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Angiosperm-wide analysis of fruit and ovary evolution aided by a new nuclear phylogeny supports association of the same ovary type with both dry and fleshy fruits

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 228-251页

作者： Yezi xiang Taikui Zhang Yiyong Zhao Hongjin Dong Hongyi Chen Yi Hu Chien-Hsun Huang jun xiang Hong Ma State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologyCenter of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Biology Howard Hughes Medical InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Biology the Eberly College of Scienceand the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciencesthe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization College of Biology and Agricultural ResourcesHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggang 438000China

Fruit functions in seed protection and dispersal and belongs to many dry and fleshy types,yet their evolutionary pattern remains unclear in part due to uncertainties in the phylogenetic relationships among several orders and families.Thus we used nuclear genes of 502 angiosperm species representing 231 families to reconstruct a well supported phylogeny,with resolved relationships for orders and families with previously uncertain placements.Using this phylogeny as a framework,molecular dating supports a Triassic origin of the crown angiosperms,followed by the emergence of most orders in the Jurassic and Cretaceous and their rise to ecological dominance during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution.The robust phylogeny allowed an examination of the evolutionary pattern of fruit and ovary types,revealing a trend of parallel carpel fusions during early diversifications in eudicots,monocots,and magnoliids.Moreover,taxa in the same order or family with the same ovary type can develop either dry or fleshy fruits with strong correlations between specific types of dry and fleshy fruits;such associations of ovary,dry and fleshy fruits define several ovaryfruit"modules"each found in multiple families.One of the frequent modules has an ovary containing multiple ovules,capsules and berries,and another with an ovary having one or two ovules,achenes(or other single-seeded dry fruits)and drupes.This new perspective of relationships among fruit types highlights the closeness of specific dry and fleshy fruit types,such as capsule and berry,that develop from the same ovary type and belong to the same module relative to dry and fleshy fruits of other modules(such as achenes and drupes).Further analyses of gene families containing known genes for ovary and fruit development identified phylogenetic nodes with multiple gene duplications,supporting a possible role of whole-genome duplications,in combination with climate changes and animal behaviors,in angiosperm fruit and ovary diversification.

关键词： angiosperm fruit evolution MADS-box molecular clock nuclear phylogeny ovary and fruit developmental genes

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Mitigating set-stuck failure in 3D phase change memory: substituting square pulses with surge pulses

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 295-301页

作者： Ninghua LI Wang CAI jun xiang Hao TONG Weiming CHENG xiangshui MIAO School of Integrated Circuits Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories Hubei Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology

In the devices that integrate phase change memory(PCM) and ovonic threshold switching(OTS),the OTS threshold voltage often surpasses the RESET operation voltage of PCM. The conventional application of square pulses hinders the successful completion of the SET operation in these integrated devices. To address this challenge, a novel pulse called the surge pulse is introduced, which comprises a high amplitude pulse for OTS activation and a low amplitude pulse for PCM operation. By employing COMSOL simulation,the operational effectiveness of both square pulses and surge pulses is validated. Test results reveal that using a square pulse to operate the integrated device accelerates the occurrence of SET-stuck failure(SSF).In contrast, the surge pulse enables the integrated device to operate for at least 1000 cycles while preserving the essential cyclic characteristics. Additionally, an investigation into the overshoot component of the surge pulse is conducted, revealing that an increase in overshoot amplitude and pulse width also accelerates the emergence of SSF. By applying the theory of ion migration induced by the electric field, the root cause of SSF in integrated devices is explained, and the accuracy of the theory is validated through the application of a reverse pulse. In summary, this study elucidates the rationality of replacing the square pulse with a surge pulse, presenting a superior approach for operating PCM and OTS integrated devices.

关键词： surge pulse phase change memory (PCM) integration SET-stuck failure (SSF) square pulse

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Mg-Al-hydrotalcite with alkaline sites protects Ni/KIT-6 from formation of amorphous coke in glycerol steam reforming via tailoring reaction intermediates

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 25-39页

作者： Yunyu Guo Yiran Wang Yuewen Shao Shu Zhang Yi Wang Song Hu jun xiang Xun Hu School of Material Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

During steam reforming,the performance of a catalyst and amount/property of coke are closely related to reaction intermediates reaching surface of a catalyst.Herein,modification of reaction intermediates by placing Mg-Al-hydrotalcite above Ni/KIT-6 catalyst in steam reforming of glycerol was conducted at 300 to 600°C.The results revealed that the catalytic activity of Ni/KIT-6 in the lower bed was enhanced with either Mg1-Al5-hydrotalcite(containing more acidic sites)or Mg5-Al1-hydrotalcite(containing more alkaline sites)as upper-layer catalyst.The in situ infrared characterization of steam reforming demonstrated that Mg-Al-hydrotalcite catalyzed the deoxygenation of glycerol,facilitating the reforming of the partially deoxygenated intermediates over Ni/KIT-6.Mg-Al-hydrotalcite as protective catalyst,however,did not protect the Ni/KIT-6 from formation of more coke.Nonetheless,this did not lead to further deactivation of Ni/KIT-6 while Mg5-Al1-hydrotalcite even substantially enhanced the catalytic stability,even though the coke was much more significant than that in the use of single Ni/KIT-6(52.7%vs.28.6%).The reason beneath this was change of the property of coke from more aliphatic to more aromatic.Mg5-Al1-hydrotalcite catalyzed dehydration of glycerol,producing dominantly reaction intermediates bearing C=C,which formed the catalytic coke of with carbon nanotube as the main form with smooth outer walls as well as higher aromaticity,C/H ratio,crystallinity,crystal carbon size,thermal stability,and resistivity toward oxidation on Ni/KIT-6 in the lower bed.In comparison,the abundance of acidic sites on Mg1-Al5-hydrotalcite catalyzed the formation of more oxygen-containing species,leading to the formation of carbon nanotubes of rough surface on Ni/KIT-6.

关键词： steam reforming of glycerol Mg-Alhydrotalcite sacrificial catalyst reaction intermediates property of coke

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Steam reforming of acetic acid over Ni/biochar of low metal-loading:Involvement of biochar in tailoring reaction intermediates renders superior catalytic performance

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 241-252页

作者： Yunyu Guo Yiran Wang Shu Zhang Yi Wang Song Hu jun xiang Walid Nabgan Xun Hu School of Material Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Departament d'Enginyeria Química Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona 43007Spain

Biochar is a reactive carrier as it may be partially gasified with steam in steam reforming,which could influence the formation of reaction intermediates and modify catalytic behaviors.Herein,the Ni/biochar as well as two comparative catalysts,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2),with low nickel loading(2%(mass))was conducted to probe involvement of the varied carriers in the steam reforming.The results indicated that the Ni/biochar performed excellent catalytic activity than Ni/SiO_(2) and Ni/Al_(2)O_(3),as the biochar carrier facilitated quick conversion of the eOH from dissociation of steam to gasify the oxygen-rich carbonaceous intermediates like C]O and CeOeC,resulting in low coverage while high exposure of nickel species for maintaining the superior catalytic performance.In converse,strong adsorption of aliphatic intermediates over Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2) induced serious coking with polymeric coke as the main type(21.5%and 32.1%,respectively),which was significantly higher than that over Ni/biochar(3.9%).The coke over Ni/biochar was mainly aromatic or catalytic type with nanotube morphology and high crystallinity.The high resistivity of Ni/biochar towards coking was due to the balance between formation of coke and gasification of coke and partially biochar with steam,which created developed mesopores in spent Ni/biochar while the coke blocked pores in Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/SiO_(2) catalysts.

关键词： Steam reforming Acetic acid Ni/biochar catalyst Property of coke Reaction intermediates

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Thermal pretreatment of willow branches impacts yield and pore development of activated carbon in subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) via modifying cellulose structure

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 227-237页

作者： Linghui Kong Chao Li Runxing Sun Shu Zhang Yi Wang jun xiang Song Hu Dong Wang Chuanjun Leng Xun Hu School of Material Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Shandong BASAN Graphite New Material Plant Zibo 255311China

Development of pore structures of activated carbon(AC)from activation of biomass with ZnCl_(2) relies on content and structure of cellulose/hemicellulose in the feedstock.Thermal pretreatment of biomass could induce dehydration and/or aromatization to change the structure of cellulose/hemicellulose.This might interfere with evolution of structures of AC,which was investigated herein via thermal pretreatment of willow branch(WB)from 200 to 360℃and the subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) at 550℃.The results showed that thermal pretreatment at 360℃(WB-360)could lead to substantial pyrolysis to form biochar,with a yield of 31.9%,accompanying with nearly complete destruction of cellulose crystals and remarkably enhanced aromatic degree.However,cellulose residual in WB-360 could still be activated to form AC-360 with specific surface area of 1837.9 m~2·g^(-1),which was lower than that in AC from activation of untreated WB(AC-blank,2077.8 m~2·g^(-1)).Nonetheless,the AC-200 from activation of WB-200 had more developed pores(2113.9 m~2·g^(-1))and superior capability for adsorption of phenol,due to increased permeability of ZnCl_(2) to the largely intact cellulose structure in WB-200.The thermal pretreatment did increase diameters of micropores of AC but reduced the overall yield of AC(26.8%for AC-blank versus 18.0%for AC-360),resulting from accelerated cracking but reduced intensity of condensation.In-situ infrared characterization of the activation showed that ZnCl_(2) mainly catalyzed dehydration,dehydrogenation,condensation,and aromatization but not cracking,suppressing the formation of derivatives of cellulose and lignin in bio-oil.The thermal pretreatment formed phenolic-OH and C=O with higher chemical innerness,which changed the reaction network in activation,shifting morphology of fibrous structures in AC-blank to“melting surface”in AC-200 or AC-280.

关键词： Thermal pretreatment Activation with ZnCl_(2) Willow branch Activated carbon Biochar

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Sequential pyrolysis for understanding specific influence of cellulose- and lignin-derived volatiles on properties of counterpart char

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期5卷 222-235页

作者： Yuewen Shao Chao Li Mengjiao Fan Guoming Gao Stelgen Inkoua Lijun Zhang Shu Zhang jun xiang Song Hu Xun Hu School of Material Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan250022China Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology430074China

Interactions of cellulose-and lignin-derived intermediates have been well documented during pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.The reaction network for the interactions is rather complex,as cellulose-derived volatiles could interact/react with not only lignin-derived volatiles but also lignin-derived char and vice versa.To probe specifically the impacts of cellulose-derived volatiles on the lignin-derived char or the opposite,herein the sequential pyrolysis was performed by arranging cellulose in the upper bed with lignin in the lower bed or lignin above with cellulose below at 350 and 650℃,respectively.The results indicated that the sequential pyrolysis of cellulose→lignin or lignin→cellulose at 350℃induced increased char yield from formation of carbonaceous deposits via volatiles-char interactions.Compared with the lignin-derived volatiles,the cellulose-derived volatiles,especially aldehyde fractions,were more reactive towards the lignin-derived char at 350℃,forming oxygen-rich lignin-derived char with a higher yield,an abundance of aliphatic structures and consequently lower thermal stability.In sequential pyrolysis of lignin→cellulose,more aromatics-rich species were deposited on cellulose-derived char,but the lignin-derived volatiles were less reactive for enhancing the char yield.At 650℃,instead of polymerisation of the volatiles on the char,either the cellulose-or lignin-derived char catalyzed the cracking of the counterpart volatiles to remove the aliphatic functionalities,which made the char more aromatic and thermally more stable.

关键词： Cellulose Lignin Sequential pyrolysis Char Interaction

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Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer:From traditional approaches to novel strategies

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第1期137卷 8-20页

作者： Suki Ha xiang Zhang jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

The intestine harbors a large population of microorganisms that interact with epithelial cells to maintain host healthy physiological status.These intestinal microbiota engage in the fermentation of non-digestible nutrients and produce beneficial metabolites to regulate host homeostasis,metabolism,and immune response.The disruption of microbiota,known as dysbiosis,has been implicated in many intestinal diseases,including colorectal cancer(CRC).As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,CRC poses a significant health burden.There is an urgent need for novel interventions to reduce CRC incidence and improve clinical outcomes.Modulating the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a promising approach for CRC prevention and treatment.Current research efforts in CRC probiotics primarily focus on reducing the incidence of CRC,alleviating treatment-related side effects,and potentiating the efficacy of anticancer therapy,which is the key to successful translation to clinical practice.This paper aims to review the traditional probiotics and new interventions,such as next-generation probiotics and postbiotics,in the context of CRC.The underlying mechanisms of probiotic anti-cancer effects are also discussed,including the restoration of microbial composition,reinforcement of gut barrier integrity,induction of cancer cell apoptosis,inactivation of carcinogens,and modulation of host immune response.This paper further evaluates the novel strategy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in boosting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Despite all the promising findings presented in studies,the evaluation of potential risks,optimization of delivery methods,and consideration of intra-patient variability of gut microbial baseline must be thoroughly interpreted before bench-to-bedside translation.

关键词： colorectal cancer probiotics gut microbiota dysbiosis adjuvant therapy immune modulation gut barrrier

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A Novel Design of a Pre-separation Panel Structure to Protect Against the Impact of an Explosion in an Aircraft Plenum Chamber

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第1期37卷 166-180页

作者： Zongxing Liu xiang Yang jun Liu School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute Shanghai 201210China

To reduce the damage of the pressurizing panel structure of a fuselage caused by an explosion at the“least risk bomb location”in an aircraft structure,a new pre-separation panel structure was designed to resist blast loading.First,the dynamic strain response and morphology of impact damage of the new pre-separation panel were measured in an impact damage test.Second,the commercial software LS-DYNA was used to calculate the propagation of the blast shock wave,and the results were compared with empirical equations to verify the rationality of the numerical calculation method.Finally,the fluid–structure coupling method was used to calculate the damage process of the pre-separation panel structure under the impact of an explosion wave and an impact block.The calculated results were in good agreement with the test results,which showed the rationality of the calculation method and the model.The residual strength of the damaged pre-separation panel was significantly higher than that of the original damaged panel.The results show that the new pre-separation panel structure is reasonable and has certain significance for guiding the design of plenum chambers with strong resistance to implosion for aircraft fuselages.

关键词： Pre-separation panel structure Explosive response Residual strength Aircraft plenum chamber Least risk bomb location

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Bile acids,gut microbiota,and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 144-162页

作者： Yang Song Harry CH Lau xiang Zhang jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver malignancy.The interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and progression.Under normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and BAs.The gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal homeostasis.Of note,dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to HCC development.Therefore,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in HCC.Additionally,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered bacteria.In summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.

关键词： Bile acid gut microbiota hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics microbiota modulation

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Continuous Orbit Equivalence of Semigroup Actions

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第6期40卷 1581-1598页

作者： xiang Qi QIANG Cheng jun HOU School of Mathematical Science Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002P.R.China

We introduce notions of continuous orbit equivalence and its one-sided version for countable left Ore semigroup actions on compact spaces by surjective local homeomorphisms,and characterize them in terms of the corresponding transformation groupoids and their operator algebras.In particular,we show that two essentially free semigroup actions on totally disconnected compact spaces are continuously orbit equivalent if and only if there is a canonical abelian subalgebra preserving C^(∗)-isomorphism between the associated transformation groupoid C^(∗)-algebras.We also give some examples of orbit equivalence,consider the special case of semigroup actions by homeomorphisms and relate continuous orbit equivalence of semigroup actions to that of the associated group actions.

关键词： Semigroup action continuous one-sided orbit equivalence continuous orbit equivalence groupoid C^(∗)-algebras

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