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Yinhuang granule alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice and its mechanism

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 264-278页

作者： Hao Ouyang Hui Miao Zhen Li Duan Wu Si-Cheng Gao Yao-Yao Dai Xiao-di Gao Hai-Sheng Chai Wei-Ye Hu jun-Feng Zhu Department of Liver Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 201203China

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a formidable global medical challenge,with no effective clinical treatment currently available.Yinhuang granule(YHG)is a proprietary Chinese medicine comprising Scutellariae Radix and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos.It is frequently used for upper respiratory tract infections,pharyngitis,as well as acute and chronic tonsillitis.AIM To investigate the potential of YHG in alleviating carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice.METHODS To induce a hepatic fibrosis model in mice,this study involved intraperitoneal injections of 2 mL/kg of CCl4 twice a week for 4 wk.Meanwhile,liver fibrosis mice in the low dose of YHG(0.4 g/kg)and high dose of YHG(0.8 g/kg)groups were orally administered YHG once a day for 4 wk.Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase(ALT/AST)activity and liver hydroxyproline content were detected.Sirius red and Masson's trichrome staining assay were conducted.Realtime polymerase chain reaction,western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were conducted.Liver glutathione content,superoxide dismutase activity level,reactive oxygen species and protein carbonylation amount were detected.RESULTS The administration of YHG ameliorated hepatocellular injury in CCl4-treated mice,as reflected by decreased serum ALT/AST activity and improved liver histological evaluation.YHG also attenuated liver fibrosis,evident through reduced liver hydroxyproline content,improvements in Sirius red and Masson's trichrome staining,and lowered serum hyaluronic acid levels.Furthermore,YHG hindered the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and ameliorated oxidative stress injury and inflammation in liver from CCl4-treated mice.YHG prompted the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and upregulated the expression of Nrf2-dependent downstream antioxidant genes.In addition,YHG promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in liver from CCl4-treated mice,as demonstrated by increased liver adenosine triphosphate content,mitochondrial DNA levels,and the expression of p

关键词： Yinhuang granule Liver fibrosis Hepatic stellate cells Oxidative injury Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Inflammation

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From dichotomy to diversity:deciphering the multifaceted roles of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer progression and therapy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 132-138页

作者： Xiumei Wang jun Chen Guangshuai Jia Department of Immunology and Microbiology Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Jinfeng Laboratory Chongqing 401329China GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510182China

Macrophages are innate immune cells that are ubiquitously distributed throughout the vertebrate body.Macrophages orchestrate sophisticated processes in development,homeostasis,immunity,and disease1.Macrophages residing in tumor tissues are commonly known as tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and promote or inhibit tumor growth depending on the activation state2.

关键词： immunity homeostasis tumor

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Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： Thomas J.Algeo jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of Geosciences University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e. the trigger that leads to various climato-environmental changes, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e. the specific climato-environmental changes that result in elevated biotic mortality. With regard to ultimate causes, strong cases can be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impacts, large igneous province(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have each triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic changes have triggered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical triggers(e.***.solar flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With regard to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being associated with climatic warming, ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling, increased marine productivity and higher carbonate δ13C values. Environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show consistent relationships with carbon-cycle changes.In this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among the Big Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-triggered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises are examples of LIP-triggered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises are examples of bioevolution-triggered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary triggers can result in variable carbon-cycle changes, e.g. carbon burial during the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian events,

关键词： biocrisis ultimate cause proximate cause bolide large igneous province bioevolutionary event

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Metabolites and micronutrition in modulating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1183-1184页

作者： Katerina Claud jun Sun Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The majority of ALS cases are sporadic with only about 20% of familial forms. Even in families with genetic predisposition, there is significant phenotypic variability, suggesting that ALS onset may be triggered by a combination of genetic factors, environmental factors(e.g., military service,

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Effect of Wave Nonlinearity on the Instantaneous Seabed Liquefaction

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 93-103页

作者： WANG Zhao-jun SUI Ti-ti ZHANG Chi PAN jun-ning Key Laboratory of Port Waterway and Sedimentation Engineering of the Ministry of TransportNanjing Hydraulic Research InstituteNanjing 210024China Key Laboratory of Coastal disaster and Protection(Hohai University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210098China The National Key Laboratory of Water disaster Prevention Nanjing 210098China

The nonlinear variation of wave is commonly seen in nearshore area,and the resulting seabed response and liquefaction are of high concern to coastal engineers.In this study,an analytical formula considering the nonlinear wave skewness and asymmetry is adopted to provide wave pressure on the seabed surface.The liquefaction depth attenuation coefficient and width growth coefficient are defined to quantitatively characterize the nonlinear effect of wave on seabed liquefaction.Based on the 2D full dynamic model of wave-induced seabed response,a detailed parametric study is carried out in order to evaluate the influence of the nonlinear variation of wave loadings on seabed liquefaction.Further,new empirical prediction formulas are proposed to fast predict the maximum liquefaction under nonlinear wave.Results indicate that(1)Due to the influence of wave nonlinearity,the vertical transmission of negative pore water pressure in the seabed is hindered,and therefore,the amplitude decreases significantly.(2)In general,with the increase of wave nonlinearity,the liquefaction depth of seabed decreases gradually.Especially under asymmetric and skewed wave loading,the attenuation of maximum seabed liquefaction depth is the most significant among all the nonlinear wave conditions.However,highly skewed wave can cause the liquefaction depth of seabed greater than that under linear wave.(3)The asymmetry of wave pressure leads to the increase of liquefaction width,whereas the influence of skewedness is not significant.(4)Compared with the nonlinear waveform,seabed liquefaction is more sensitive to the variation of nonlinear degree of wave loading.

关键词： nonlinear wave seabed response seabed liquefaction numerical simulation liquefaction prediction

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Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer:From traditional approaches to novel strategies

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第1期137卷 8-20页

作者： Suki Ha Xiang Zhang jun Yu Institute of digestive disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

The intestine harbors a large population of microorganisms that interact with epithelial cells to maintain host healthy physiological status.These intestinal microbiota engage in the fermentation of non-digestible nutrients and produce beneficial metabolites to regulate host homeostasis,metabolism,and immune response.The disruption of microbiota,known as dysbiosis,has been implicated in many intestinal diseases,including colorectal cancer(CRC).As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,CRC poses a significant health burden.There is an urgent need for novel interventions to reduce CRC incidence and improve clinical outcomes.Modulating the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a promising approach for CRC prevention and treatment.Current research efforts in CRC probiotics primarily focus on reducing the incidence of CRC,alleviating treatment-related side effects,and potentiating the efficacy of anticancer therapy,which is the key to successful translation to clinical practice.This paper aims to review the traditional probiotics and new interventions,such as next-generation probiotics and postbiotics,in the context of CRC.The underlying mechanisms of probiotic anti-cancer effects are also discussed,including the restoration of microbial composition,reinforcement of gut barrier integrity,induction of cancer cell apoptosis,inactivation of carcinogens,and modulation of host immune response.This paper further evaluates the novel strategy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in boosting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Despite all the promising findings presented in studies,the evaluation of potential risks,optimization of delivery methods,and consideration of intra-patient variability of gut microbial baseline must be thoroughly interpreted before bench-to-bedside translation.

关键词： colorectal cancer probiotics gut microbiota dysbiosis adjuvant therapy immune modulation gut barrrier

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集成光波导相控阵列中心偏检测方法

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吉林大学学报（工学版） 2024年第4期54卷 1099-1104页

作者：严朝军吴迪三峡大学计算机与信息学院宜昌443002 三峡大学电子与通信研究所宜昌443002

针对光波导在成像过程中阵列中心易发生偏移现象,其相控阵列的中心偏检测精度较低的问题,提出一种集成光波导相控阵列中心偏检测方法。利用光束传输法对集成光波导的光波场展开模型,根据光栅衍射理论分析集成光波导的扫描特性。当相控... 详细信息

针对光波导在成像过程中阵列中心易发生偏移现象,其相控阵列的中心偏检测精度较低的问题,提出一种集成光波导相控阵列中心偏检测方法。利用光束传输法对集成光波导的光波场展开模型,根据光栅衍射理论分析集成光波导的扫描特性。当相控阵列中心处于偏离状态时,相控阵列面之间在集成光波导中处于不平行状态,在光学自准直法的基础上结合集成光波导的扫描特性,计算相控阵列在集成光波导中的平行度,获得相控阵列面在x方向和y方向中的平行度,以此为依据检测集成光波导相控阵列中心的偏离程度。实验结果表明:本文方法在x方向和y方向中的检测误差为0.001 mm和0.002 mm,检测结果与实际结果相符,证明所提方法具有较高的检测精度。

关键词：集成光波导相控阵列光栅衍射理论光束传输法光学自准直法阵列中心偏检测

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Coulomb-assisted nonlocal electron transport between two pairs of Majorana bound states in a superconducting island

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 275-279页

作者：王浩迪任俊潼吕海峰柯莎莎 School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

We investigate the nonlocal transport modulated by Coulomb interactions in devices comprising two interacting Majorana wires,where both nanowires are in proximity to a mesoscopic superconducting(SC)island.Each Majorana bound state(MBS)is coupled to one lead via a quantum dot with resonant levels.In this device,the nonlocal correlations can be induced in the absence of Majorana energy splitting.We find that the negative differential conductance and giant current noise cross correlation could be induced,due to the interplay between nonlocality of MBSs and dynamical Coulomb blockade effect.This feature may provide a signature for the existence of the MBSs.

关键词： Majorana bound states superconducting island current cross correlation

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China stroke surveillance report 2021

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 374-399页

作者： Wen-jun Tu Long-De Wang 无 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Special Writing Group of China Stroke Surveillance Report

Since 2015,stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in China,posing a significant threat to the health of its citizens as a major chronic non-communicable disease.According to the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program,an estimated 17.8 million[95%confidence interval(CI)17.6–18.0million]adults in China had experienced a stroke in 2020,with 3.4 million(95%CI 3.3–3.5 million)experiencing their first-ever stroke and another 2.3 million(95%CI 2.2–2.4 million)dying as a result.Additionally,approximately 12.5%(95%CI 12.4%–12.5%)of stroke survivors were left disabled,as defined by a modified Rankin Scale score greater than 1,equating to 2.2 million(95%CI 2.1–2.2 million)stroke-related disabilities in 2020.As the population ages and the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia continues to rise and remains poorly controlled,the burden of stroke in China is also increasing.A large national epidemiological survey initiated by the China Hypertension League in 2017 showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%;the awareness,treatment,and control rates in hypertensive patients were:60.1%,42.5%,and 25.4%,respectively.A nationally representative sample of the Chinese mainland population showed that the weighted prevalence of total diabetes diagnosed by the American diabetes Association criteria was 12.8%,suggesting there are 120 million adults with diabetes in China,and the awareness,treatment,and control rates in diabetic patients were:43.3%,49.0%,and 49.4%,respectively.The“Sixth National Health Service Statistical Survey Report in 2018”showed that the proportion of the obese population in China was 37.4%,an increase of 7.2 points from 2013.Data from 1599 hospitals in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System and Bigdata Observatory Platform for Stroke of China(BOSC)showed that a total of 3,418,432 stroke cases[mean age±standard error(SE)was(65.700±0.006)years,and 59.1%were male]were admitted during 2020.Of those,over 80.0%(81.9%)were ischemic

关键词： Stroke Epidemiological characteristics Treatment Prognosis China

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 333-346页

作者： Yifan Sun Qian Li Ling-jun Kong Xiangdong Zhang Key Laboratory of advanced optoelectronic quantum architecture and measurements of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics&Ultrafine Optoelectronic SystemsSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology100081BeijingChina

Compared with electrical neural networks,optical neural networks(ONNs)have the potentials to break the limit of the bandwidth and reduce the consumption of energy,and therefore draw much attention in recent years.By far,several types of ONNs have been implemented.However,the current ONNs cannot realize the acceleration as powerful as that indicated by the models like quantum neural networks.How to construct and realize an ONN with the quantum speedup is a huge challenge.Here,we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a new type of optical convolutional neural network by introducing the optical correlation.It is called the correlated optical convolutional neural network(COCNN).We show that the COCNN can exhibit“quantum speedup”in the training process.The character is verified from the two aspects.One is the direct illustration of the faster convergence by comparing the loss function curves of the COCNN with that of the traditional convolutional neural network(CNN).Such a result is compatible with the training performance of the recently proposed quantum convolutional neural network(QCNN).The other is the demonstration of the COCNN’s capability to perform the QCNN phase recognition circuit,validating the connection between the COCNN and the QCNN.Furthermore,we take the COCNN analog to the 3-qubit QCNN phase recognition circuit as an example and perform an experiment to show the soundness and the feasibility of it.The results perfectly match the theoretical calculations.Our proposal opens up a new avenue for realizing the ONNs with the quantum speedup,which will benefit the information processing in the era of big data.

关键词： process quantum convolution

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