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Energy Balance of Irrigated Intercropping Field in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin

Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第3期16卷 243-248页

作者： WU Jinkui DING Yongjian WANG Genxu SHEN Yongping Yusuke YAMAZAKI jumpei kubota Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China The Laboratory of Climate Study of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100041 China Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto 602-0778 Japan

Based on the experiments conducted in an irrigated intercropping field in Zhangye Oasis in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin in 2004, the characteristics of radiation budget are analyzed. Furthermore, energy balance is cal- culated by using Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) method. The results show that the ratio of the absorbed radiation to the incoming short radiation in intercropping crop canopy-soil system is increasing with growing stages, from 0.81 in the initial growing stage (IGS) to 0.86 in the late growing stage (LGS). The net radiation, which is smaller in IGS, in- creases rapidly in the first period of the middle growing stage (MGS) and reaches the maximum value in the second period of MGS. It then somewhat decreases in LGS. The ratio of net radiation to total radiation has a similar trend with the net radiation. In the whole growing stages, latent heat flux, which takes up 70% or so of the net radiation, is the dominant item in energy balance. Sensible heat flux shares 20% of the net radiation and soil heat flux has a percentage of 10%. The characteristics of heat balance vary distinctly in different growing stages. In IGS, the ratios of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux to net radiation are 44.5%, 23.8% and 31.7% respectively. In MGS, with the in- creasing of latent heat flux and the decreasing of sensible heat flux and soil heat flux, the ratios turn into 84.4%, 6.3% and 9.3%. In LGS, the soil heat flux maintains 0W/m2 or so, and latent heat flux and sensible heat flux take up 61.4% and 38.6% respectively. The energy balance also shows an obvious daily variation characteristic.

关键词： radiation budget energy balance intercropping field Heihe River basin

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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF LOW-LYING PRAIRIE WETLAND IN MIDDLE REACHES OF HEIHE RIVER IN NORTHWEST CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2005年第4期15卷 325-329页

作者： WU Jin-kui DING Yong-jian WANG Gen-xu SHEN Yong-ping Yusuke YAMAZAKI jumpei kubota Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China The Laboratory of Climate Study of China Metralogical Administration Beijing 100041 P. R. China Research Institute far Humanity and Nature Kyoto 602-0778 Japan

Low-lying prairie wetland, which has characteristics of both grassland and wetland, has irreplaceable ecological functions in inland river basins of Northwest China. Owing to its small-scale distribution, so far, the observation and research on it are rare. The estimation of evapotranspiration is significant to ecological and environmental construction, scientific management of pasture and protection of wetland. For studying the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, an inland river, in Northwest China, the automatic weather station in Linze Ecological Experimental Station of Lanzhou University （39°15′ 3″N, 100°03′ 52″ E）, Linze, Gansu Province, was selected as a case study. Based on meteorological data collected, Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance （BREB） method was used to calculate the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland. The analysis results showed that in a whole year （September 2003 -August 2004）, the total ET was 611.5mm and mean daily 1.67mm/d. The ET varied with different growing stages. In non-growing stage （NGS）, initial growing stage （IGS）, middle growing stage （MGS） and end growing stage （EGS）, the ET was 0.57, 2.01, 3.82 and 1.49mrrdd, with a percentage of total ET of 18.26%, 9.20%, 61.83% and 10.71% respectively. In March, ET began to increase. But in April, the ET increased most. After that, it increased gradually and got the maximal value in July. From then on, the ET decreased gradually. In September, the ET decreased rapidly. With the ending of growing and the freezing of soil, the ET stopped from the middle of November to February in next year. Hourly ET analysis showed that at 8：00 a.m. （during MGS at 7：00 a.m.）, the evapotranspiration began, at 13：00 p.m. got its maximal value and at 19：00 p.m. （during MGS at 20：00 p.m.）, the evapotranspiration stopped. The intensity of ET in sunny day was much larger than that in cloudy day in the same growing stage.

关键词： evapotranspiration low-lying prairie wetland inland river basin

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Effects of landscape pattern changes on runoff of alpine grassland watershed

Effects of landscape pattern changes on runoff of alpine gra...

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第三世界生态高峰会

作者： jumpei kubota Research Institute for Humanity and Nature.Kyoto 602-0878 Japan

The effects of landscape pattern changes on the runoff process and soil water cycle in alpine grassland watershed are a key factor in the rational allocation of water resources to the middle and lower reaches. Based on three periods of remote sense data from 1960s and the long-term observed data of runoff from 1980s,the impacts of landscape pattern changes on the unoff process and soil water cycle in alpine grassland watershed in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of FDC and runoff dynamic *** alpine grassland, the Shandan river in Hexi Corridor and the Tongtian river in center of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,were choused as case study and compared with each *** results showed that:（1）since 1967 the landscape pattern changes was *** Shandan river,the shrub land and high-coverage grassland areas declined by 32.18% and 47.2%, respectively,whereas urban and cultivated lands increased by 1201.5% and 886.9%,*** Tongtian river,the alpine cold swamp and alpine cold meadow areas decreased by 42.7% and 12.1% respectively, which mainly turned into lower cover alpine cold meadow and bare rock and sparse land.（2）The landscape pattern changes in the Tongtian river basin resulted in annual average runoff decreased by 15.2%,and the runoff with frequency of more than 20% decreased distinctly. However,the runoff frequency of more than 550m/s was increased. The climatic and alpine vegetation coverage changes,which were the main factors,contributed to the runoff decrease by 5.8% and 5.5% respectively.（3）In Shandan river,the impact of landscape pattern changes,especially in the large areas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967,has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 28.12%,a base flow decline of 35.32% a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 35.77%,and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 36.05% and 24.87% respectively,of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the infl

关键词： Landscape pattern change hydrological response runoff decline grassland watershed

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Land and Water Use in Rice-upland Crop Rotation Areas in Lower Ili River Basin, Kazakhstan

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2010年第4期17卷 8-13页

作者： SHIMIZU Katsuyuki KITAMURA Yoshinobu ANZAI Toshihiko kubota jumpei Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University The Graduate School of Agriculture Tottori University Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

The lower Ili River Basin is located in semi-arid area, and the annual rainfall is 177mm. Therefore, the irrigation is inevitable for agriculture. Large-scale irrigated agriculture had been developed since 1960＇s in the lower parts of the river and the total irrigated area is about 32 000 hm2. In the project area, the paddy rice-upland crop rotation has been practiced. Due to the domestic water use for hydropower and agriculture as well as water use among riparian countries, the deficit of water for agriculture in the lower part has been concerned. The authors, therefore, conducted the field survey and water balance analysis of the Akdara irrigation project in the lower Ill River Basin in order to assess the land and water uses. Moreover, the impact of the water use on water environment to the basin was analyzed. The following results were obtained as following （1） the groundwater level in the irrigated district varied from 1.5 m to 3.5 m through year. （2） 1970＇s groundwater level was drastically raised from 8 m to 3 m and the groundwater had been recharged in this period. （3） Water use efficiency of agriculture, which is the ratio of total evapotranspiration to the total water withdrawal was as low as 0.23.

关键词： crop rotation water balance overall irrigation efficiency groundwater fluctuation dry land

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江苏省SO2排放环境库茨涅茨关系研究--基于半参数面板数据模型分析

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中国环境科学 2016年第10期36卷 3143-3149页

作者：王远王春春赵静钱一潇 kubota jumpei 何彦旻朱晓东南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室中国南京210023 Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto 603-8047Japan Institute of Economic Research Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan

以江苏省为研究区域,通过验证环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在来分析经济增长、城市化对SO_2排放的影响.采用1991-2013年江苏省市级面板数据,结合参数及半参数固定效应回归同时对经济增长/城市化与SO_2排放关系开展研究.研究发现了经济增长与SO_... 详细信息

以江苏省为研究区域,通过验证环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在来分析经济增长、城市化对SO_2排放的影响.采用1991-2013年江苏省市级面板数据,结合参数及半参数固定效应回归同时对经济增长/城市化与SO_2排放关系开展研究.研究发现了经济增长与SO_2排放之间存在着倒U型曲线关系,但是对于城市化与SO_2排放,二者的倒U型曲线关系并不存在.经济增长与SO_2排放之间环境库兹涅茨关系的存在表明了经济的持续发展能够协调并解决其与SO_2排放之间的困境.同时,这些研究发现有助于推动社会经济发展与环境污染关系的研究.

关键词：经济增长城市化二氧化硫排放环境库茨涅茨半参数固定效应模型

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Impacts of land use changes on groundwater resources in the Heihe River Basin

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2005年第4期15卷 405-414页

作者： WANG Genxu YANG Lingyuan CHEN Ling jumpei kubota Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou730000 China College of Earth and Environment Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 China Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto 602-0878 Japan

Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602 × 10^8 m^3/a in the former 15 years （1969-1985） and 0.218 × 10^8 m^3/a in the latter 15 years （1986-2000）, and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035 × 10^8 m^3/a and 4.91 × 10^8 m^3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0 × 10^8 m^3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources.

关键词： land use change inland fiver groundwater system Heihe River Basin

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Five Decades of Shrinkage of the July 1st Glacier in the Qilian Mountains of China

Five Decades of Shrinkage of the July 1st Glacier in the Qil...

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第四届青藏高原国际学术研讨会

作者： Akiko Sakai Koji Fujita Yoshihiro Matsuda jumpei kubota Masayoshi Nakawo Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan. Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan. Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan. Research Institute for Humanity and Nature KyotoJapan Research Institute for Humanity and Nature KyotoJapan

＜正＞A survey was carded out at the July 1st glacier in Qilian Mountains, China in 2002. There was a record of this glacier boundary in 1956, and research works have been done in the mid-Seventies and Eighties. Our survey of the glacier revealed that the glacier area in 2002 has decreased 4% and 5% since 1985 and 1956, respectively. The average surface lowering rates of the glacier along a longitudinal line were 0.06 m yr-1 and 0.38 m yr-1 from 1975 to 1985 and, from 1985 to 2002, respectively. It was clarified, therefore, that the glacier area shrinkage and surface lowering have accelerated in the most recent 15 years.

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干旱区人工绿洲间作农田蒸散研究

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农业工程学报 2006年第9期22卷 16-20页

作者：吴锦奎丁永建王根绪山崎佑介田隆平中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所日本人类与自然研究所日本京都6020778

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的春小麦和夏玉米间作农田能水平衡研究观测点，以气象观测资料为基础，采用波文比能量平衡法（BREB）和参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法（ET0-Kc）对作物的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明：在一个完... 详细信息

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的春小麦和夏玉米间作农田能水平衡研究观测点，以气象观测资料为基础，采用波文比能量平衡法（BREB）和参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法（ET0-Kc）对作物的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明：在一个完整的生长期内，利用波文比能量平衡法得到的间作作物蒸散量为688mm，日均3．4mm／d，用参考作物蒸散量作物系数法得到的作物蒸散量为666mm，日均3．3mm／d，两种计算方法得到的蒸散量总值差别小。同期，水文平衡法计算结果为733mm。利用波文比能量平衡法所得结果的分析表明，试验地在不同生长阶段，ET变化剧烈，生长初期、中期、末期分别为1．19、4．41和2．58mm／d，其蒸散量分别占全年蒸散总量的7．79％、78．73％和13．48％。ET月变化显示，3月维持在一个较低水平；4月和5月剧烈增加；6月达到最大；此后的7月和8月降低，但仍维持在一个高水平；9月，随着作物进入生长末期，蒸散急剧减小。对ET日内变化分析可知，作物蒸散开始于早晨7：00～8：00，在14：00左右达到最大，19：00～20：00趋于0mm／d。不同生长阶段蒸散强度差异明显。

关键词：蒸散间作作物波文比能量能量法参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法绿洲

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黑河流域土地利用变化对地下水资源的影响

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地理学报 2005年第3期60卷 456-466页

作者：王根绪杨玲媛陈玲洼田顺平中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所兰州730000 兰州大学资源环境学院兰州730000 日本综合地球环境研究所

土地利用与覆被变化对区域水文过程具有深刻影响。利用1960s以来的三期遥感数据和1980年以来的地下水长期观测数据,从地下水补给和排泄系统两方面,分析了近30年来甘肃省黑河流域中游地区土地利用与覆被变化对地下水系统的影响,结果表明:... 详细信息

土地利用与覆被变化对区域水文过程具有深刻影响。利用1960s以来的三期遥感数据和1980年以来的地下水长期观测数据,从地下水补给和排泄系统两方面,分析了近30年来甘肃省黑河流域中游地区土地利用与覆被变化对地下水系统的影响,结果表明:以1985年为界,随土地利用与覆被变化强度不同,前后15年土地利用变化对地下水系统补给的影响分别达到2.602亿m3/a和0.218亿m3/a,对排泄系统的影响分别为2.035亿m3/a和4.91亿m3/a,在保持区域人工开采量不超过3.0亿m3/a的合理幅度下,土地利用变化对区域地下水资源变化起着决定作用;在区域土地利用与覆被变化和近10年来人类较大规模开采影响下,甘肃省张掖盆地地下水资源变化出现了显著的区域差异性。认识土地利用变化对流域地下水系统的作用与区域地下水资源的时空变化特征,对流域水土资源合理利用规划与管理有重要意义。

关键词：土地利用变化黑河流域地下水系统区域地下水资源水资源变化覆被变化时空变化特征资源合理利用排泄系统 1980年地下水补给 1985年区域差异性水文过程观测数据遥感数据中游地区开采影响甘肃省开采量盆地

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干旱区制种玉米农田蒸散研究

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灌溉排水学报 2007年第1期26卷 14-17页

作者：吴锦奎丁永建王根绪山崎佑介窩田隆平中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所日本人类与自然研究所日本京都6020778

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的制种玉米农田蒸散研究观测点,以气象观测资料为基础,采用波文比能量平衡法(BREB)和参考作物蒸散量作物系数法(ET0Kc)对制种玉米的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明,在一个完整的生长期内,利用波... 详细信息

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的制种玉米农田蒸散研究观测点,以气象观测资料为基础,采用波文比能量平衡法(BREB)和参考作物蒸散量作物系数法(ET0Kc)对制种玉米的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明,在一个完整的生长期内,利用波文比能量平衡法得到的蒸散量为513.2 mm,日均3.2 mm/d,用参考作物蒸散量作物系数法得到的作物蒸散量为486.2 mm,日均3.1 mm/d,2种计算方法得到的蒸散量总值差别小。利用波文比能量平衡法所得结果的分析表明,试验地在不同生长阶段,ET变化剧烈,生长初期、发育期、中期、末期分别为2.3、2.9、4.1和3.0 mm/d,其蒸散量分别约占全年蒸散总量的13%、22%、50%和16%。ET月变化显示,4月和5月维持在一个较低水平,平均为2.1-2.3 mm/d;6月剧烈增加到3.6 mm/d;7月达到最大,平均为4.6mm/d;8月蒸散有所降低,为3.3 mm/d;9月,随着作物进入生长末期,蒸散急剧减小到2.8 mm/d。

关键词：蒸散制种玉米波文比能量平衡法参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法干旱区

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