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PITCHER PLANTS RECORDED FROM BRIS FOREST IN JAMBU BONGKOK,KUALA TRENGGANU,MALAYSIA

湿地科学 2005年第3期3卷 183-189页

作者： Jumaat H Adam Nurulhuda Edy Muslim Abdul Halim Hashim Abd Rahim Othman Hafiza Abd Hamid Gire Kibe Gopir Lydia M Pilik Ramlan Omar Muhammad Barzani Qasim jumat salimon Sahibin Abd Rahim Marlia Mohd Hanafiah School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia

A dichotomous key and descriptions of the species of pitcher plants recorded from bris forest at Jambu Bongkok is *** species of pitcher plants were recognized from the study *** are Nepenthes rafflesiana,Nepenthes gracilis and Nepenthes *** species can easily be identified by their morphological *** gracilis differed from the other two species in having triangular stem,sessile leaves,winged leaf base,under lid surface of the pitcher sparsely covered with honey glands,inner pitcher cavity wall covered exposed digestive glands and very narrow peristome with the thickness of≤1 *** the other hand,Nepenthes rafflesiana and Nepenthes mirabilis have cylindrical stem,stalked leaves,semi-amplexicaul leaf base,under lid surface densely covered with honey glands,inner pitcher cavity wall covered with overarched digestive glands and broad peristome with a thickness of≥1 *** rafflesiana can be differentiated from Nepenthes mirabilis by its infundibulate upper pitcher,ellipsoidal lower pitcher,inner pitcher wall cavity wholly covered with digestive glands whereas Nepenthes mirabilis have tublose-ventricose upper and lower pitchers,inner pitcher cavity wall of both pitchers partly covered with digestive glands.

关键词： Nepenthes dichotomous key and taxonomy species tropic

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Newton-EGMSOR Methods for Solution of Second Order Two-Point Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2012年第3期2卷 185-190页

作者： jumat Sulaiman Mohd Khatim Hasan Mohamed Othman Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim School of Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu 88400 Sabah Malaysia School of Information Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia Department of Communication Technology and Network Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi Petronas Tronoh 31750 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia

The convergence results of block iterative schemes from the EG （Explicit Group） family have been shown to be one of efficient iterative methods in solving any linear systems generated from approximation equations. Apart from block iterative methods, the formulation of the MSOR （Modified Successive Over-Relaxation） method known as SOR method with red-black ordering strategy by using two accelerated parameters, ω and ω′, has also improved the convergence rate of the standard SOR method. Due to the effectiveness of these iterative methods, the primary goal of this paper is to examine the performance of the EG family without or with accelerated parameters in solving second order two-point nonlinear boundary value problems. In this work, the second order two-point nonlinear boundary value problems need to be discretized by using the second order central difference scheme in constructing a nonlinear finite difference approximation equation. Then this approximation equation leads to a nonlinear system. As well known that to linearize nonlinear systems, the Newton method has been proposed to transform the original system into the form of linear system. In addition to that, the basic formulation and implementation of 2 and 4-point EG iterative methods based on GS （Gauss-Seidel）, SOR and MSOR approaches, namely EGGS, EGSOR and EGMSOR respectively are also presented. Then, combinations between the EG family and Newton scheme are indicated as EGGS-Newton, EGSOR-Newton and EGMSOR-Newton methods respectively. For comparison purpose, several numerical experiments of three problems are conducted in examining the effectiveness of tested methods. Finally, it can be concluded that the 4-point EGMSOR-Newton method is more superior in accelerating the convergence rate compared with the tested methods.

关键词： Explicit group MSOR iteration second order scheme two-point nonlinear boundary value problem.

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Sauna Technique, Drying Kinetic Modeling and Effectiveness on Solar Drying Compared with Direct Drying in Drying Process of <i>Kappaphycus striatum</i>in Selakan Island Malaysia

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Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第9期6卷 303-315页

作者： Majid Khan Majahar Ali Ahmad Fudholi jumat Sulaiman Mohd Hafidz Ruslan Suhaimi Md. Yasir Mathematics with Economics Programme School of Science and Technology University Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia Seaweed Research Unit (UPRL) School of Science and Technology University Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

A sauna drying technique—the solar drier was designed and imposed, constructed and tested for drying of seaweed. The seaweed moisture content was decreased around 50% in 2-day sauna. Kinetic curves of drying of seaweed were known to be used in this system. The non-linear regression procedure was used to fit three different drying models. The models were compared with experimental data of red seaweed being dried on the daily average of air temperature about 40℃. The fit quality of the models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The highest values of R2 (0.99027), the lowest MBE (0.00044) and RMSE (0.03039) indicated that the Page model was the best mathematical model to describe the drying behavior of sauna dried seaweed. The percentage of the saved time using this technique was calculated at 57.9% on the average solar radiation of about 500 W/m2 and air flow rate of 0.056 kg/s.

关键词： Mathematical Modeling Sauna Technique Drying Curve Moisture Content Seaweed Kappaphycus striatum

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