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Potentially harmful metals,and health risk evaluation in groundwater of Mardan,Pakistan:Application of geostatistical approach and geographic information system

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 597-608页

作者： Abdur Rashid muhammad Ayub Asif Javed Sardar Khan Xubo Gao Chengcheng Li Zahid Ullah Tariq Sardar juma muhammad Shahla Nazneen School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074PR China Department of Botany Hazara University 21300 Pakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Bahria University Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Kohat University of Science and TechnologyPakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University SherngalPakistan

This study investigates the values of pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),elevation,oxidative reduction potential(ORP),temperature,and depth,while the concentrations of Br,and potentially harmful metals(PHMs)such as Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe in the groundwater ***,geographic information system(GIS),XLSTAT,and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software were used for spatial distribution modeling,principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis(CA),and Quantile-Quantile(Q-Q)plotting to determine groundwater pollution sources,similarity index,and normal distribution reference line for the selected *** mean values of pH,TDS,elevation,ORP,temperature,depth,and Br were 7.2,322 mg/L,364 m,188 mV,29.6℃,70 m,0.20 mg/L,and PHMs like Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe were 0.38,0.26,0.08,0.27,0.36,0.22,0.04,0.43 and 0.86 mg/L,*** including Cr(89%),Cd(43%),Mn(23%),Pb(79%),Co(20%),and Fe(91%)exceeded the guideline values set by the world health organization(WHO).The significant R^(2)values of PCA for selected parameters were also determined(0.62,0.67,0.78,0.73,0.60,0.87,-0.50,0.69,0.70,0.74,-0.50,0.70,0.67,0.79,0.59,and-0.55,respectively).PCA revealed three geochemical processes such as geogenic,anthropogenic,and reducing *** mineral phases of Cd(OH)_(2),Fe(OH)_(3),FeOOH,Mn_(3)O_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3),MnOOH,Pb(OH)_(2),Mn(OH)_(2),MnO_(2),and Zn(OH)_(2)(-3.7,3.75,9.7,-5.8,8.9,-3.6,2.2,-4.6,-7.7,-0.9,and 0.003,respectively)showed super-saturation and under-saturation *** risk assessment(HRA)values for PHMs were also calculated and the values of hazard quotient(HQ),and hazard indices(HI)for the entire study area were increased in the following order:Cd>Ni>Cu>Pb>Mn>Zn>*** higher HQ and HI values of Ni,Cd,Pb,and Cu were greater than one showing unsuitability of groundwater for domestic,agriculture,and drinking *** long-term ingestion of groundwater could also cause severe health concerns such as kidney,brain dysfunction,liv

关键词： Groundwater Potential harmful metals Health risk indices Cluster analysis Mineral phases

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The Assessment of Carbon Stocks in the Oak Scrub Forest of Sheringal Valley Dir Kohistan

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第5期5卷 510-517页

作者： Alamgir Khan Adnan Ahmad Ziaur Rahman Siraj-ud-Din Rahmatullah Qureshi juma muhammad Department of Forestry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper Pakistan Department of Botany University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan Department of Botany PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper Pakistan

The present study estimates carbon stocks (C-stocks) of the Oak scrub forest of Sheringal valley through field inventory. Stem density (haǃ), tree height (m), basal area (m2·haǃ), stem volume (m2·haǃ), stem biomass (t·haǃ), total biomass (t·haǃ), and total C-stock (t·haǃ), were calculated. Stem density varied between 80±8.16 to 510 ± 42 trees haǃ, with a mean value of 226 ± 7 tress haǃ. The average tree height, basal area and stem volume were 5.47 ± 0.76 m, 12.82 ± 0.25 m2·haǃ and 46.37 ± 0.85 m3·haǃ respectively. The total calculated stem biomass was 32.46 ± 0.60 t·haǃ and total tree biomass was 51.61 ± 0.60 t·haǃ. The calculated C-stocks in the Oak scrub forest ranged from 2.005 ± 1.32 t·haǃ to 63.1 ± 3.34 t·haǃ and the mean C stocks was 25.80 ± 0.47 t·haǃ. The results of the study confirmed that the Oak scrub forest acts as a valuable sink of carbon, but this valuable storage factory of carbon faced the problems of excess uses for fuel wood, forage, domestic uses (mostly for construction) and unscientific management. Proper scientific management and proper utilization of the forest can be significant measures to enhance the potential of the forest to stored and sink more carbon and can be included for CDM and REED++ under Keyto protocol.

关键词： Sheringal Oak Scrub Forest Biomass and Carbon Stocks

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The Effect of Mineral Composition, Microstructure on Physical Properties of Aggregate from River Punjkora and Kunai, Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第4期10卷 127-144页

作者： Aftab Ur Rahman Guangcheng Zhang Asghar Khan juma muhammad Adnan Sohail Habib Ur Rehman Mohit Kumar Puniya Bilal Ashraf Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Department of Geology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Dir Upper Pakistan Department of Environmental Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Dir Upper Pakistan Gem & Jewelry Centre of Excellence UET Peshawar Pakistan National Geotechnical Facility Survey of India Dehradun Uttarakhand India

Aggregate is a worldwide raw material used for various construction purposes which are obtained from geological material through drilling, blasting, mining, and river derived. This study has been focused on river Panjkora and Kunai-derived aggregates which are natural sources of aggregate used for various construction purposes in Dir (Lower). Field observation and detailed petrographic studies of representative samples reveal that rivers Panjkora and Kunai pass from different lithological units of granite, gabbroic, and amphibolite. Petrographically, the granitic rocks of the study area are consisting of alkali feldspar, quartz, and plagioclase feldspar. Minor accessory minerals in granite were hornblende, biotite, epidote, rutile, zircon, and ore minerals. The gabbroic rocks are consisting of pyroxene, plagioclase, and minor to accessory minerals including biotite, sphene, rutile, epidote, and ore minerals. The main mineral phases in amphibolites are hornblende, plagioclase, and a minor amount of quartz, sphene, and ore minerals. Gneissose fabric has developed in amphibolite refers to its banded nature. The minor mineral phases of amphibolite include epidote, ore minerals, and garnet. The feldspar alteration in granite is in the form of sericitization and normal zoning. The physical properties of river Panjkora and Kunai float i.e., water absorption, specific gravity, fine modulus, loss Angeles and soundness were within the range. Both petrographic and geotechnical properties suggested that these aggregates are suitable to be used as coarse aggregate in concrete. These must be present in the recommendation section at the end.

关键词： Petrography Physical Properties Microstructures Aggregate River Dir

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Investigation of the liquid recycle in the reactor cascade of an industrial scale ebullated bed hydrocracking unit

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第2期27卷 298-304页

作者： Eduard Manek juma Haydary Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology

One of the commercial means to convert heavy oil residue is hydrocracking in an ebullated bed. The ebullated bed reactor includes a complex gas–liquid–solid backmixed system which attracts the attention of many scientists and research groups. This work is aimed at the calculation of the internal recycle flow rate and understanding its effect on other parameters of the ebullated bed. Measured data were collected from an industrial scale residual hydrocracking unit consisting of a cascade of three ebullated bed reactors. A simplified block model of the ebullated bed reactors was created in Aspen Plus and fed with measured data. For reaction yield calculation, a lumped kinetic model was used. The model was verified by comparing experimental and calculated distillation curves as well as the calculated and measured reactor inlet temperature. Influence of the feed rate on the recycle ratio(recycle to feed flow rate) was estimated. A relation between the recycle flow rate, pump pressure difference and catalyst inventory has been identified. The recycle ratio also affects the temperature gradient along the reactor cascade. Influence of the recycle ratio on the temperature gradient decreased with the cascade member order.

关键词： Residual hydrocracking Ebullated bed reactor Liquid recycle Aspen Plus Simulation

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Taxonomic studies of Phlebotomus sergenti (parrot) (diptera:psychodidae) and its evolutionary relationship with its closest allies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第3期1卷 13-19页

作者： juma Khan Kakarsulemankhel In-charge of Arthropod Vectors & Helminths Research Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology & Biotechnology(CASVAB)Brewery RoadQuettaPakistan

In the survey,the work was done to develop taxonomic record of sand fly Phlebotomus(paaphlebotomus) sergenti (Parrot) collected for the first time from new epidemic localities of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Dera Ghazi Khan(Pakistan).In view of the published reports about the detection of Leishmania major,the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis from this species in many countries,the correct identification of this species becomes of significant value in the study of epidemiology of ***,in order to facilitate zoologists and medical researchers in its correct identification,taxonomic characters of ***(parrot) is studied in details with special reference to its mouth parts,male and female genitalia.A key is also given to P. sergentii(parrot) and its closest *** this light its relationships with its closest allies is also briefly discussed.

关键词： Sandflies Pakistan

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Energy-Efficient MTC Data Offloading in Wireless Networks Based on K-Means Grouping Technique

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2019年第2期7卷 47-61页

作者： juma Saidi Ally muhammad Asif Qingli Ma Department of Information and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology of China<br/> Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China

Machine-type communication (MTC) devices provide a broad range of data collection especially on the massive data generated environments such as urban, industrials and event-enabled areas. In dense deployments, the data collected at the closest locations between the MTC devices are spatially correlated. In this paper, we propose a k-means grouping technique to combine all MTC devices based on spatially correlated. The MTC devices collect the data on the event-based area and then transmit to the centralized aggregator for processing and computing. With the limitation of computational resources at the centralized aggregator, some grouped MTC devices data offloaded to the nearby base station collocated with the mobile edge-computing server. As a sensing capability adopted on MTC devices, we use a power exponential function model to compute a correlation coefficient existing between the MTC devices. Based on this framework, we compare the energy consumption when all data processed locally at centralized aggregator or offloaded at mobile edge computing server with optimal solution obtained by the brute force method. Then, the simulation results revealed that the proposed k-means grouping technique reduce the energy consumption at centralized aggregator while satisfying the required completion time.

关键词： Machine-Type Communication Correlation Data Offloading Grouping Technique Differential Entropy Power Exponential Function

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Highly efficient and stable organic solar cells with SnO_(2)electron transport layer enabled by UV-curing acrylate oligomers

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 124-131页

作者： Mwende Mbilo Du Hyeon Ryu Seungjin Lee muhammad Haris Julius Mwakondo Mwabora Robinson juma Musembi Hang Ken Lee Sang Kyu Lee Chang Eun Song Won Suk Shin Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nairobi(UoN)P.O.Box 30197-00100NairobiKenya Advanced Energy Materials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology(UST)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The interfaces between the inorganic metal oxide and organic photoactive layer are of outmost importance for efficiency and stability in organic solar cells(OSCs).Tin oxide(SnO_(2))is one of the promising candidates for the electron transport layer(ETL)in high-performance inverted *** a solution-processed SnO_(2)ETL is employed,however,the presence of interfacial defects and suboptimal interfacial contact can lower the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability of ***,highly efficient and stable inverted OSCs by modification of the SnO_(2)surface with ultraviolet(UV)-curable acrylate oligomers(SAR and OCS)are *** highest PCEs of 16.6%and 17.0%are achieved in PM6:Y6-BO OSCs with the SAR and OCS,respectively,outperforming a device with a bare SnO_(2)ETL(PCE 13.8%).The remarkable enhancement of PCEs is attributed to the optimized interfacial contact,leading to mitigated surface *** strikingly,improved light-soaking and thermal stability strongly correlated with the interfacial defects are demonstrated for OSCs based on SnO_(2)/UV cross-linked resins compared to OSCs utilizing bare SnO_(2).We believe that UV cross-linking oligomers will play a key role as interfacial modifiers in the future fabrication of large-area and flexible OSCs with high efficiency and stability.

关键词： Organic solar cells SnO_(2) Surface defects Ultraviolet resins Stability Cross-linking oligomers Non-halogenated solvent

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Exteriorized colon anastomosis for unprepared bowel: An alternative to routine colostomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第23期13卷 3215-3220页

作者： Sami K Asfar Hilal M Al-Sayer Talib H juma Professor and Chairman Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University and Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital Safat-13110 Kuwait Associate Professor Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University and Department of Surgery Ameri Hospital Kuwait Consultant Surgeon Department of Surgery Ameri Hospital Kuwait

AIM: To see the possibility of avoiding routine colostomy in patients presenting with unprepared bowel. METHODS: The cohort is composed of 103 patients, of these, 86 patients presented as emergencies (self- inflected and iatrogenic colon injuries, stab wounds and blast injury of the colon, volvulus sigmoid, obstructing left colon cancer, and strangulated ventral hernia). Another 17 patients were managed electively for other colon pathologies. During laparotomy, the involved segment was resected and the two ends of the colon were brought out via a separate colostomy wound. One layer of interrupted 3/0 silk was used for colon anastomosis. The exteriorized segment was immediately covered with a colostomy bag. Between the 5th and 7th postoperative day, the colon was easily dropped into the peritoneal cavity. The defect in the abdominal wall was closed with interrupted nonabsorbable suture. The skin was left open for secondary closure. RESULTS: The mean hospital stay (± SD) was 11.5 ± 2.6 d (8-20 d). The exteriorized colon was successfully dropped back into the peritoneal cavity in all patients except two. One developed a leak from oesophago- jejunostomy and from the exteriorized colon. She subsequently died of sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF). In a second patient the colon proximal to the exteriorized anastomosis prolapsed and developed severe serositis, an elective ileo-colic anastomosis (to the left colon) was successfully performed. CONCLUSION: Exteriorized colon anastomosis is simple, avoids the inconvenience of colostomy and can be an alternative to routine colostomy. It is suitable where colostomy is socially unacceptable or the facilities and care is not available.

关键词： Colostomy Exteriorized colon Colon injury Colon anastomosis Unprepared colon Obstructing colon cancer Volvulus sigmoid

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Parental Involvement in Children School Learning——The Case of Community Secondary School in Temeke District

Parental Involvement in Children School Learning——The Case...

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作者： Zuhura juma Ally 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

This study examines parental involvement in children school learning in community secondary schools and particularly addresses the questions on the influence of effective parent’s involvement in children’s school learning in community secondary schools in Temeke *** study adopts Epstein’s school-family/community partnerships model that focuses on stakeholder relationships and the influence on children school *** theory assumes that since parents know their children’s educational aspirations and how to drive them to success,schools can decide to make choices that are either positive or negative to children school learning,by either drawing them together or *** study employs qualitative research design,in which data were obtained through in-depth interviews and documentary *** generate the information for the study,54 randomly selected participants were involved in the study and the descriptive statistics was used to assess the influence of parental involvement in children school learning within the study *** findings from the study revealed that 38.3 percent of the respondents reported that,there is high involvement of parents in children school learning while 61.07% reported that the involvement of parents in school learning is small due to economic and social *** study recommends that,since the intellectual development of children depends on the collaboration between community/parents and teachers,special interventions by the government and CSOs are needed to address specific challenges posed by relationship between parents and children in promoting children school learning.

关键词：父母参与学龄儿童学校学习

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Delayed Bleeding of Coronary Artery after Thoracoscopic Intradiaphragmatic Bronchogenic Cyst Resection

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中国肺癌杂志 2018年第8期21卷 649-651页

作者： Yuanda CHENG Yang GAO Abdillah N.juma Chunfang ZHANG Department of Thoracic Surgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China Department of Surgery Kilosa Clinical Officer Training College Morogoro Tanzania

Bronchogenic cyst occurring in the diaphragm is rare and thoracoscopic cyst resection is mainly effective treatment. The coronary artery bleeding after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) has never been described; here we report a case of left coronary artery injury after thoracoscopic itradiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst resection, which may be caused by metallic troca or chest tube.

关键词：肺癌患者临床治疗放射学治疗

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