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For.st Fair. r.ng Fungi Clitocybe nebular.s, Soil Bacillusspp., and Plant Extr.cts Exhibit in Vitr.Antagonism on Dieback Phytophthor.Species

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Natur.l r.sour.es 2013年第2期4卷 189-194页

作者： Cather.ne Hear.t David Nelson Gr.ham McCollum Shekhar.Shar.a juluri r. rao Applied Plant Science Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Gr.svenor.Gr.mmar.School Belfast UK

In vitr. Kir.y-Bauer.disc-diffusion assays coupled with bio-imaging softwar. techniques wer. used to assess native for.st dwelling “fair. r.ng” for.ing fungi (Clitocybe nebular.s) and co-habitant for.st tr.e-r.ot colonising non pathogenic, antibiotic pr.ducing bacter.a (Bacillus lichenifor.is, Bacillus pumilis) for.their.antagonism towar.s Japanese lar.h dieback oomycetes phytopathogens which also affects or.amental alter.ative hosts. The aqueous extr.cts of C. nebular.s exhibited the highest clear.nce (inhibitor.) zone of 21.4 × 105 pixels = 573%) against Phytophthor. r.mor.m than gr.wth/clear.zone Car.esian integr.tes r.cor.ed in untr.ated (contr.l) disc (3.7 × 105 pixels = 100%) over.3-day incubation. The fair. r.ng fungal extr.cts also exhibited substantive antagonism against P. ker.oviae (147%), P. later.lis (347%) and a solanaceous cr.p infecting P. infestans (86%). Quite encour.gingly, the soil oomycete phytopathogen P. r.mor.m was inhibited str.ngly (mean ~ 177%) by both for.st bacilli. Aqueous extr.cts of non-for.st antifungal her.aceous plants (gar.ic and elder.er.y) expr.ssed similar.inhibitor. effects (mean ~ 70%). A seaweed fungal elicitor.component fucoidan showed moder.te levels (mean ~ 85%) of antagonism against P. r.mor.m, P. ker.oviae, P. later.lis and P. infestans. The r.sults in this in vitr. study highlight the intensity and vigor.of antagonistic for.st micr.flor. and non-for.st her.aceous antifungal agents such as gar.ic and other.plant extr.cts as ser.ous candidates for.suppr.ssion of the oomycete Phytophthor. pathogenic fungi in for.st soils. This study calls for.ur.ent scoping and impact assessment studies in pot exper.ments and mini-plot for.st tr.als to gauge the fitness of these natur.l r.sour.es for.field level potential biotechnological applications to combat the devastating dieback disease in the native woodlands and hor.icultur..

关键词： Natur.l For.st r.sour.es Antifungal Extr.cts Clitocybe nebular.s Bacillus lichenifor.is Bacillus pumilis Phytophthor. Species Japanese Lar.h Dieback Disease

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Per.or.ance of Natur.l Antagonists and Commer.ial Micr.biocides towar.s in Vitr.Suppr.ssion of Flower.Bed Soil-Bor.e Fusar.um oxyspor.m

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Advances in Micr.biology 2014年第3期4卷 151-159页

作者： David Nelson Kather.ne Beattie Gr.ham McCollum Tr.vor.Mar.in Shekhar.Shar.a juluri r. rao Plant Health & Envir.nmental Pr.tection Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Plant Health & Envir.nmental Pr.tection Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Str.thear. School Belfast UK

Fusar.um oxyspor.m is the causal agent for.wilt diseases of many major.or.amental and hor.icultur.l cr.ps. In this study, we plated a local cut flower.gr.wer.s soil, with a per.istent histor. of Fusar.um wilt of scented stock, Matthiola incana but not the lettuce r.tational cr.p. This yielded cultur. plates with char.cter.stic pink to car.ine r.d fungi, together.with a mixed bacter.al population, a per.entage of which was visibly antagonistic to the Fusar.um. Using molecular.analyses via Polymer.se Chain r.action (PCr. assays, we identified that Fusar.um oxyspor.m, Fusar.um culmor.m, Fusar.um equiseti and Fusar.um venenatum wer. pr.valent in the soil. The co-habiting bacter.al colonies that exhibited str.ng antagonistic activity (zone of clear.nce) towar.s the soil fungi cor.esponded to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa species. Our.r.sults ar.sing fr.m an in vitr. study involving Kir.y-Bauer.disc-diffusion agar.assays, coupled with bio-imaging softwar. techniques demonstr.ted that the thr.e native soil bacter.a wer. effective inhibitor. of all Fusar.um species tested, while Bacillus subtilis exhibited the highest antagonism towar.s the Fusar.um oxyspor.m. Bioassay tests of micr.-biocides Pr.stop (Gliocadium catenulatum), Ser.nade Max (Bacillus subtilis QST713) and commer.ial seaweed extr.ct, AlgiVyt suppr.ssed in vitr. gr.wth of Fusar.um oxyspor.m infecting the scented stock flower.to a gr.ater.extent, whilst fr.sh aqueous extr.cts of gar.ic (Allium sativum) and meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmar.a) flower. wer. ineffective towar.s soil pathogen suppr.ssion. This scoping study offer. cut flower.gr.wer. additional options of tapping into populations of antagonistic bacter.a found in soil per.istently infected with the oppor.unistic soil phytopathogen Fusar.um oxyspor.m, affecting cut flower.cr.ps, such as M. incana.

关键词： Fusar.um oxyspor.m Cut Flower Wilt Disease Natur.l Antagonistic Bacter.a Bacillus subtilis Natur.l and Commer.ial Plant Extr.cts Micr.biocides

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