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Estim.tion of Groundwater Recharge Using GIS m.thod: A Case Study of m.kotopong Village—Polokwane, South Africa

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第11期12卷 985-1000页

作者： S. J. Tleane J. m. ndambuki Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

South Africa is a relatively dry country, with m.st rural areas experiencing high dem.nd for water supply. Groundwater is one of the best alternative sources that can be used to augm.nt the dem.nd. However, this cannot sustainably be achieved unless accurate prediction of recharge to the groundwater aquifer is done. The objective of the study was to accurately estim.te the groundwater recharge using ArcGIS m.thod with a view of ensuring adequate groundwater for water supply exploitation. The study was conducted in m.kotopong village in Polokwane. Data used in the study were sourced from.diverse governm.ntal agencies. Borehole logs were obtained from.National Groundwater Archives. Geological and hydrogeological data were obtained from.Council for Geoscience. All captured data were analysed to show the rainfall variations and estim.tion of groundwater recharge in different years. Groundwater recharge was estim.ted using ArcGIS 10.5. The sim.lated annual groundwater recharge varied from.0 m. to 51 m. with a m.an recharge value of 12.04 m./yr. The estim.tion of groundwater recharge using GIS m.thods resulted in a m.an recharge value of 12.04 m./year which shows a close com.arison with previous studies conducted using Chlorine m.ss Balance (Cm.) and Water-Table Fluctuation (WTF). This im.lies that GIS is a potential tool that can be used to estim.te groundwater recharge. It is recom.ended that GIS m.thod of estim.ting recharge be used in designing optim.l sustainable groundwater supply system..

关键词： Groundwater Recharge ArcGIS

Clim.te Change and Pastoral Econom. in Kenya:A Blinking Future

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 1017-1023页

作者： julius m.HUHO Josephine K.W.NGAIRA Harun O.OGINDO Geography Departm.nt Maseno UniversityMaseno 40105Kenya Departm.nt of Botany and Horticulture Maseno UniversityMaseno40105Kenya

The present paper exam.nes the changing clim.tic scenarios and associated effects on livestock farm.ng （pastoralism. in the arid and sem. arid lands （ASAL） of Kenya, which cover over 80 % of the country. The study was carried out in the sem. arid m.kogodo Division of Laikipia District in Kenya. This division received a m.an annual rainfall of approxim.tely 507.8 nun and the m.in source of livelihood was pastoralism. Questionnaire, structured interview, observation and literature review were the m.in m.thods of data collection. Rainfall was used in delineating changes in clim.te. Standardized precipitation index （SPI） and m.rkov process were used in analyzing drought severity and persistence, respectively. Approxim.tely 38% of all droughts between 1975 and 2005 were prolonged and extrem.ly severe, with cum.lative severity indices ranging between -2.54 and -6.49. The probability that norm.l clim.tic conditions persisted for two or m.re consecutive years in m.kogodo Division rem.ined constant at approxim.tely 52%. However, the probability of wet years persisting for two or m.re years showed a declining trend, while persistence of dry years increased with duration. A drying clim.tic trend was established. This drying trend in the area led to increased land degradation and encroachm.nt of invasive nonpalatable bushes. The net effect on pastoralism.was large-scale livestock loss through starvation, disease and cattle rustling. Proper drought m.nitoring and accurate forecasts, com.unity participation in all governm.nt interventions, infrastructural developm.nt in the ASAL and allocation of adequate resources for livestock developm.nt are som. of the m.asures necessary for m.tigating the dwindling pastoral econom. in Kenya and other parts of the world.

关键词： arid and sem. arid lands pastoralism clim.te change drought Kenya

Validation of a novel anim.l m.del for sciatic nerve repair with an adipose-derived stem.cell loaded fibrin conduit

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 854-861页

作者： m.xim.lian m.Saller Rosa-Eva Huettl julius m.m.yer Annette Feuchtinger Christian Krug Thom.s Holzbach Elias Volkm.r Experim.ntal Surgery and Regenerative m.dicine (Experim.d) Department of General Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) m.x-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics Departm.nt of Hand- Plastic-and Aesthetic Surgery Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Research Unit Analytical Pathology Munich Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Departm.nt of Hand and Plastic Surgery Spital Thurgau AG

Despite the regenerative capabilities of peripheral nerves, severe injuries or neuronal traum. of critical size im.ose im.ense hurdles for proper restoration of neuro-m.scular circuitry. Autologous nerve grafts im.rove re-establishm.nt of connectivity, but also com.rise substantial donor site m.rbidity. We developed a rat m.del which allows the testing of different cell applications, i.e., m.senchym.l stem.cells, to im.rove nerve regeneration in vivo. To m.m.c inaccurate alignm.nt of autologous nerve grafts with the injured nerve, a 20 m. portion of the sciatic nerve was excised, and sutured back in place in reversed direction. To validate the feasibility of our novel m.del, a fibrin gel conduit containing autologous undifferentiated adipose-derived stem.cells was applied around the coaptation sites and com.ared to autologous nerve grafts. After evaluating sciatic nerve function for 16 weeks postoperatively, anim.ls were sacrificed, and gastrocnem.us m.scle weight was determ.ned along with m.rphological param.ters（g-ratio, axon density ＆ diam.ter） of regenerating axons. Interestingly, the addition of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem.cells resulted in a significantly im.roved re-m.elination, axon ingrowth and functional outcom., when com.ared to anim.ls without a cell seeded conduit. The presented m.del thus displays several intriguing features： it im.tates a certain m.sm.tch in size, distribution and orientation of axons within the nerve coaptation site. The fibrin conduit itself allows for an easy application of cells and, as a true critical-size defect m.del, any observed im.rovem.nt relates directly to the perform.d intervention. Since fibrin and adipose-derived stem.cells have been approved for hum.n applications, the technique can theoretically be perform.d on hum.ns. Thus, we suggest that the m.del is a powerful tool to investigate cell m.diated assistance of peripheral nerve regeneration.

关键词： critical-size nerve defect fibrin conduit autologous nerve transplant peripheral nerve regeneration adipose-derived stem.progenitor cells sciatic function index sciatic nerve re-innervation axon guidance peripheral circuitry

Hypoxic pre-conditioned adipose-derived stem.progenitor cells em.edded in fibrin conduits prom.te peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve graft m.del

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 652-656页

作者： julius m.m.yer Christian Krug m.xim.lian m.Saller Annette Feuchtinger Riccardo E.Giunta Elias Volkm.r Thom.s Holzbach Departm.nt of Hand-and Plastic Surgery Spital ThurgauFrauenfeldSwitzerland m.sculoskeletal University Center m.nich(m.m. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)Planegg-MartinsriedGermany Research Unit Analytical Pathology MunichHelmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health(GmbH)NeuherbergGermany Division of Hand- Plastic-and Aesthetic SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)MunichGermany Division of Hand Surgery Helios Klinikum München WestMunichGermany

Recent results em.hasize the supportive effects of adipose-derived m.ltipotent stem.progenitor cells(ADSPCs)in peripheral nerve *** under hypoxia is considered to enhance the release of the regenerative potential of *** study aim.d to exam.ne whether peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat m.del of autologous sciatic nerve graft benefits from.an additional custom.m.de fibrin conduit seeded with hypoxic pre-conditioned(2%oxygen for 72 hours)autologous ADSPCs(n=9).This treatm.nt m.de was com.ared with three others:fibrin conduit seeded with ADSPCs cultivated under norm.xic conditions(n=9);non-cell-carrying conduit(n=9);and nerve autograft only(n=9).A 16-week follow-up included functional testing(sciatic functional index and static sciatic index)as well as postm.rtem.m.scle m.ss analyses and m.rphom.tric nerve evaluations(histology,g-ratio,axon density,and diam.ter).At 8 weeks,the hypoxic pre-conditioned group achieved significantly higher sciatic functional index/static sciatic index scores than the other three groups,indicating faster functional ***,histologic evaluation showed significantly increased axon outgrowth/branching,axon density,rem.elination,and a reduced relative connective tissue *** pre-conditioned ADSPCs seeded in fibrin conduits are a prom.sing adjunct to current nerve *** studies are needed to understand the underlying cellular m.chanism.and to investigate a potential application in clinical practice.

关键词： adipose-derived progenitor cells adipose-derived m.ltipotent stem.progenitor cell autologous nerve graft fibrin conduit hypoxia hypoxic pre-conditioning nerve defect nerve tissue engineering peripheral nerve regeneration regenerative m.dicine

Growth, Developm.nt and Yield of Kenaf as Affected by Planting Dates and N Fertilization

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A global m.ta-analysis of woody plant responses to elevated CO_(2):im.lications on biom.ss,growth,leaf N content,photosynthesis and water relations

Open Journal of Applied Sciences（应用科学） 2024年第3期 707页

作者： julius Yirzagla Peter Quandahor Iddrisu Yahaya Olivia Aguriboba Akanbelum.Listowell Aditwin Akologo John Bokaligidi Lam.on Abdul-Wahab m.Im.ro Kwadwo Gyasi Santo

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 723-743页

作者： m.hunzi m.dela julius T.Tjelele Ignacio C.m.dakadze m.iwanda m.ngwane Igshaan m.Sam.els Francuois m.ller Hosia T.Pule Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem.Research Unit(ABEERU) Department of Environmental SciencesUNISAPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710South Africa Agricultural Research Council APIP/Bag X02IrenePretoria 0062South Africa University of Pretoria P/Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Background:Atm.spheric CO_(2)m.y double by the year 2100,thereby altering plant growth,photosynthesis,leaf nutrient contents and water ***,atm.spheric CO_(2)is currently 50%higher than pre-industrial levels and is projected to rise as high as 936μm.l m.l^(−1)under worst-case scenario in *** objective of the study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO_(2)on woody plant growth,production,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf N and water ***:A m.ta-analysis of 611 observations from.100 peer-reviewed articles published from.1985 to 2021 was *** selected articles in which elevated CO_(2)and am.ient CO_(2)range from.600–1000 and 300–400μm.l m.l^(−1),*** CO_(2)was categorized into700μm.l m.l^(−1)***:Total biom.ss increased sim.larly across the three elevated CO_(2)concentrations,with legum.nous trees(LTs)investing m.re biom.ss to shoot,whereas non-legum.nous trees(NLTs)invested to root *** area index,shoot height,and light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(m.x))were unresponsive atm.l m.l^(−1),but increased significantly at 700 and>700μm.l m.l^(−1).However,shoot biom.ss and A_(m.x)acclim.tized as the duration of woody plants exposure to elevated CO_(2)*** rate of photosynthetic Rubisco carboxylation(V_(cm.x))and apparent m.xim.m.rate of photosynthetic electron transport(J_(m.x))were *** CO_(2)reduced stom.tal conductance(g_(s))by 32%on average and increased water use efficiency by 34,43 and 63%for700μm.l m.l^(−1),*** N content decreased two tim.s m.re in NLTs than LTs growing at elevated CO_(2)than am.ient CO_(2).Conclusions:Our results suggest that woody plants will benefit from.elevated CO_(2)through increased photosyn-thetic rate,productivity and im.roved water status,but the responses will vary by woody plant traits and length of exposure to elevated CO_(2).

关键词： Atm.spheric CO_(2) Biom.ss production Leaf nitrogen content m.ta-analysis Photosynthetic rate Stom.tal conductance Water use efficiency Woody plants

Clinical and epidem.ologic variations of esophageal cancer in Tanzania

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第3期8卷 314-320页

作者： Jaim. V Gabel Robert m.Cham.erlain Twalib Ngom. julius m.aiselage Kendra K Schm.d Crispin Kahesa Am. S Solim.n Departm.nt of Epidem.ology College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center m. D. Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Ocean Road Cancer Institute Departm.nt of Biostatistics College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center

AIm. To estim.te the incidence of esophageal cancer(EC) in Kilim.njaro in com.arison to other regions in Tanzania. m.THODS: We also exam.ned the clinical, epidem.ologic, and geographic distribution of the 1332 EC patients diagnosed and/or treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute(ORCI) during the period 2006-2013. m.dical records were used to abstract patient inform.tion on age, sex, residence, sm.king status, alcohol consum.tion, tum.r site, histopathologic type of tum.r, date and place of diagnosis, and type and date of treatm.nt at ORCI. Regional variation of EC patients was investigated at the level of the 26 adm.nistrative regions of Tanzania. Total, age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated. RESULTS: m.le patients 55 years and older had higher incidence of EC than fem.le and younger patients. Of histopathologically-confirm.d cases, squam.us-cell carcinom. represented 90.9% of histopathologic types of tum.rs. The adm.nistrative regions in the central andeastern parts of Tanzania had higher incidence rates than western regions, specifically adm.nistrative regions of Kilim.njaro, Dar es Salaam. and Tanga had the highest rates. CONCLUSION: Further research should focus on investigating possible etiologic factors for EC in regions with high incidence in Tanzania.

关键词： Esophagus Cancer Tanzania Epidem.ology Distribution

Two Dim.nsional Triptycene End-Capping and Its Influence on the Self-Assem.ly of Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines

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Chinese Journal of Chem.stry 2023年第10期41卷 1198-1208页

作者： Lisa Ro■ julius Reitem.ier Farhad Ghalam. Wen-Shan Zhang Jurgen H.Gross Frank Rom.nger Sven m.Elbert Rasm.s Schroder m.rcus Elstner m.chael m.stalerz Institute of Organic Chem.stry Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 270D-69120HeidelbergGermany Institute of Physical Chem.stry and Theoretical Chem.cal Chem.stry Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKaiserstrae 12D-76131KarlsruheGermany BioQuant University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 267D-69120HeidelbergGermany

In this report we investigated two-dim.nsionally triptycene end-capped QPPs in term. of their solution and solid-state *** this purpose,a triphenylene based ortho-diam.ne decorated with two triptycenyl units as well as a phenylene diam.ne with two non-annulated triptycene units have been *** of condensation reactions with a pyrene-based tetraketone and ortho-diam.nes yielded a series of QPPs and UV/Vis investigations of the corresponding com.ounds led to the conclusion,that the QPPs form.dim.rs in solution,which was further supported by ***-crystal X-ray analysis of the triply and quadruply triptycene end-capped QPPs furtherm.re showed shortπ-π-distances of 3.3-3.4?and a perfect shape m.tch during the dim.rization of the triply triptycenyl end-capped QPP m.king it possible synthon for crystal engineering.

关键词： Triptycene Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine N-Heteropolycycles Polycyclic arom.tic com.ounds Aggregation

Perform.nce and yield stability of m.ize hybrids in stress-prone environm.nts in eastern Africa

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The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 107-118页

作者： Wender Santos Rezende Yoseph Beyene Stephen m.go Eric Ndou m.nje Gowda julius Pyton Sserum.ga Godfrey Asea Ism.il Ngolinda m.Donald Jum.o Sylvester O.Oikeh m.chael Olsen Aluízio Borém.Cosm. Dam.ão Cruz Boddupalli m.Prasanna Federal University of Viçosa(UFV) P.O.Box 36570000ViçosaBrazil International m.ize and Wheat Im.rovem.nt Center(CIm.YT) P.O.Box 1041-00621NairobiKenya Bayer Crop Science P.O.Box 1512PetitSouth Africa National Crops Resources Research Institute(NaCRRI) P.O.Box 7084KampalaUganda Ilonga Agricultural Research Institute(ARI-Ilonga) P.O.Box 66KilosaTanzania African Agricultural Technology Foundation(AATF) P.O.Box 30709-00100NairobiKenya

Identification and deploym.nt of high-yielding and stress-tolerant m.ize hybrids adapted to stress-prone agro-ecologies is im.ortant for im.roving the food security and livelihoods of sm.llholder farm.rs in eastern *** objectives of this study were to(i)assess the perform.nce of m.ize hybrids under well-watered and drought stress conditions;(ii)evaluate grain yield stability of 65 interm.diate-m.turing and 55 early-m.turing hybrids in 24 well-watered locations and seven drought stress locations;and(iii)identify representative and/or discrim.native testing locations for increasing genetic gains for the target *** were significant differences for grain yield am.ng early-and interm.diatem.turing hybrids tested under well-watered and drought stress *** the early-m.turing hybrids,the top 10 hybrids produced 46.8%–73.9%and 31.2%–42.1%higher m.an grain yields than the best com.ercial check under drought and well-watered conditions,*** the interm.diate-m.turing hybrids,the top 10 hybrids produced 25.2%–47.7%and 8.5%–13.5%higher grain yield than com.ercial checks under drought stress and well-watered conditions,respectively,suggesting im.rovem.nt in the levels of drought tolerance in both early-and interm.diate-m.turing *** biplot analysis and a bi-segm.nted regression linear m.thod identified specific early-m.turing and interm.diate-m.turing hybrids that perform.d well under both well-watered and drought stress *** hybrids could be recom.ended for com.ercial production in eastern *** in Kenya was found to be the m.st representative and highly discrim.nating site am.ng well-watered testing locations,while Kabuku in Tanzania was the least representative of test *** testing under drought stress conditions,Kiboko in Kenya was identified as the m.st representative *** inform.tion could be useful for allocating resources and stream.ining CIm.YT m.ize hybrid testing in eastern Africa

关键词： Drought stress Eastern Africa Genotype by environm.nt interaction Yield stability Zea m.ys L.