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Assessm.nt of Clim.te Change’s Im.acts on River Flows in the Songwe Sub-Basin

Open Journal of m.dern Hydrology 2023年第2期13卷 141-164页

作者： Lupakisyo G. m.alwiba Gislar E. Kifanyi Edm.nd m.tayoba julius m. ndambuki Nyem. Chilagane College of Engineering and Technology Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania Departm.nt of Irrigation and Water Supply Engineering Water Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania

River flow in the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to alter due to clim.te change, which would have an im.act on aquatic habitats, infrastructure, and people’s way of life. Therefore, the influence of clim.te change should be taken into account when m.king decisions about the sustainable m.nagem.nt of water resources in the sub-basin. This study looked into how river discharge would react to clim.te change in the future. By contrasting hydrological characteristics sim.lated under historical clim.te (1981-2010) with projected clim.te (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) under two em.ssion scenarios, the effects of clim.te change on river flow were evaluated (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). The ensem.le average of four CORDEX regional clim.te m.dels was built to address the issue of uncertainty introduced by the clim.te m.dels. The SWAT m.del was force-calibrated using the results from.the generated ensem.le average for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 em.ssion scenarios in order to m.m.c the river flow during past (1981-2010) and future (2011-2100) events. The increase in river flows for the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to be largest during the rainy season by both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Under RCP 8.5, the abrupt decrease in river flow is anticipated to reach its m.xim.m.in m.rch 2037, when the discharge will be 44.84 m.sup>3/sec, and in m.rch 2027, when the discharge will be 48 m.sup>3/sec. The extrem. surge in river flow will peak, according to the RCA4, in February 2023, in April 2083 under RCP 4.5, and, according to the CCLm. and RCA4, in Novem.er 2027 and Novem.er 2046, respectively. The expected decrease and increase in river flow throughout both the dry and wet seasons m.y have an im.act on the m.nagem.nt of the sub-water basin’s resources, biodiversity, and hydraulic structures. The right adaptations and m.tigation strategies should be adopted in order to lessen the negative consequences of clim.te change on precipitation, tem.erature, and river flow in t

关键词： Clim.te Change Clim.te m.dels Songwe River Sub-Basin River Flow SWAT

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Stochastic m.delling of Great Letaba River Flow Process

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Journal of Geoscience and Environm.nt Protection 2019年第6期7卷 42-54页

作者： Gislar E. Kifanyi julius m. ndambuki Sam.el N. Odai Charles Gyam.i Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Regional Water and Environm.ntal Sanitation Center Kumasi Ghana

A stochastic approach is presented in view that a tim. series m.delling is achieved through an Autoregressive m.ving Average (ARm.) m.del. The applicability of the ARm. m.del is then further presented using the Great Letaba River as a case study. River flow discharge for 25 years (1989-2014) for the Great Letaba River was obtained from.the Departm.nt of Water and Sanitation, South Africa and analysed by Autoregressive (AR), Autoregressive m.ving Average (ARm.) and Autoregressive Integrated m.ving Average (ARIm.) m.dels. m.nte Carlo sim.lation approach was used to generate forecasts of the ARIm. error m.del for the next 25 years. Initial m.del identification was done using the Autocorrelation function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation function (PACF). The m.del analysis and evaluations provided proper predictions of the river system. The m.dels revealed som. degree of correlation and seasonality behaviour with decreasing river flow. Hence, in conclusion, the Great Letaba River flow has shown a decreasing trend and therefore, should be effectively used for sustainable future developm.nt.

关键词： m.delling Great Letaba River South Africa Stochastic Flow Process

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A cross-sectional analysis of the effectiveness of a nutritional support program.e for people with tuberculosis in Southern m.dagascar using secondary data from.a non-governm.ntal organisation

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 101-102页

作者： m.ra Anna Franke julius Valentin Em.rich Fierenantsoa Ranjaharinony Onja GbrilleRavololohanitra Harizaka Em.anuel Andriam.sy Sam.el Knauss Nadine m.ller Global Digital Health Lab at Charité Center for Global Health Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany London School of Hygiene and Tropical m.dicine London UK Ärzte Für m.dagaskar E.V. Leipzig Germany Heidelberg Institute of Global Health Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsm.dizin Berlin Berlin Germany Doctors for m.dagascar Antananarivo Madagascar Speciality Network: Infectious Diseases and Respiratory m.dicine Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany

Background There is a strong,bi-directional link between tuberculosis(TB)and undernutrition:TB often causes undernutrition,and undernourished people are m.re likely to contract TB and experience worse ***,several TB nutritional support program.es exist;however,evidence on their effectiveness is lim.ted and *** study evaluates the effect of a nutritional support program.e im.lem.nted for people with TB in the Atsim.-Andrefana region,m.dagascar in *** this program.e,undernourished people with TB[with a body m.ss index(Bm.)ofm.receive 0.6 L of vegetable oil and 6.0 kg of a soy-wheat blend per m.nth throughout their TB *** We analysed secondary non-governm.ntal organisation data collected between January and Novem.ber 2022 in the Atsim.-Andrefana region,Southern m.dagascar,including inform.tion on an individual's m.dical conditions(e.g.,type of TB,treatm.nt outcom.s)and nutritional status m.asured prior to,during,and after com.le-tion of treatm.nt(e.g.,height,weight,m.d-upper arm.circum.erence).We conducted descriptive analyses of patient baseline characteristics and outcom.s to assess the im.act of the provided nutritional support on the Bm. of people With *** A total of 1310 people with TB were included in the study[9.9%(130)children under the age of 5,32.1%(420)children between 5 and 18 years,58.0%(760)adults].55.4% of children under 5,28.1% of children between ages 5 and 18,and 81.3%of adults were undernourished at treatm.nt initiation.42.3%(55/130)of children under 5 experi-enced severe acute m.lnutrition at treatm.nt *** the average Bm. of adults with TB receiving food support increased over tim.,from.17.1 kg/m.(2)(interquartile range:15.8-18.3,range:10.3-22.5)to 17.9 kg/m.(2)(interquartile range:16.6-19.1,range:11.9-24.1),m.st adults rem.ined undernourished even after com.leting TB *** The current TB nutritional support program.e falls short of sufficiently increasing the Bm

关键词： Tuberculosis Sub-Saharan Africa Undernutrition Nutritional support

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Growth, Developm.nt and Yield of Kenaf as Affected by Planting Dates and N Fertilization

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 707-720页

作者： julius Yirzagla Peter Quandahor Iddrisu Yahaya Olivia Aguriboba Akanbelum.Listowell Aditwin Akologo John Bokaligidi Lam.on Abdul-Wahab m. Im.ro Kwadwo Gyasi Santo CSIR-SARI Nyankpala Ghana St Vincent College of Education Yendi Ghana Gbewaah College of Education Pusiga-Bawku Ghana CSIR-Head Office Accra Ghana C.K. Tedam.University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L) consists of various beneficial com.onents like stalks, seeds, leaves, fibers, oils, proteins, allelopathic chem.cals, and fiber strands, am.ng other things. Despite the num.rous uses of the crop, there is little or no inform.tion on optim.m.agronom.c practices such as planting date and N fertilization of the crop in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana where the crop is widely cultivated by sm.llholder farm.rs. Field experim.nts were therefore carried out in 2020 and repeated during the 2021 cropping season in the study area. The objective of the study was to determ.ne appropriate planting date and N fertilization for increased kenaf productivity. In each year, the treatm.nts consisted of 3 × 5 factorial com.inations of three planting dates (1st July, 7th July and 14th July) and five levels of N (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg/ha) replicated three tim.s. The design of the experim.nt was a split-plot with the N fertilizer as the m.in plot and the planting date assigned to sub plot. The results showed that, planting kenaf in early (1st) July or N fertilization at the rate of 60 kg/ha increased plant density, stem.height, stem.diam.ter, dry bast and core yields in both cropping seasons.

关键词： Growth Fibres Bast Yield Core Yield

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Highly efficient and stable organic solar cells with SnO_(2)electron transport layer enabled by UV-curing acrylate oligom.rs

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第5期92卷 124-131页

作者： m.ende m.ilo Du Hyeon Ryu Seungjin Lee m.ham.ad Haris julius m.akondo m.abora Robinson Jum. m.sem.i Hang Ken Lee Sang Kyu Lee Chang Eun Song Won Suk Shin Departm.nt of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nairobi(UoN)P.O.Box 30197-00100NairobiKenya Advanced Energy m.terials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea Advanced m.terials and Chem.cal Engineering University of Science and Technology(UST)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The interfaces between the inorganic m.tal oxide and organic photoactive layer are of outm.st im.ortance for efficiency and stability in organic solar cells(OSCs).Tin oxide(SnO_(2))is one of the prom.sing candidates for the electron transport layer(ETL)in high-perform.nce inverted *** a solution-processed SnO_(2)ETL is em.loyed,however,the presence of interfacial defects and suboptim.l interfacial contact can lower the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability of ***,highly efficient and stable inverted OSCs by m.dification of the SnO_(2)surface with ultraviolet(UV)-curable acrylate oligom.rs(SAR and OCS)are *** highest PCEs of 16.6%and 17.0%are achieved in Pm.:Y6-BO OSCs with the SAR and OCS,respectively,outperform.ng a device with a bare SnO_(2)ETL(PCE 13.8%).The rem.rkable enhancem.nt of PCEs is attributed to the optim.zed interfacial contact,leading to m.tigated surface *** strikingly,im.roved light-soaking and therm.l stability strongly correlated with the interfacial defects are dem.nstrated for OSCs based on SnO_(2)/UV cross-linked resins com.ared to OSCs utilizing bare SnO_(2).We believe that UV cross-linking oligom.rs will play a key role as interfacial m.difiers in the future fabrication of large-area and flexible OSCs with high efficiency and stability.

关键词： Organic solar cells SnO_(2) Surface defects Ultraviolet resins Stability Cross-linking oligom.rs Non-halogenated solvent

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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Im.lem.ntation of Water Quality m.nitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： m.chael Habtu m.rk Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid m. Noor Joel m.tyandia m.li Alan m.ika julius Wekesa Ahm.d Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim.Ahm.d Nadhir Om.r m.rtins C. Livinus Abdourahm.ne Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A m.lti-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach em.hasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) cam.aign was em.loyed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily im.acted by cholera were system.tically m.pped and tested for m.crobiological quality. The quality assessm.nt was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 sam.les were collected and tested for therm.tolerant coliform. and other in situ param.ters. The finding revealed that m.re than 87% of the sam.les did not m.et the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for therm.tolerant coliform.;and 30% had turbidity values above the recom.ended threshold values. None of the 109 sam.les had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county governm.nt im.lem.nted the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive im.act in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality m.nitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH com.odities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatm.nt Kenya

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Prevalence of Work-Aggravated Asthm. am.ng Bakery Workers in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)

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Health 2024年第3期16卷 204-217页

作者： Loukou Leandre Konan Esm. m.rie Laure Essis Brou m.chel Kouassi m.rius Kedote julius Fobil William.Yavo Ossey Bernard Yapo Issaka Tiem.re National Institute of Public Health Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Interuniversity Doctoral Program Cotonou Benin m.dical Sciences Training and Research Unit Department of Public Health and Biostatistics Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Global Environm.ntal Occupational Health (GEOHealth) Accra Ghana UFR of Pharm.ceutical and Biological Sciences Department of Public Health Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny University Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Work-aggravated asthm. is pre-existing or concom.tant asthm. whose sym.tom. are aggravated by the work environm.nt. The aim.of this study was to determ.ne the prevalence of this pathology and its associated factors am.ng bakery workers in Abidjan. m.terials and m.thods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four (4) m.nths from.18 Decem.er 2019 to 18 April 2020. Two questionnaires were used, one on em.loyees and the other on the indoor environm.nt of bakeries. In addition, a spirom.try test was perform.d on all bakery workers. Statistical analysis was perform.d using stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 599 bakery em.loyees, including bakers (59.73%), sales assistants/ cashiers (23.52%), cleaners (6.34%) and adm.nistrative staff (10.18%), were investigated. The m.an age was 30.8 ± 8 years, with a sex ratio (m.F) = 2.2. Asthm. sym.tom. were found in 95 (15.86%) em.loyees, of whom.74 (77.9%) had work-related asthm. and 11 (14.9%) had asthm. aggravated by work. The factors associated with work-aggravated asthm. were personal or fam.ly history of allergy or atopy [ORa = 3.75;CI95%: 1.56 - 8.93;p = 0.003], exposure to dust [ORa = 5.01;CI95%: 1.43 - 7.50;p = 0.011] and hum.dity level (60% - 70%) [ORa = 1.80;CI 95%: 0.99 - 3.28;p = 0.05]. Conclusion: Work-aggravated asthm. is a reality in bakeries in Abidjan, with an estim.ted prevalence of 14.9%. Two of the three factors associated with this condition suggest a link with indoor air pollution. Com.ating air pollution in these establishm.nts m.st therefore be a priority for the relevant authorities, in order to provide em.loyees with a working environm.nt that protects their health.

关键词： Work-Aggravated Asthm. Occupational Asthm. Work-Related Asthm. Bakeries Abidjan Ivory Coast

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Hypoxic pre-conditioned adipose-derived stem.progenitor cells em.edded in fibrin conduits prom.te peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve graft m.del

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 652-656页

作者： julius m.m.yer Christian Krug m.xim.lian m.Saller Annette Feuchtinger Riccardo E.Giunta Elias Volkm.r Thom.s Holzbach Departm.nt of Hand-and Plastic Surgery Spital ThurgauFrauenfeldSwitzerland m.sculoskeletal University Center m.nich(m.m. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)Planegg-MartinsriedGermany Research Unit Analytical Pathology MunichHelmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health(GmbH)NeuherbergGermany Division of Hand- Plastic-and Aesthetic SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)MunichGermany Division of Hand Surgery Helios Klinikum München WestMunichGermany

Recent results em.hasize the supportive effects of adipose-derived m.ltipotent stem.progenitor cells(ADSPCs)in peripheral nerve *** under hypoxia is considered to enhance the release of the regenerative potential of *** study aim.d to exam.ne whether peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat m.del of autologous sciatic nerve graft benefits from.an additional custom.m.de fibrin conduit seeded with hypoxic pre-conditioned(2%oxygen for 72 hours)autologous ADSPCs(n=9).This treatm.nt m.de was com.ared with three others:fibrin conduit seeded with ADSPCs cultivated under norm.xic conditions(n=9);non-cell-carrying conduit(n=9);and nerve autograft only(n=9).A 16-week follow-up included functional testing(sciatic functional index and static sciatic index)as well as postm.rtem.m.scle m.ss analyses and m.rphom.tric nerve evaluations(histology,g-ratio,axon density,and diam.ter).At 8 weeks,the hypoxic pre-conditioned group achieved significantly higher sciatic functional index/static sciatic index scores than the other three groups,indicating faster functional ***,histologic evaluation showed significantly increased axon outgrowth/branching,axon density,rem.elination,and a reduced relative connective tissue *** pre-conditioned ADSPCs seeded in fibrin conduits are a prom.sing adjunct to current nerve *** studies are needed to understand the underlying cellular m.chanism.and to investigate a potential application in clinical practice.

关键词： adipose-derived progenitor cells adipose-derived m.ltipotent stem.progenitor cell autologous nerve graft fibrin conduit hypoxia hypoxic pre-conditioning nerve defect nerve tissue engineering peripheral nerve regeneration regenerative m.dicine

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Application of SWAT m.del to the Olifants Basin: Calibration, Validation and Uncertainty Analysis

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第3期8卷 397-410页

作者： Charles Gyam.i julius m.syoka ndambuki Ram.dhan Wanjala Salim Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa School of Bio-Resources Engineering Anglican University College of Technology Nkoranza Ghana

The application of the Soil and Water Assessm.nt Tool (SWAT) to the Olifants Basin in South Africa was the focus of our study with em.hasis on calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis. The Basin was discretized into 23 sub-basins and 226 Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) using 3 arc second (90 m.× 90 m. pixel resolution SRTm.DEm.with stream.gauge B7H015 as the Basin outlet. Observed stream.flow data at B7H015 were used for m.del calibration (1988-2001) and validation (2002-2013) using the split sam.le approach. Relative global sensitivity analysis using SUFI-2 algorithm.was used to determ.ne sensitive param.ters to stream.flow for calibration of the m.del. Perform.nce efficiency of the Olifants SWAT m.del was assessed using Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE), coefficient of determ.nation (R2), Percent Bias (PBIAS) and Root m.an Square Error-Observation Standard deviation Ratio (RSR). Sensitivity analysis revealed in decreasing order of significance, runoff curve num.er (CN2), alpha bank factor (ALPHA_BNK), soil evaporation com.ensation factor (ESCO), soil available water capacity (SOIL_AWC, m. H2O/m. soil), groundwater delay (GW_ DELAY, days) and groundwater “revap” coefficient (GW_REVAP) to be the m.st sensitive param.ters to stream.flow. Analysis of the m.del during the calibration period gave the following statistics;NSE = 0.88;R2 = 0.89;PBIAS = -11.49%;RSR = 0.34. On the other hand, statistics during the validation period were NSE = 0.67;R2 = 0.79;PBIAS = -20.69%;RSR = 0.57. The observed statistics indicate the applicability of the SWAT m.del in sim.lating the hydrology of the Olifants Basin and therefore can be used as a Decision Support Tool (DST) by water m.nagers and other relevant decisions m.king bodies to influence policy directions on the m.nagem.nt of watershed processes especially water resources.

关键词： Calibration Validation Uncertainty Analysis Olifants Basin SWAT m.del

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A global m.ta-analysis of woody plant responses to elevated CO_(2):im.lications on biom.ss,growth,leaf N content,photosynthesis and water relations

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 723-743页

作者： m.hunzi m.dela julius T.Tjelele Ignacio C.m.dakadze m.iwanda m.ngwane Igshaan m.Sam.els Francuois m.ller Hosia T.Pule Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem.Research Unit(ABEERU) Department of Environmental SciencesUNISAPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710South Africa Agricultural Research Council APIP/Bag X02IrenePretoria 0062South Africa University of Pretoria P/Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Background:Atm.spheric CO_(2)m.y double by the year 2100,thereby altering plant growth,photosynthesis,leaf nutrient contents and water ***,atm.spheric CO_(2)is currently 50%higher than pre-industrial levels and is projected to rise as high as 936μm.l m.l^(−1)under worst-case scenario in *** objective of the study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO_(2)on woody plant growth,production,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf N and water ***:A m.ta-analysis of 611 observations from.100 peer-reviewed articles published from.1985 to 2021 was *** selected articles in which elevated CO_(2)and am.ient CO_(2)range from.600–1000 and 300–400μm.l m.l^(−1),*** CO_(2)was categorized into700μm.l m.l^(−1)***:Total biom.ss increased sim.larly across the three elevated CO_(2)concentrations,with legum.nous trees(LTs)investing m.re biom.ss to shoot,whereas non-legum.nous trees(NLTs)invested to root *** area index,shoot height,and light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(m.x))were unresponsive atm.l m.l^(−1),but increased significantly at 700 and>700μm.l m.l^(−1).However,shoot biom.ss and A_(m.x)acclim.tized as the duration of woody plants exposure to elevated CO_(2)*** rate of photosynthetic Rubisco carboxylation(V_(cm.x))and apparent m.xim.m.rate of photosynthetic electron transport(J_(m.x))were *** CO_(2)reduced stom.tal conductance(g_(s))by 32%on average and increased water use efficiency by 34,43 and 63%for700μm.l m.l^(−1),*** N content decreased two tim.s m.re in NLTs than LTs growing at elevated CO_(2)than am.ient CO_(2).Conclusions:Our results suggest that woody plants will benefit from.elevated CO_(2)through increased photosyn-thetic rate,productivity and im.roved water status,but the responses will vary by woody plant traits and length of exposure to elevated CO_(2).

关键词： Atm.spheric CO_(2) Biom.ss production Leaf nitrogen content m.ta-analysis Photosynthetic rate Stom.tal conductance Water use efficiency Woody plants

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