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Effects of Contractual Savings Scheme on Slovak National Economy

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014年第10期8卷 1266-1273页

作者： julius golej miroslav panik Institute of Management Slovak University of Technology Bratislava 81243 Slovak Republic

Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.

关键词： National economy contractual savings scheme multiplier effect housing sector housing financing.

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Improved specimen adequacy using jumbo biopsy forceps in patients with Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第17期21卷 5328-5335页

作者： Jan Martinek Jana Maluskova Magdalena Stefanova Inna Tuckova Stepan Suchanek Zuzana Vackova Jana Krajciova Marek Kollar miroslav Zavoral julius Spicak Department of Hepatogastroenterology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine14021 PragueCzech Republic Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava70103 OstravaCzech Republic Department of Pathology IKEM14021 PragueCzech Republic Department of Internal Medicine Hospital "Na Frantisku"11000 PragueCzech Republic Department of Pathology Central Military Hospital16902 PragueCzech Republic Department of Medicine Charles UniversityMilitary University Hospital16902 PragueCzech Republic

AIM:To assess the sampling quality of four different forceps(three large capacity and one jumbo) in patients with Barrett's ***:This was a prospective,single-blind study.A total of 37 patients with Barrett's esophagus were *** or random biopsies with all four forceps were obtained from each patient using a diagnostic endoscope during a single *** following forceps were tested:A:FB-220 K disposable large capacity;B:BI01-D3-23 reusable large capacity;C:GBF-02-23-180 disposable large capacity;and jumbo:disposable Radial Jaw 4 *** primary outcome measurement was specimen adequacy,defined as a well-oriented biopsy sample 2 mm or greater with the presence of muscularis ***:A total of 436 biopsy samples were *** found a significantly higher proportion of adequate biopsy samples with jumbo forceps(71%)(P < 0.001 vs forceps A:26%,forceps B:17%,and forceps C:18%).Biopsies with jumbo forceps had the largest diameter(median 2.4 mm)(P < 0.001 vs forceps A:2 mm,forceps B:1.6 mm,and forceps C:2mm).There was a trend for higher diagnostic yield per biopsy with jumbo forceps(forceps A:0.20,forceps B:0.22,forceps C:0.27,and jumbo:0.28).No complications related to specimen sampling were observed with any of the four tested ***:Jumbo biopsy forceps,when used with a diagnostic endoscope,provide more adequate specimens as compared to large-capacity forceps in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Barrett's esophagusrelatedneoplasia Biopsy forceps Jumbo forceps Specimen adequacy

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Sporocyst Excystation Structures and the Phylogeny of Coccidia - Looking for Autapomorphy Defining Higher Taxa

Sporocyst Excystation Structures and the Phylogeny of Coccid...

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12th International Congress of Protozoology

作者： David Modr■ miroslav Oborník Milan Jirk■ Milo■ Jirk■ Jana Kopená julius Luke Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of BiologyUniversity of South Bohemiaeské BudějoviceCzech Republic Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of BiologyUniversity of South Bohemiaeské BudějoviceCzech Republic Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of BiologyUniversity of South Bohemiaeské BudějoviceCzech Republic Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of BiologyUniversity of South Bohemiaeské BudějoviceCzech Republic

＜正＞The existence of many higher taxa within the phylum Apicomplexa is based on "classical" classification （= outdated taxonomic rules, historical data and a handful of morphological features）. As a result, these taxa are frequently incongruent with the 18S rRNA-based phylogenies. This is most evident for the families of the Eimeriorina, where many genera are polyphyletic, defined on the basis of homoplasy rather than synapomorphy/autapomorphy. Although the differences between morphology- and sequence-based phylogenetic inferrence have been repeatedly addressed, several inconsistencies persist. Additional

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