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An improved theoretical formulation for Sauter mean diameter of pressure-swirl atomizers using geometrical parameters of atomization

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Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第2期11卷 240-252页

作者： julio R.Ronceros Rivas Amilcar Porto Pimenta Jusceline Sumara Lessa Gustavo A.Ronceros Rivas Department of Mechatronics Engineering of Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas(UPC) Campus MonterricoAv.Prolongación Primavera 2390SurcoLimaLima 33Peru Department of Propulsion and Energy of Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica(ITA) Comando Geral de Tecnologia AeroespacialPraça Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50Vila das AcaciasSão Josédos CamposSP 12228900Brazil Interdisciplinary Master and Doctoral Degrees in Energy and Sustainability(PPGIES)of Federal University of Latin American Integration(UNILA) Foz do IguaçuParaná85867900Brazil

This study discusses the development of a mathematical model that is capable ofpredicting the drop size mean diameter of the spray generated by a pressure swirl atomizer,considering the effects of the liquid’s viscosity and the geometrical parameters of this typeof injector, as well as the angle of incidence of the inlet channels (j and b) and atomizationparameters (k, 8), obtained from hyperbolic relations. Additionally, this model investigatesthe phenomena of rupture and stability that are observed in the conical liquid film, in whichthe importance of a new geometrical parameter of atomization, “8”, which immediately influences the drop size diameter of the spray, should be highlighted. The results that are obtainedusing this model are compared with analytical results of Couto, Wang and Lefebvre, Jasuja,Radcliffe and Lefebvre, experimental results and numerics (Hollow cone atomization model),using the Ansys Fluent software for the validation and consistency of the model proposed in Rivas (2015). This model yields good approximations as compared to that yielded using otheralternative mathematical models, demonstrating that the new atomization geometric parameter“8” is an “adjustment” factor that exhibits considerable significance while designing pressureswirl atomizers according to the required SMD. Furthermore, this model is easy to use, withreliable results, and has the advantage of saving computational time.

关键词： Atomization mathematical model Drop size mean diameter Pressure-swirl atomizer Atomization geometric parameter 8 Half spray angle Helix angle

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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第3期6卷 210-224页

作者： Sridhar BHAVANI David PHODSON julio HUERTA-ESPINO Mandeep SRANDHAWA Ravi PSINGH International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco56237Mexico Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Chapingo56230Mexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ICRAF CampusNairobi00100Kenya

Races belonging to the Ug99(TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa,Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat *** rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times.A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat *** TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in *** research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance genes and gene combinations for use in *** multiple adult plant resistance(APR) genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of *** gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes,complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

关键词： adult plant resistance black rust race-specific resistance Triticum aestivum

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Deposition of carbon nanotubes onto glass fibers using ultrasound standing waves

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2021年第3期15卷 471-475页

作者： julio Alejandro RODRÍGUEZ-GONZÁLEZ Carlos RUBIO-GONZÁLEZ Alfonso PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ Centro de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Industrial Departamento de EnergíaAv.Pie de la Cuesta#702Col.Desarrollo San PabloC.P.76125QuerétaroQroMexico

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are special types of carbon nanostructures with exceptional physical and mechanical properties such as high elastic modulus,high electrical and thermal conductivities,as well as high surface area and large aspect ratios[1].Given their tubular structure and size,CNTs are conceptualized as one-dimensional nanostructures with a crystalline structure of carbon sp2 hybridization formed by carbon–carbon covalent bonds[1].

关键词： carbon fibers exceptional

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Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 255-261页

作者： Ravi Prakash Singh Sybil Herrera-Foessel julio Huerta-Espino Sukhwinder Singh Sridhar Bhavani Caixia Lan Bhoja Raj Basnet CIMMYT Apdo.Postal 6-641Mexico DF 06600Mexico INIFAP-CEVAMEX Apdo.Postal 10Chapingo 56230Mexico CIMMYT ICRAF BuildingNairobi 00621Kenya

Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance （APR） based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in ＂near-immunity＂ or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico （leaf rust and yellow rust） and Kenya （Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust） to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability o

关键词： Triticum aestivum Puccinia graminis Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis genetics breeding wheat rustresistance

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3-Phase hierarchical graphene-based epoxy nanocomposite laminates for automotive applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第10期35卷 2169-2177页

作者： Ahmed Elmarakbi Panagiotis Karagiannidis Alessandra Ciappa Franco Innocente Francesco Galise Brunetto Martorana Francesco Bertocchi Francesco Cristiano Elvira Villaro Abalos julio Gomez Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleNE18STUnited Kingdom School of Engineering Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of SunderlandSunderlandSR6 ODDUnited Kingdom Delta-Tech S.pA. localita Rifoglieto 60/a-int.155011AltopascioLUItaly Fiat Research Center via ex Aeroporto80038 Pomigliano d'ArcoNaplesItaly Nanesa srl.Via Del Gavardello 59/c 52100 ArezzoARItaly Instituto de Tecnologfas Quimicas Emergences de La Rioja Antonio de Nebrija826006 LogronoSpain Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L Avda.Lentiscares 4-626370 NavarreteSpain

Two different types of graphene flakes were produced following solution processing methods and dispersed using shear mixing in a bifunctional(A) and a multifunctional(B) epoxy resin at a concentration of 0.8 and 0.6 wt%, respectively. The graphene/epoxy resin mixtures were used to impregnate unidirectional carbon fibre tapes. These prepregs were stacked(seven plies) and cured to produce *** interlaminar fracture toughness(mode-I) of the carbon fiber/graphene epoxy laminates with resin B showed over 56% improvement compared with the laminate without graphene. Single lap joints were prepared using the laminates as adherents and polyurethane adhesives(Sika 7666 and Sika 7888). The addition of graphene improved considerably the adhesion strength from 3.3 to 21 MPa(sample prepared with resin A and Sika 7888) highlighting the potential of graphene as a secondary filler in carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites.

关键词： Graphene Carbon fibre reinforced polymer(CFRP) Fracture toughness Shear lap joints

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Complex patterns of environmental niche evolution in Iberian columbines (genus Aquilegia, ranunculaceae)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 457-467页

作者： Rafael Jaime julio M.Alcántara Jesús M.Bastida Pedro J.Rey Departamento de Biología Animal Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de JaénCampus Las Lagunillass/n.Jaén E-23071Spain

Aims This study explores the patterns of niche differentiation in a group of seven closely related columbines(genus Aquilegia,ranunculaceae)from the Iberian *** of these columbines are subject to complex patterns of divergent selection across environ-ments,which partly explain the taxonomic structure of the *** suggests the hypothesis that niche divergence must have occurred along the process of diversification of the *** We used maxEnt to build environmental niche models of seven subspecies belonging to the three species of Aquilegia present in the Iberian *** these models,we compared the envi-ronmental niches through two different approaches:ENmtools and multivariate *** FindingsmaxEnt distributions conformed closely to the actual distribution of the study *** methods failed to uncover any clear patterns of niche differentiation or conservatism in Iberian *** analyses indicate the existence of dif-ferentiation along altitudinal gradients and along a gradient of climatic conditions determined by the summer precipitation and ***,climatic conditions related to winter tem-perature and precipitation,as well as soil properties,were equally likely to show conservatism or *** complex patterns of niche evolution we found suggest that Iberian Columbines have not been significantly constrained by forces of niche conservatism,so they could respond adaptively to the fast and profound climate changes in the Iberian Peninsula through the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene.

关键词： Aquilegia ecological niche modelling niche divergence niche conservatism evolution maxEnt ENmTools

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The Pendulum of Dynamic Interactions

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2015年第9期3卷 1186-1198页

作者： julio Cano Lacunza Advanced Dynamics CB Madrid Spain

In this paper, we present evidence to show that the dynamics of rigid solid bodies is not a closed discipline, particularly in the field of rotational dynamics. From the observation of bodies with intrinsic rotation in our universe, our research group proposes new dynamic hypotheses that explain the behaviour observed when these bodies are subject to new simultaneous non-coaxial rotations. A new gyroscopic conical pendulum was designed for this purpose. Experimental tests initially conducted with this new gyroscopic conical pendulum were repeated for their recording on video, which accompanied this paper for better understanding thereof. These experimental tests positively confirm the new Theory of Dynamic Interactions, and its dynamic laws, which help us to understand the behaviour of this pendulum and, in general, that of the baryonic mass when it is subject to non-coaxial simultaneous rotations. It thus provides a better understanding of the nature and the dynamic behaviour of our universe.

关键词： Theory of Dynamic Interactions Rotating Bodies Non-Coaxial Spins Dynamic Interactions

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Growth plasticity of conifers did not avoid declining resilience to soil and atmospheric droughts during the 20th century

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第2期10卷 238-251页

作者： Tong Zheng Jordi Martínez-Vilalta Raúl García-Valdés Antonio Gazol J.julio Camarero Changcheng Mu Maurizio Mencuccini Northeast Forestry University Harbin150040China CREAF E08193 Bellaterra(Cerdanyola del Vallès)CataloniaSpain Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona E08193 Bellaterra(Cerdanyola del Vallès)CataloniaSpain Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya(CTFC) E-25280SolsonaSpain Department of Biology GeologyPhysics and Inorganic ChemistryRey Juan Carlos University28933MóstolesMadridSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia(IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza50059Spain ICREA 08010BarcelonaSpain

Background:Plasticity in response to environmental drivers can help trees cope with ***,our understanding of the importance of plasticity and physiological adjustments in trees under global change is ***:We used the International Tree-Ring Data Bank(ITRDB)to examine 20th century growth responses in conifer trees during(resistance)and following(resilience)years of severe soil and atmospheric droughts occurring in isolation or as compound *** resilience indices were calculated using observed growth divided by expected growth to avoid spurious correlations,in which the expected values were obtained by the autoregressive moving average(ARIMA)*** used high atmospheric vapour pressure deficit(VPD)to select years of atmospheric drought and low annual values of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)to select years with soil *** acquired the sensitivities(i.e.,the slopes of the relationships)by fitting the resilience indices as a function of environmental drivers,and assessed how these sensitivities changed over time for different types of drought events using linear mixed *** also checked whether plasticity in growth responses was sufficient to prevent long-term trends of growth reductions during or after severe *** acknowledge that by focusing on the response of surviving trees from the ITRDB we are potentially biasing our results towards higher resilience,as stand level responses(e.g.,mortality)may result in lowered competition after the disturbance ***:Sensitivities of resilience to VPD and SPEI changed throughout the 20th century,with the directions of these changes often reversing in the second half of the *** the 1961–2010 period,changing sensitivities had positive effects on resilience,especially following years of high-VPD and compound events,avoiding growth losses that would have occurred if sensitivities had remained *** sensitivity changes,resilience

关键词： Tree rings Growth Drought Vapor pressure deficit Plasticity Acclimation

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Luminal oxidants selectively modulate electrogenic ion transport in rat colon

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5523-5527页

作者： julio M Mayol Yolanda Adame-Navarrete Pilar Alarma-Estrany Elena Molina-Roldan Fernando Huete-Toral Jesus A Fernandez-Represa Servicio De Cirugia I Hospital Clinico San Carlos Universidad Complutense De Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain

AIM： To investigate the effects of luminal exposure to H2O2 and two related thiol oxidizing agents on basal and stimulated chloride secretion in native colon using electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches. METHODS： Unstripped rat distal colon segments were mounted in Ussing chambers. Potential difference, calculated resistance and short-circuit current across unstripped colon segments were monitored with a dual voltage/current clamp. Paracellular permeability was assessed by measuring the mucosa-to-serosa flux of a fluorescent probe （FITC）. RESULTS： Luminal exposure to hydrogen peroxide transitorily stimulated chloride secretion without altering barrier function. This stimulatory effect could be blocked by basolateral atropine but not indomethacin. The cysteine and methionine oxidizing compounds, phenylarsine oxide and chloramine T respectively, mimicked the effect of H2O2, except for a drop in transcolonic resistance after 30 min. In contrast to the observed stimulatory effect on basal secretion, cAMP-stimulated electrogenic ion transport was blunted by luminal H2O2. However, the Ca^2＋- activated response remained unchanged. CONCLUSION： H2O2 may be an important selective modulator of intestinal ion and water secretion in certain pathologic conditions such as inflammation or ischemiareperfusion by multiple mechanisms.

关键词： Chloride secretion Ion transport Rat distal colon Hydrogen peroxide Acetylcholine Atropine

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NTR/NRX Define a New Thioredoxin System in the Nucleus of Arabidopsis thaliana Cells

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 30-44页

作者： Corinne Marchal Valerie Delorme-Hinoux Laetitia Bariat Wafi Siala Christophe Belin julio Saez-Vasquez Christophe Riondet Jean-Philippe Reichheld Universite Perpignan Via Domitia CNRS Laboratoire Genome et Developpement des Plantes UMR 5096 58 Avenue Paul Alduy-Bat T F-66860 Perpignan France Pharmacologie cellulaire et moleculaire Louvain Drug Research Institute Universite catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium

Thioredoxins （TRX） are key components of cellular redox balance, regulating many target proteins through thiol/disulfide exchange reactions. In higher plants, TRX constitute a complex multigenic family whose members have been found in almost all cellular compartments. Although chloroplastic and cytosolic TRX systems have been largely studied, the presence of a nuclear TRX system has been elusive for a long time. Nucleoredoxins （NRX） are potential nuclear TRX found in most eukaryotic organisms. In contrast to mammals, which harbor a unique NRX, angiosperms gen- erally possess multiple NRX organized in three subfamilies. Here, we show thatArabidopsis thaliana has two NRXgenes （AtNRX1 and AtNRX2）, respectively, belonging to subgroups I and III. While NRX1 harbors typical TRX active sites （WCG/ PPC）, NRX2 has atypical active sites （WCRPC and WCPPF）. Nevertheless, both NRXl and NRX2 have disulfide reduction capacities, although NRX1 alone can be reduced by the thioredoxin reductase NTRA. We also show that both NRX1 and NRX2 have a dual nuclear/cytosolic localization. Interestingly, we found that NTRA, previously identified as a cytosolic protein, is also partially localized in the nucleus, suggesting that a complete TRX system is functional in the nucleus. We show that NRX1 is mainly found as a dimer in vivo. nrxl and nrx2 knockout mutant plants exhibit no phenotypic perturbations under standard growth conditions. However, the nrxl mutant shows a reduced pollen fertility phenotype, suggesting a specific role of NRX1 at the haploid phase.

关键词： thioredoxin nucleoredoxin nucleus Arabidopsis.

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