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Role of immunomodulatory probiotics in alleviating bacterial diarrhea in piglets:a systematic review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第6期15卷 2175-2199页

作者： Sudeb Saha Fu Namai Keita Nishiyama julio villena Haruki Kitazawa Food and Feed Immunology Group Laboratory of Animal Food FunctionGraduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai 980‑8572Japan Department of Dairy Science Faculty of VeterinaryAnimal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet 3100Bangladesh Livestock Immunology Unit International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology(CFAI)Tohoku UniversitySendai 980‑8572Japan Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology Reference Centre for Lactobacilli(CERELA-CONICET)4000 TucumanCPArgentina

Diarrhea is a common enteric disease in piglets that leads to high mortality and economic losses in swine production *** are commonly used to prevent or treat diarrhea in ***,irrational antibiotic use contributes to the development of resistance in bacteria and antibiotic residues in animal products,threatening public health,while causing gut microbiota dysbiosis and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in ***,the quest for alternative products(such as probiotics,prebiotics,organic acids,enzymes;essential oils,medium-chain fatty acids,zinc,and plant extracts)has recently been clearly emphasized through the increase in regulations regarding antibiotic use in livestock *** antibiotic alternatives could lower the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and meet consumer demand for antibiotic-free *** antibiotic alternatives have been proposed,including immunomodulatory probiotics,as candidates to reduce the need for antimicrobial *** studies have revealed that probiotics can avert and cure bacterial diarrhea by regulating the gut function and immune system of *** this review,we focus on the major pathogenic bacteria causing piglet diarrhear the research sta of using probiotics to prevent and treat diarrhea,their possible mechanisms,and the safety issues related to the use of *** with probiotics is a possible alternative to antibiotics for the prevention or treatment of bacterial diarrhea in ***,probiotics exe rt beneficial effects on feed efficiency and growth performance of ***,appropriate selection and strategies for the use of probiotics may have a positive effect on growth performance and also reduce diarrhea in *** review provides useful information on probiotics for researchers,pig nutritionists,and the additive industry to support their use against bacterial,diarrhea in piglets.

关键词： Clostridium Diarrhea E.coli Immunomodulatory effect Piglets Probiotics

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Dietary Supplementation with Probiotic Strain Improves Immune-Health in Aged Mice

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Open Journal of Immunology 2016年第3期6卷 73-78页

作者： Verónica Molina Marta Médici julio villena Graciela Font María Pía Taranto CERELA—Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CONICET) Chacabuco No. 145 (T4000ILC) San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina

Ageing is associated with several anatomical and physiological changes of the organism, and the increase in global elderly population promotes the research to develop strategies to improve their quality of life. In this work, we characterized the immunological alterations naturally produced during aging in a mice model, and evaluated the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus CRL1505 administration on those immunological parameters. We demonstrated that L. rhamosus CRL1505 was able to improve peritoneal macrophages phagocytic activity, and the number of intestinal IgA+ cells in aged mice, reaching values of those parameters similar to young adult mice. The results of this work indicate that is plausible that the immunobiotic CRL1505 strain may find applications as a beneficial immunomodulator in aging to reinforce the intestinal and systemic immunity. The immune modulation in aging induced by L. rhamnosus CRL1505 could lead to the development of new strategies for functional foods specifically tailored for the elderly.

关键词： Aging Inmunobiotic Immunosenescence L. rhamnosus CRL1505 1.

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Evaluation of the Immunoregulatory Capacities of Feed Microbial Materials in Porcine Intestinal Immune and Epithelial Cells

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第3期4卷 15-28页

作者： Naosuke Kumagae julio villena Yohsuke Tomosada Hisakazu Kobayashi Paulraj Kanmani Hisashi Aso Takashi Sasaki Motohiko Yoshida Hiroshi Tanabe Isao Shibata Tadao Saito Haruki Kitazawa Cell Biology Laboratory Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Tokyo Japan Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET) Tucuman Argentina Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan

The establishment of drug-free feeding systems has been required for secure and healthy livestock production. Although functional feed materials containing microorganisms as alternatives to enhance intestinal immunity are expected to be beneficial for reducing diarrhoea caused by pathogens in weaned piglets, the effects of such materials on porcine intestinal cells have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this work evaluated the immunoregulatory functions of microbial feed materials in porcine intestinal immune and epithelial cells. Porcine immune cells isolated from Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were stimulated with six different feed materials containing microorganisms, and evaluated for lymphocyte mitogenicity and cytokine inductions. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with the materials before treatment with heat-killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and analyzed for the proinflammatory cytokine expressions. The material containing Bifidobacterium thermophilum significantly augmented lymphocytes’ mitogenicity and also induced a high expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ in immune cells, and inhibited ETEC-induced overexpression of IL-6 and IL-8 via regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. These results suggest that this feed material stimulates intestinal epithelial and immune cells to exert immunoregulation, suggesting that this feed is expected to contribute to promoting the health of piglets without using antimicrobial feed materials.

关键词： Feed Microbial Material Immunoregulatory Effect Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes Porcine Immune Cells

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Bifidobacteria Upregulate Expression of Toll-Like Receptor Negative Regulators Counteracting Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>Mediated Inflammation in Bovine Intestinal Epitheliocytes

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第2期3卷 143-155页

作者： Kozue Murata julio villena Yohsuke Tomosada Risa Hara Eriko Chiba Tomoyuki Shimazu Hisashi Aso Yoshihito Suda Noriyuki Iwabuchi Jin-Zhong Xiao Tadao Saito Haruki Kitazawa Food and Feed Immunology Group Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan

We previously established a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) and showed that BIE cells are useful in vitro model system for the study of interactions between pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms and bovine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In the present study, we aimed to select potential immunomodulatory bifidobacteria that may be used to beneficially modulate the inflammatory response in bovine IECs. We also aimed to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria by evaluating the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR negative regulators in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines production and MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K pathways activation in BIE cells. Five bifidobacteria strains were evaluated in this study and according to their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response of BIE cells. Despite the unique effect of each strain, four common points were found when comparing the effect of the high and moderate anti-inflammatory strains: 1) Upregulation of TLR negative regulators and the intensity of that upregulation was related to the different immunomodulatory capacity of each bifidobacteria strain;2) The balance between MAPK activation and MKP-1 upregulation affected the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria in BIE cells;3) The inhibition of PI3K pathway was related to the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria;4) The immunoregulatory effect of bifidobacteria in BIE cells is partially dependent on TLR2. This study shows that BIE cells can be used for the selection of immunoregulatory bifidobacteria and for studying the mechanisms involved in the protective activity of immunobiotics against TLR4-induced inflammatory damage. In addition, we have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria was achieved by a complex interaction of multiple TLRs negative regulators as well as the inhibition/activation of multiple signaling pathways.

关键词： Bovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells Bifidobacteria ETEC TLRs Negative Regulators

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Alterations of Blood Immune Cells in Elderly Patients with COVID-19 and with or without Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes

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Open Journal of Immunology 2022年第2期12卷 41-63页

作者： Susana Salva Yanina Kolling Nicolás Argañaraz María Pía Rocchia Novillo María del Milagro Rocchia Novillo Leonardo Albarracin Jacqueline Charubi Alejandra Casen Nadia Gobbato Mirta Rachid Susana Alvarez Haruki Kitazawa julio villena Juan Carlos Valdez Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET) Tucuman Argentina Laboratory of Immunology Faculty of Biochemistry Chemistry and Pharmacy National University of Tucuman Tucuman Argentina Hospital Centro de Salud “Zenon Santillan” Tucuman Argentina Instituto de Maternidad “Ntra. Sra. De las Mercedes” Tucuman Argentina Food and Feed Immunology Group Laboratory of Animal Food Function Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan Livestock Immunology Unit International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI) Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Elderly individuals, especially those with pre-existing conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have a high risk for developing severe cases of COVID-19. The aim of this work was to characterize the alterations of blood immune cells (BIC) in patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, ≥60 years and who needed hospitalization in the Centro de Salud Hospital of Tucuman, Argentina, during the second peak of the pandemic in Argentina. Ten patients were enrolled from December 2020 to May 2021. Blood samples were taken at the time of admission (day 0) and five days after (day 5) for routine laboratory tests and the characterization of BIC by flow cytometry. Most of the patients were men (70%) aged between 60 and 78 years. The 70% of patients had T2DM while 50% had arterial hypertension. At day 0, all the patients had increased neutrophils and inflammatory markers (C reactive protein and D-dimers) and reduced numbers of lymphocytes, HLA-DRhi monocytes, CD16+CD56+ NK cells, CD3+HLA−DR+CD25+ cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood. Patients received a standard treatment for COVID-19 care (O2, corticosteroids and antibiotics). The hospital treatment normalized the levels of BIC (day 5) in 30% of patients who were those with no comorbidities. In patients with T2DM, BIC recovery was variable. In T2DM patients who required administration of plasma (30%), prolonged O2 therapy (40%) or referral to the intensive care unit (10%) significant reductions of CD16+CD56+, CD3+HLA−DR+CD25+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were observed between days 0 and 5. In line with previous studies, our results show that absolute counts of major lymphocyte subsets in blood are significantly and substantially decreased during the course of severe COVID-19 disease

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Diabetes Elderly Blood Leukocytes Immune Response

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Exploring the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide 1agonists in metabolic disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第4期31卷 169-175页

作者： Adrián Cortés-Martín julio Plaza-Diaz Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group Sport and Health University Research InstituteUniversity of GranadaGranada 18016AndalusiaSpain School of Health Sciences Universidad Internacional de La RiojaLogroño 26006La RiojaSpain

This article comments on the work by Soresi and *** authors have stated that one of the most novel and promising treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists,especially when used in combination ***,despite their notable efficacy,these drugs were not initially designed to target MASLD *** a groundbreaking development,the Food and Drug Administration has recently approved resmetirom,the first treatment specifically aimed at reducing liver fibrosis in metabolic-associated ***,an orally administered,liver-directed thyroid hormone beta-selective agonist,acts directly on intrahepatic pathways,enhancing its therapeutic potential and marking the beginning of a new era in the treatment of ***,the integration of lifestyle modifications into liver disease management is an essential component that should be considered and *** incorporating dietary changes and regular physical exercise into treatment,patients may achieve improved outcomes,reducing the need for pharmacological interventions and/or improving treatment *** a complement to medical therapies,lifestyle factors should not be overlooked in the broader strategy for managing MASLD.

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists Liver diseases Metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease Metabolic health Pharmacotherapy Diet Gut microbiome Physical exercise Lifestyle Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Dynamic Violation of Bell’s Inequalities in the Angular Momentum Representation

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Journal of Modern Physics 2025年第1期16卷 228-247页

作者： julio Alberto López-Saldívar Octavio Castaños Sergio Cordero Ramón López-Peña Eduardo Nahmad-Achar Russian Quantum Center Moscow Russia Laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies National University of Science and Technology MISIS Moscow Russia Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Mexico City Mexico

A parametrization of density matrices of ddimensions in terms of the raising J+and lowering J−angular momentum operators is established together with an implicit connection with the generalized Bloch-GellMann parameters. A general expression for the density matrix of the composite system of angular momenta j1and j2is obtained. In this matrix representation violations of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequalities are established for the X-states of a qubit-qubit, pure and mixed, composite system, as well as for a qubit-qutrit density matrix. In both cases maximal violation of the Bell inequalities can be reached, i.e., the Cirel’son limit. A correlation between the entanglement measure and a strong violation of the Bell factor is also given. For the qubit-qutrit composite system a time-dependent convex combination of the density matrix of the eigenstates of a two-particle Hamiltonian system is used to determine periodic maximal violations of the Bell’s inequality.

关键词： Density Matrix Angular Momentum Bell Inequality Entanglement

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Variations in Atmospheric Electromagnetism and Their Impacts on Mortality Rates in the Southern and Northeastern Regions of Brazil

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 248-274页

作者： Rose Ane Pereira de Freitas julio Renato Quevedo Marques Reynerth Pereira da Costa Júlia Alves Menezes Isabela de Brito Ferreira Rhavena Barbosa dos Santos Ulisses Eugenio Cavalcanti Confalonieri Department of Meteorology Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil National Observatory (ON) Ministry of Science Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory of Analysis and Development of Indicators for Sustainability (LADIS) Division of Impacts Adaptation and Vulnerability (DIIAV) National Institute for Space Research (INPE) So Jos dos Campos Brazil Department of Parasitology Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Nursing and Medicine Federal University of Viosa (UFV) Viosa Brazil Department of Food Technology Federal Fluminense University (UFF) and Rene Rachou Institute Fiocruz Belo Horizonte Brazil

This study examines the relationship between geomagnetic indices and mortality rates from specific diseases in the Northeast (NE) and Southern (S) regions of Brazil from 1996 to 2020. Solar activity data, including the Ap and Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) indices, were sourced from the World Data Center, while mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM-DATASUS). Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) emerged as the leading cause of mortality, with average death rates of 60.4, 56.8, and 58.3 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in Pernambuco (PE), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and Paraná (PR), respectively. Temporal analysis revealed a consistent upward trend in AMI mortality across most states, except for Santa Catarina (SC). Seasonal patterns identified through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that geomagnetic and climatic indices influenced mortality differently across regions and seasons. The Ap geomagnetic index was strongly correlated with higher AMI mortality rates during summer, while the SID index showed greater relevance during winter. A dipole phenomenon was observed, with AMI deaths increasing alongside geomagnetic activity in the S region but showing an inverse relationship in the NE region. These findings highlight the significant influence of geomagnetic variations on public health, particularly cardiovascular mortality. The study underscores the need for further research into the biological mechanisms underlying these associations and recommends the development of early warning systems and targeted preventive measures to mitigate the potential health impacts of geomagnetic disturbances, especially for vulnerable populations.

关键词： Solar Activity Cardiovascular Mortality Geomagnetic Disturbances

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Prefoldins 3 and 5 Play an Essential Role in Arabidopsis Tolerance to Salt Stress

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 526-534页

作者： Miguel A. Rodriguez-Milla julio Salinas Departamento de Biologfa de Plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain

During the last years, our understanding of the mechanisms that control plant response to salt stress has been steadily progressing. Pharmacological studies have allowed the suggestion that the cytoskeleton may be involved in regulating such a response. Nevertheless, genetic evidence establishing that the cytoskeleton has a role in plant tolerance to salt stress has not been reported yet. Here, we have characterized Arabidopsis T-DNA mutants for genes encoding proteins orthologous to prefoldin （PFD） subunits 3 and 5 from yeast and mammals. In these organisms, PFD subunits, also known as Genes Involved in Microtubule biogenesis （GIM）, form a heterohexameric PFD complex implicated in tubulin and actin folding. We show that, indeed, PFD3 and PFD5 can substitute for the loss of their yeast orthologs, as they are able to complement yeast gim2Δ and gim5Δ mutants, respectively. Our results indicate that pfd3 and pfd5 mutants have reduced levels of α- and β-tubulin compared to the wild-type plants when growing under both control and salt-stress conditions. In addition, pfd3 and pfd5 mutants display alterations in their developmental patterns and microtubule organization, and, more importantly, are hypersensitive to high concentrations of NaCl but not of LiCl or mannitol. These results demonstrate that the cytoskeleton plays an essential role in plant tolerance to salt stress.

关键词： Prefoldins cytoskeleton tubulin actin microtubule salt tolerance Arabidopsis

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Linear OPF-based Robust Dynamic Operating Envelopes with Uncertainties in Unbalanced Distribution Networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第4期12卷 1320-1326页

作者： Bin Liu julio H.Braslavsky Nariman Mahdavi Energy Centre Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Newcastle 2300Australia the Network Planning Division TransgridSydney 2000Australia the Energy Systems Program Energy CentreCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Newcastle 2300Australia

Dynamic operating envelopes(DOEs),as key enablers to facilitate distributed energy resource(DER)integration,have attracted increasing attention in the past ***,uncertainties,which may come from load forecasting errors or inaccurate network parameters,have been rarely discussed in DOE calculation,leading to compromised quality of the hosting capacity allocation *** letter studies how to calculate DOEs that are immune to such uncertainties based on a linearised unbalanced three-phase optimal power flow(UTOPF)*** uncertain parameters constrained by norm balls,formulations for calculating robust DOEs(RDOEs)are presented along with discussions on their *** cases,including a 2-bus illustrative network and a representative Australian network,are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

关键词： Distributed energy resource(DER) dynamic operating envelope(DOE) feasible region robust optimisation uncertainty modelling unbalanced optimal power flow

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