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Three co-located resistance genes confer resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in wheat variety Borlaug 100

The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 490-497页

作者： Bowei Ye Ravi P.Singh Chan Yuan Demei Liu Mandeep S.Randhawa julio huerta-espino Sridhar Bhavani Evans Lagudah Caixia Lan College of Plant Science&Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Apdo.Postal 6-64106600 Mexico D.F.Mexico Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXining 810008QinghaiChina Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Apdo.Postal 1056230ChapingoEdo.de MexicoMexico CSIRO Agriculture&Food GPO Box 1600CanberraACT 2601Australia

Leaf rust(LR) and stripe rust(YR) are important diseases in wheat producing areas worldwide and cause severe yield losses under favorable environmental conditions when susceptible varieties are grown. We determined the genetic basis of resistance to LR and YR in variety Borlaug 100 by developing and phenotyping a population of 198 F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross with the susceptible parent Apav#1. LR and YR phenotyping were conducted for 4 and 3 seasons, respectively, at CIMMYT research stations in Mexico under artificial epidemics. Mendelian segregation analyses indicated that 3–5 LR and 2 YR genes conferred resistance in Borlaug 100. Lr46/Yr29(1 BL), Yr17(2 AS) and Yr30(3 BS) were present in the resistant parent and segregated in the RIL population based on characterization by molecular markers linked to these genes. When present alone, Lr46/Yr29 caused average 13% and 16% reductions in LR and YR severities, respectively, in RILs. Similarly, Yr17 and Yr30 reduced YR severities by 57% and 11%, respectively. The Yr30 and the Yr17 translocation were also associated with 27% and 14% reductions, respectively, in LR severity, indicating that the 3 BS and 2 AS chromosomal regions likely carry new slow rusting LR resistance genes, temporarily designated as Lr B1 and Lr B2, respectively. Additive effects of Yr30*Yr17, Yr29*Yr17 and Yr29*Yr30 on YR and LR were significant and reduced YR severities by 56%,55%, and 45%, respectively, and LR severities by 34%, 40%, and 45%, respectively. Furthermore, interaction between the three genes was also significant, with mean reductions of 70% for YR and 54% for LR severities. Borlaug 100, or any one of the 21 lines with variable agronomic traits but carrying all three colocated resistance loci, can be used as resistance sources in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Co-located resistance loci Common wheat Gene interaction Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis Triticum aestivum

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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第3期6卷 210-224页

作者： Sridhar BHAVANI David PHODSON julio huerta-espino Mandeep SRANDHAWA Ravi PSINGH International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco56237Mexico Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Chapingo56230Mexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ICRAF CampusNairobi00100Kenya

Races belonging to the Ug99(TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa,Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat *** rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times.A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat *** TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in *** research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance genes and gene combinations for use in *** multiple adult plant resistance(APR) genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of *** gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes,complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

关键词： adult plant resistance black rust race-specific resistance Triticum aestivum

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Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 255-261页

作者： Ravi Prakash Singh Sybil Herrera-Foessel julio huerta-espino Sukhwinder Singh Sridhar Bhavani Caixia Lan Bhoja Raj Basnet CIMMYT Apdo.Postal 6-641Mexico DF 06600Mexico INIFAP-CEVAMEX Apdo.Postal 10Chapingo 56230Mexico CIMMYT ICRAF BuildingNairobi 00621Kenya

Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance （APR） based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in ＂near-immunity＂ or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico （leaf rust and yellow rust） and Kenya （Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust） to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability o

关键词： Triticum aestivum Puccinia graminis Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis genetics breeding wheat rustresistance

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普通小麦成株抗叶锈病和条锈病的全基因组定位

普通小麦成株抗叶锈病和条锈病的全基因组定位

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第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者：袁婵 Ravi Singh julio huerta-espino 兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP

小麦叶锈病和条锈病分别是由气传真菌Puccinia triticina (Pt)和*** (Pst)引起的两种常见病害,显著影响着全球小麦总产量。培育抗性小麦品种是控制这两种病害的最有效、经济途径之一。由国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的普通小麦品系... 详细信息

小麦叶锈病和条锈病分别是由气传真菌Puccinia triticina (Pt)和*** (Pst)引起的两种常见病害,显著影响着全球小麦总产量。培育抗性小麦品种是控制这两种病害的最有效、经济途径之一。由国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的普通小麦品系ATTILA/3BCN2//BAV92/3/KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE (简称ABKWD)在苗期感病,而成株期严重度接近于0。我们利用ABKWD与锈病高感品系APAV#1杂交,构建含有142个家系构成的F重组自交系(RIL)群体,在2016年到2018年期间,该群体分别在墨西哥的Obregon基地进行三年叶锈病田间表型鉴定,而条锈病则在墨西哥的Toluca和肯尼亚基地分别进行三年成株抗性鉴定。利用genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)和成株抗性基因已知分子标记对该群体进行基因型分析,共计获得4298个多态性分子标记并用于遗传连锁图谱构建。利用IciMapping 4.1共计终检测到3个叶锈病抗性位点,即***-1BL、***-3DS和***7BL;5个条锈病抗性位点***-1BL、***-2AL、***-4BL、***-5AL和***-7DS。其中,***-1BL和***-1BL两个位点位于同一位置,可能与已报道的成株抗性基因Lr46/Yr29一样。紧密连锁标记cs7BLNLRR验证了***-7BL很可能是已报道的成株抗性基因Lr68。通过与已定名基因或QTL的比较,推测***-3DS、***-2AL、***-4BL、***-5AL和***-7DS可能是5个新的抗性QTL,其相关的侧翼标记部分可应用于小麦抗锈病分子育种中。

关键词：小麦叶锈病条锈病成株抗性 QTL

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CIMMYT小麦品种Borlaug 100条锈病和叶锈病成株抗性基因发掘

CIMMYT小麦品种Borlaug 100条锈病和叶锈病成株抗性基因发掘

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第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者：叶博伟 Ravi Singh julio huerta-espino 兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP

小麦条锈病和叶锈病是世界上小麦生产国的重要病害。其病原菌分布广,流行快,变异频、引起产量损失大。发掘新的条锈病和叶锈病抗源,培育具有广谱、持久抗性小麦新品种,是育种家的主要育种目标之一。本研究利用来自国际玉米小麦改良中心(... 详细信息

小麦条锈病和叶锈病是世界上小麦生产国的重要病害。其病原菌分布广,流行快,变异频、引起产量损失大。发掘新的条锈病和叶锈病抗源,培育具有广谱、持久抗性小麦新品种,是育种家的主要育种目标之一。本研究利用来自国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的感病品系Apav#1与抗病品种Borlaug 100杂交获得198个F6代重组自交系,该群体在墨西哥分别对条锈病和叶锈病进行两年三点的田间表型鉴定。利用传统遗传学方法对该群体分析显示,叶锈病抗性受3-5个基因所调控,条锈病抗性由2个成株抗性基因控制。利用已知成株抗性基因的有效分子标记分别对亲本和整个群体进行基因型检测,发掘该群体含有已知抗条锈病基因Yr17、Yr29和Yr30,抗叶锈病基因为Lr46。多因素方差分析显示,当抗条锈病基因Yr17、Yr29和Yr30单独存在时,分别平均降低条锈病严重度42%,14%和9%,当RIL同时聚合两个基因如Yr29Yr30,Yr29Yr17,Yr30Yr17时,显著降低严重度33%,40%和42%,当三个基因同时存在一个家系时,其病害严重度在3个环境下均值为3%(近免疫抗性水平),与两个基因组合均达到极显著差异;叶锈病抗性基因Lr46存在时,降低叶锈病严重度14%。本研究共计获得15个家系同时聚合3个条锈病基因和1个叶锈病基因供育种家培育持久小麦抗病品种为中间材料。

关键词：小麦条锈病叶锈病成株抗性基因

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硬粒小麦Planeta叶锈病成株抗性位点的发掘

硬粒小麦Planeta叶锈病成株抗性位点的发掘

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第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者：李志康 Ravi Singh julio huerta-espino 兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP

小麦叶锈病是由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)引起的一种真菌性病害,是硬粒小麦的主要病害之一。利用成株抗性基因培育持久抗性品种是控制叶锈病的重要措施之一。发掘硬粒小麦叶锈病成株抗性基因,对选育持久抗叶锈病的硬粒小麦至关重... 详细信息

小麦叶锈病是由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)引起的一种真菌性病害,是硬粒小麦的主要病害之一。利用成株抗性基因培育持久抗性品种是控制叶锈病的重要措施之一。发掘硬粒小麦叶锈病成株抗性基因,对选育持久抗叶锈病的硬粒小麦至关重要。国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的硬粒小麦品种Planeta在苗期表现为感病,成株期严重度在10%以内,为典型的叶锈病成株抗性品种。利用Planeta与感病品种Atil C2000杂交,获得195个Fs重组近交系(RILs)群体。该群体分别于2006、2007和2016年在墨西哥Ciudad Obregon进行田间表型鉴定。使用Illumina ischosen 90K单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP)对该群体及亲本进行基因分析,共获得4373个多态性标记用于遗传作图。利用完完备区间作图法分别在1BC、2BL、4BS和6BL染色体上检测到4个显著的数量性状位点、(QTL),分别命名为***-1BC,***-2BL,***-4BS,***-6BL,可解释的表型变异分别为4.5%-6.5%,16.2%-24.2%,7.0%-9.2%和15.9%-21.4%。其中位于1BL染色体上位点可能为已知抗性基因Lr46,其它三个位点可能是新位点。这四个抗性位点均来自抗病亲本Planeta,其连锁分子标记有待于进一步转化成KASP标记并验证其有效性,最终供育种家应用。

关键词：硬粒小麦叶锈病成株抗性 QTL

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Encroachment drives facilitation at alpine shrublines

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 62-72页

作者： Yafeng Wang Eryuan Liang J.julio Camarero College of Ecology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza50080Spain

Ongoing encroachment is driving recent alpine shrubline dynamics globally,but the role of shrub-shrub interactions in shaping shrublines and their relationships with stem density changes remain poorly ***,the size and age of shrubs from 26 Salix shrubline populations along a 900-km latitudinal gradient(30°-38°N)were measured and mapped across the eastern Tibetan *** pattern analyses were used to quantify the spatial distribution patterns of juveniles and adults,and to assess spatial associations between *** intensity of univariate and bivariate spatial patterns was related to biotic and abiotic *** mark correlation functions with a quantitative mark(shrub height,basal stem diameter,crown width)were also employed to investigate the spatial relationships between shrub traits of juveniles and *** equation models were used to explore the relationships among conspecific interactions,patterns,shrub traits and recruitment dynamics under climate *** shrublines showed clustered patterns,suggesting the existence of conspecific *** patterns of juveniles and conspecific interactions(potentially facilitation)tended to intensify with increasing soil moisture *** warming before 2010 triggered positive effects on population interactions and spatial patterns via increased shrub ***,summer warming after2010 triggered negative effects on interactions through reduced shrub ***,shrub recruitment shifts under rapid climate change could impact spatial patterns,alter conspecific interactions and modify the direction and degree of shrublines responses to *** changes would have profound implications for the stability of alpine woody ecosystems.

关键词： Alpine shrubline Positive interactions Facilitation Spatial clustering Point pattern analyses

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Contemplative neuroaesthetics and architecture:A sensorimotor exploration

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 97-111页

作者： Zakaria Djebbara Juliet King Amir Ebadi Yoshio Nakamura julio Bermudez Department of Architecture DesignMediaand TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark Biopsychology und Neuroergonomy Technical University BerlinBerlinGermany Art Therapy Department The George Washington UniversityWashington DCUnited States Department of Neurology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States Dellustration Washington DCUnited States Pain Research Center Division of Pain MedicineDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineUtahUnited States School of Architecture and Planning The Catholic University of AmericaWashington DCUnited States

This paper takes initial steps towards developing a theoretical framework of contemplative neuroaesthetics through sensorimotor *** first argue that this new area has been largely omitted from the contemporary research agenda in neuroaesthetics and thus remains a domain of untapped *** seek to define this domain to foster a clear and focused investigation of the capacity of the arts and architecture to induce phenomenological states of a contemplative *** proposing a sensorimotor account of the experience of architecture,we operationalize how being attuned to architecture can lead to contemplative *** contrasting the externally-induced methods with internally-induced methods for eliciting a contemplative state of mind,we argue that architecture may spontaneously and effortlessly lead to such states as certain built features naturally resonate with our sensorimotor *** suggest that becoming sensible of the resonance and attunement process between internal and external states is what creates an occasion for an externallyinduced contemplative ***,we review neuroscientific studies of architecture,elaborate on the brain regions involved in such aesthetic contemplative responses,provide architectural examples,and point at the contributions that this new area of inquiry may have in fields such as the evidence-based design movement in architecture.

关键词： Neuropheno menology Neuroaesthetics Contemplative states Architectural experience Well-being

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国审品种“内麦836”叶锈病和条锈病成株抗性基因的发掘

国审品种“内麦836”叶锈病和条锈病成株抗性基因的发掘

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第十九届中国作物学会学术年会

作者：周警卫 Ravi P.Singh 任勇白斌袁婵李顺达李志康 julio huerta-espino 刘德梅兰彩霞华中农业大学

【研究背景】小麦条锈病和叶锈病是威胁小麦生产的真菌性病害,培育抗病品种是目前被认为防控这两种病害最经济有效的方式之一;【材料与方法】在本研究中,利用易感品系Apav#1和抗病品种内麦836进行杂交构建含有148个家系的F5 RIL群体。2... 详细信息

【研究背景】小麦条锈病和叶锈病是威胁小麦生产的真菌性病害,培育抗病品种是目前被认为防控这两种病害最经济有效的方式之一;【材料与方法】在本研究中,利用易感品系Apav#1和抗病品种内麦836进行杂交构建含有148个家系的F5 RIL群体。2017年和2018年在墨西哥Obregon进行叶锈病鉴定,2017年在墨西哥Toluca以及2019年在中国绵阳、鄂州和甘肃进行条锈病田间鉴定,利用15K SNP芯片和SSR标记对整个群体进行基因型分析,利用完备区间作图法结合表型和基因型从而进行抗病QTL的定位;【结果与分析】最终定位五个显著的病害抗性QTL,分别将其命名为Lr46/Yr29,***-2BS,***-3BL,***-5AL,***-5BL,所有抗性位点均来源于抗病亲本内麦836,其中叶锈病成株抗性位点***-3BL和条锈病成株抗性位点***-5AL是两个新位点,分别解释3-16%和7-14%的表型变异。将这两个抗性位点的紧密连锁SNP标记已转化为KASP标记(KASP325和KASP910),并对153份国内外的育种材料进行基因型分析,结果显示仅有部分国内材料含有这两个位点,这表明***-3BL和***-5AL主要集中在我国湖北、河南和四川等小麦种植区。而这153份材料中含有***-5AL的材料其条锈病最终严重度介于0-65%之间;【结论】因此,内麦836在育种中可做为抗性亲本,进而培育兼抗条锈病和叶锈病小麦新品种,KASP325和KASP91可应用于分子标记辅助选择育种,加速育种进程。

关键词：普通小麦条锈病叶锈病 QTL

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Polyoxidovanadates a new therapeutic alternative for neurodegenerative and aging diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 571-577页

作者： Sonia Irais Gonzalez-Cano Gonzalo Flores Jorge Guevara julio Cesar Morales-Medina Samuel Treviño Alfonso Diaz Faculty of Chemical Sciences Benemerita Autonomous University of PueblaPueblaMexico Institute of Physiology Benemerita Autonomous University of PueblaPueblaMexico Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico Animal Reproduction Research Center CINVESTAV-Autonomous University of TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico

Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological integrity,leading to a deterioration of cognitive function and increasing the risk of suffering from chronic-degenerative diseases,including cardiovascular diseases,osteoporosis,cancer,diabetes,and *** is considered the major risk factor for Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease ***,diabetes and insulin resistance constitute additional risk factors for developing neurodegenerative ***,no treatment can effectively reverse these neurodegenerative ***,some antidiabetic drugs have opened the possibility of being used against neurodegenerative *** the previous framework,Vanadium species have demonstrated a notable antidiabetic *** research group evaluated polyoxidovanadates such as decavanadate and metforminium-decavanadate with preventive and corrective activity on neurodegeneration in brain-specific areas from rats with metabolic *** results suggest that these polyoxidovanadates induce neuronal and cognitive restoration *** review aims to describe the therapeutic potential of polyoxidovanadates as insulin-enhancer agents in the brain,constituting a therapeutic alternative for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease antidiabetic brain cognition diabetes insulin neurodegeneration neuroinflammation oxidative stress Vanadium species

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