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The ecology of sexual dimorphism in size and shape of the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 183-191页

作者： Martin LAPORTE Patrick BERREBI julien CLAUDE Dolors VINYOLES Quim Pou-RoVIRA Jean-Claude RAYMOND Pierre MAGNAN lnstitut des Sciences de I'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM) UMR 5554 UM2-CNRS-IRD Universite de Montpellier II CC065 Place E. Bataillon Montpellier Cedex 534095 France Departement de Biologie Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes (IBIS) Universite Laval Quebec Quebec City Canada G1V 0A6 Department of Evolutionary Biology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Avda. Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain Sorello estudis al medi aquatic Placa St. Pere 15 Baixos 17007 Girona Spain Office National de I'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques (0NEMA) Unite Specialisee Milieux Lacustres Pisciculture de Rives 13 Quai de Rives Thonon-les-Bains 74200 France Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants-ecosystemes aquatiques (RIVE) Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres C. P. 500 Trois-Rivieres Quebec City Canada G9A 5H7

Sexual selection is considered the major cause of sexual dimorphism, but recent observations suggest that natural selection may play a more important role in the evolution of sex differentiation than previously recognized. Therefore, studying the trade-offs between natural selection and sexual selection is crucial to a better understanding of the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis, a fish inhabiting lakes and rivers around the Mediterranean Sea, displays strong sexual dimorphism in size, shape, and behavior （i.e., larger body and head size for males and higher swimming requirements for females during the reproductive period）. We tested for differences in sexual dimorphism in size and shape between the populations from lake and river habitats with the goal of identifying the trade-offs between natural and sexual se- lection that underlie variations in sexual dimorphism in this species. Our results show i） differences in sexual size dimorphism （SSizeD） in accordance to Rensch＇s rule （i.e., larger individuals in rivers associated with higher SSizeD）, and ii） a decrease in shape differentiation between males and fe- males in lake populations. Together, this suggests that the different environmental conditions between lake and river habitats （e.g., resource limitations, predation pressure, water velocity） affect the relative importance of sexual selection in the display of sexual dimorphism within the species. This study highlights the importance of considering the environmental conditions to which populations are exposed to better understand the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

关键词： evolutionary ecology geometric morphometrics phenotype-environment interaction Rensch's rule sexual dimorphism.

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Colorectal cancer and immunity:what we know and perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3738-3750页

作者： Simon Pernot Magali Terme Thibault Voron Orianne Colussi Elie Marcheteau Eric Tartour julien Taieb Service d’Hépatogastro-entérologie et d’oncologie digestive H?pital Européen Georges-PompidouUniversité Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris Cité INSERM U970 Paris Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversité Paris-Descartes Service d’Immunologie biologique H?pital Européen Georges-PompidouUniversité Paris Descartes

Strong evidence supports the concept of immunosurveillance and immunoediting in colorectal cancer. In particular, the density of T CD8+ and CD45+ lymphocyte infiltration was recently shown to have a better prognostic value than the classic tumor node metastasis classification factor. Other immune subsets, as macrophages, natural killer cells or unconventionnal lymphocytes, seem to play an important role. Induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) or immunosuppressive molecules such as PD-1 or CTLA-4 and downregulation of antigen-presenting molecules are major escape mechanisms to antitumor immune response. The development of these mechanisms is a major obstacle to the establishment of an effective immune response, but also to the use of immunotherapy. Although immunotherapy is not yet routinely used in colorectal cancer, we now know that most treatments used (chemotherapy and biotherapy) have immunomodulatory effects, such as induction of immunogenic cell death by chemotherapy, inhibition of immunosuppression by antiangiogenic agents, and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity induced by cetuximab. Finally, many immunotherapy strategies are being developed and tested in phase I to III clinical trials. The most promising strategies are boosting the immune system with cytokines, inhibition of immunoregulatory checkpoints, vaccination with vectorized antigens, and adoptive cell therapy. Comprehension of antitumor immune response and combination of the different approaches of immunotherapy may allow the use of effective immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer in the near future.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Immunotherapy Immunity Immunoregulation Vaccination

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Synthesis of cleavable multi-functional mikto-arm star polymer by RAFT polymerization: example of an anti-cancer drug 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin(SN-38) as functional moiety

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第7期57卷 995-1001页

作者： WEI XiaoHu GUNATILLAKE Pathiraja A MOAD Graeme RIZZARDO Ezio ROSSELGONG julien YANG WanTai THANG San H. College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Materials Science and Engineering The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)

Multi-functional mikto-arm star polymers containing three different arms [hydrophilic, SN-38-P（OEGMAs_9）11, cationizable, SN-38-P（DMAEMA）3s and hydrophobic, SN-38-P（BMA）26] were prepared by RAFT polymerization via an arm-first approach using a cleavable cross-linker. The star polymers were cleaved to the linear arms with tributylphosphine as a reducing agent. The decrease in molecular weight observed is consistent with the initial stars having approximately five arms, Blue fluorescence was observed when a solution of mikto-arm star was irradiated under a 365 nm light proving the retention of the SN-38 moiety during star formation by RAFT polymerization. Thus these polymer-drug conjugates can be considered as potential delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. The P（DMAEMA） arms can be quaternized using iodomethane, allowing star polymers to bind negatively charged small interfering RNA （siRNA） and potentially be used as a carrier for that material.

关键词： RAFT mikto-arm star polymer-drug conjugate cleavable polymer siRNA delivery cancer therapy

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Synthesis of alkynes and alkynyl iodides bearing a protected amino alcohol moiety as functionalized amino acids precursors

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第9期53卷 1921-1926页

作者： AYED Charfedinne PICARD julien LUBIN-GERMAIN Nadège UZIEL Jacques AUGE Jacques Université de Cergy-Pontoise Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Sélective et Chimie bioOrganique-EA 4505

Amino acid precursors in protected amino alcohol form are important synthons that can be used as building-blocks for the hemisynthesis of non-natural amino *** can be used as a common starting material for the synthesis of such compounds differently ***,protected amino alcohols bearing an ethynyl and/or an iodoethynyl group can be used in cross-couplings,in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and/or in Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi type *** thus demonstrated that the efficiently protected amino alcohols derived from serine can be coupled to a sugar derivative by an indium mediated alkynylation *** conditions of this coupling are compatible with such functionalized derivatives and allow envisaging an access to C-glycosylated amino acids.

关键词： amino alcohols amino acids oxazolidines alkynyl iodides C-glycoside indium alkynylation

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Multimodal teaching,learning and training in virtual reality:a review and case study

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2020年第5期2卷 421-442页

作者： Stéphanie PHILIPPE Alexis DSOUCHET Petros LAMERAS Panagiotis PETRIDIS julien CAPORAL Gildas COLDEBOEUF Hadrien DUZAN Department of Research ManzalabParisFrance Paragraph Laboratory Paris 8 UniversitySaint-DenisFrance School of Computing Electronics and MathematicsCoventry UniversityUnited Kingdom Aston Business School Aston UniversityUnited Kingdom Manzalab Singapore

It is becoming increasingly prevalent in digital learning research to encompass an array of different meanings,spaces,processes,and teaching strategies for discerning a global perspective on constructing the student learning *** is an emergent phenomenon that may influence how digital learning is designed,especially when employed in highly interactive and immersive learning environments such as Virtual Reality(VR).VR environments may aid students'efforts to be active learners through consciously attending to,and reflecting on,critique leveraging reflexivity and novel meaning-making most likely to lead to a conceptual *** paper employs eleven industrial case-studies to highlight the application of multimodal VR-based teaching and training as a pedagogically rich strategy that may be designed,mapped and visualized through distinct VR-design elements and *** outcomes of the use cases contribute to discern in-VR multimodal teaching as an emerging discourse that couples system design-based paradigms with embodied,situated and reflective praxis in spatial,emotional and temporal VR learning environments.

关键词： Virtual reality Multimodality Training Teaching and learning Semiotic resources

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Selective laser melting(SLM)of CX stainless steel:Theoretical calculation,process optimization and strengthening mechanism

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第14期73卷 151-164页

作者： Dongdong Dong Cheng Chang Hao Wang Xingchen Yan Wenyou Ma Min Liu Sihao Deng julien Gardan Rodolphe Bolot Hanlin Liao Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangdong Institute of New MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering TechnologyThe Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering TechnologyGuangzhou510651China ICD-LASMIS UMR CNRS 6281University of Technology of Troyes12 rue Marie CurieCS 4206010004Troyes CedexFrance EPF Ecole d’ingenieurs2 rue Fernand SastreTroyesFrance ICB-PMDM UMR 6303 CNRSUniv.Bourgogne Franche-ComtéUBFCF-71200Le Creusot/UTBMF-71200.Le Creusot/UTBMF-90010BelfortFrance

In the present work,selective laser melting(SLM)technology was utilized for manufacturing CX stainless steel samples under a series of laser *** effect of laser linear energy density on the microstructure characteristics,phase distribution,crystallographic orientation and mechanical properties of these CX stainless steel samples were investigated theoretically and experimentally via scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).Based on the systematic study,the SLM CX stainless steel sample with best surface roughness(Ra=4.05±1.8μm)and relative density(Rd=99.72%±0.22%)under the optimal linear density(η=245 J/m)can be *** CX stainless steel was primarily constituted by a large number of fine martensite(α’phase)structures(i.e.,cell structures,cellular dendrites and blocky grains)and a small quantity of austenite(γphase)*** pre ferred crystallographic orientation(i.e.,direction)can be determined in the XZ plane of the SLM CX ***,under the optimal linear energy density,the good combinations with the highest ultimate tensile strength(UTS=1068.0%±5.9%)and the best total elongation(TE=15.70%±0.26%)of the SLM CX sample can be *** strengthening dominates the strengthening mechanism of the SLM CX sample in as-built state.

关键词： Selective laser melting CX stainless steel Forming quality Mechanical property Strengthening Mechanism

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Risk of COVID-19 variant importation-How useful are travel control measures?

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 875-897页

作者： julien Arino Pierre-Yves Boëlle Evan Milliken Stephanie Portet Department of Mathematics&Data Science Nexus University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada Sorbonne Universite Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique(IPLESP)France Department of Mathematics University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

We consider models for the importation of a new variant COVID-19 strain in a location already seeing propagation of a resident *** distinguishing contaminations generated by imported cases from those originating in the community,we are able to evaluate the contribution of importations to the dynamics of the disease in a *** find that after an initial seeding,the role of importations becomes marginal compared to that of community-based *** also evaluate the role of two travel control measures,quarantine and travel *** conclude that quarantine is an efficacious way of lowering importation rates,while travel interruptions have the potential to delay the consequences of importations but need to be applied within a very tight time window following the initial emergence of the variant.

关键词： COVID-19 Variants Importation risk

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A focus on the European hamster to illustrate how to monitor endangered species

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 65-74页

作者： Florian KLETTY Mathilde TISSIER Charlotte KOURKGY Alexandre ZAHARIEV Nicolas CHATELAIN julien COURTECUISSE Yvon LE MAHO Caroline HABOLD University of Strasbourg CNRSIPHCStrasbourgFrance National Hunting and Wildlife Agency ONCFSGerstheimFrance and 3Clinique VétérinaireColmarFrance

Agriculture intensification,marked by the generalization of crop monoculture,by the increase in plot size and by the reduction of plant diversity,has led to huge decline in wildlife in European *** such habitat,re-search has long been biased towards birds and invertebrates,while very few studies have investigated the ef-fect on small *** the European hamster,Cricetus cricetus,we therefore review the different techniques that can be used to investigate the impact of environmental changes and conservation measures in small and endangered wild *** suggest that only a multidisciplinary approach will allow exploration of these effects,combining experimental laboratory work on captive-bred animals with the monitoring of wild *** particular,individual energy balance has to be investigated and measured as accurately as possi-ble,through either biochemical or bio-logging *** is,indeed,the most affected physiological trait in a changing environment,as it determines both the reproductive output and the survival of the *** also discuss the inconvenience of capture-release approaches for such an endangered species and emphasize the dis-turbance that experimental protocols could impose on the hamster.

关键词： conservation measures data loggers degree of invasiveness energy balance metabolism

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Crohn's disease-related'gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome'successfully treated with infliximab:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第7期28卷 755-762页

作者： julien Catherine Hazim Kadhim Frédéric Lambot Claire Liefferinckx Virginie Meurant Lukas Otero Sanchez Institute for Medical Immunology UniversitéLibre de BruxellesGosselies 6041Belgium Department of Internal Medicine C.U.B.Hôpital ErasmeBrussels 1070Belgium NeuroMyopathology Unit(Anatomic Pathology Service)and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathology CHU BrugmannUniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrussels 1020Belgium Department of Internal Medicine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire TivoliLa Louvière 7100Belgium Department of Gastroenterology Hepatopancreatology and Digestive OncologyC.U.B.Hôpital ErasmeBrussels 1070Belgium Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrussels 1070Belgium Department of Emergency Medicine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire TivoliLa Louvière 7100Belgium

BACKGROUND Extra-intestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are frequent and involve virtually all ***,the clinical characteristics and course of inflammatory myopathies in IBD remain poorly described and mostly related to orbital ***,alternative therapeutic strategies in non-responder patients to corticosteroid therapy must still be *** SUMMARY A 33-year-old woman with a history of unclassified colitis presented with acute bilateral calf *** admission,her clinical and biological examinations were ***,magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral inflammatory changes in gastrocnemius muscles suggestive of *** biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of myositis and demonstrated an inflammatory infiltrate mainly located in the perimysial compartment including lympho-plasmocytic cells with the formation of several granulomatous structures while the endomysium was relatively *** combined clinical,biological and histomyopathological findings were concordant with the diagnosis of‘gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome’(GMS),a rare disorder associated with Crohn’s disease(CD).Ileocolonoscopy confirmed CD diagnosis and systemic corticosteroids(CS)therapy was started,resulting in a rapid clinical *** CS tapering,however,she experienced a relapse of GMS together with a severe active *** was started and allowed a sustained remission of both conditions at the latest follow-up(20 mo).CONCLUSION The GMS represent a rare CD-associated inflammatory myopathy for which anti-tumour necrosis factor-αtherapy might be considered as an effective therapeutic option.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Extra-intestinal manifestation Gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome Granulomatous myositis Anti-tumour necrosis factor-αtherapy Case report

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A transcriptional cascade mediated by two APETALA2 family members orchestrates carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1227-1241页

作者： Xiaoqing He Kaidong Liu Yi Wu Weijie Xu Ruochen Wang julien Pirrello Mondher Bouzayen Mengbo Wu Mingchun Liu Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Life Science and Technology School Lingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiang 524048China Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales—Genomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits—UMR5546 Universite de ToulouseCNRSUPSToulouse-INPToulouse 31013France

Carotenoids are important nutrients for human health that must be obtained from plants since they cannot be biosynthesized by the human *** the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid metabolism in plants represents the first step toward manipulating carotenoid contents in plants by molecular design *** this study,we determined that SlAP2c,an APETALA2(AP2)family member,acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).Knockout of SlAP2c in both the“Micro Tom”and“Ailsa Craig”backgrounds resulted in greater lycopene accumulation,whereas overexpression of this gene led to orange-ripe fruit with significantly lower lycopene contents than the wild *** established that SlAP2c represses the expression of genes involved in lycopene biosynthesis by directly binding to the cis-elements in their ***,SlAP2c relies on its EAR motif to recruit the co-repressors TOPLESS(TPL)2/4 and forms a complex with histone deacetylase(had)1/3,thereby reducing the histone acetylation levels of lycopene biosynthesis ***,SlAP2a,a homolog of SlAP2c,acts upstream of SlAP2c and alleviates the SlAP2c-induced repression of lycopene biosynthesis genes by inhibiting SlAP2c transcription during fruit ***,we identified a transcriptional cascade mediated by AP2 family members that regulates lycopene biosynthesis during fruit ripening in tomato,laying the foundation for the manipulation of carotenoid metabolism in plants.

关键词： APETALA2 family members carotenoid biosynthesis tomato transcriptional cascade

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