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A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第2期16卷 275-282页

作者： Gareth James Appleby-Thomas Kevin Jaansalu Amer Hameed Jonathan Painter James Shackel julie rowley Centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield Defence and SecurityCranfield UniversityShrivenhamSwindonSN68LAUK Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Royal Military College of CanadaPO Box 17000Station ForcesKingstonOntarioK7K 7B4Canada

Production of ceramic armour solutions on-demand/in-theatre would have significant logistical and military ***,even assuming that such technologies could be successfully deployed in the field,such near net-shape manufacturing technology is relatively immature compared to conventional sintering of *** this study,the ballistic performance of a series of additively manufactured(AM)/rapidly-prototyped(RP)alumina tiles of 97.2%of the density of Sintox FATM were investigated using both forward-and reverse-ballistic *** experiments,undertaken with compressed gasguns,employed the depth-of-penetration technique and flash X-ray as primary diagnostics to interrogate both efficiency of penetration and projectile-target interaction,*** RP alumina was found to exhibit useful ballistic properties,successfully defeating steel-cored(AP)7.62×39 mm BXN rounds at velocities of up-to c.a.850 m/s,while exhibiting comparable failure modes to conventionally sintered armour-grade Sintox ***,where a<1%by *** dopant was introduced into the RP material failure modes changed dramatically with performance dropping below that of conventionally sintered ***,the results from both sets of experiments were complimentary and clearly indicated the potential of such RP materials to play an active role in provision of real-world body armour solutions provided quality control of the RP material can be maintained.

关键词： Additive manufacture Rapidly prototyped Body armour Ballistics Ceramics

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HIV Drug Resistance Profiles and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Viremia Maintained at Very Low Levels

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第2期3卷 71-78页

作者： Michael R. Jordan julie Winsett Aileen Tiro Vuth Bau Rony S. Berbara Christopher rowley Nobel Bellosillo Christine Wanke Eoin P. Coakley Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston USA Largo Medical Center Clearwater USA Monogram Biosciences South San Francisco USA Newton Wellesley Hospital Newton USA Tufts University School of Medicine Boston USA University of Massachusetts School of Medicine Worcester USA

We describe an observational study of clinical, virologic and drug resistance profiles in HIV-positive antiretroviral adherent subjects with stable low level viremia (LLV) 50 - 1000 copies/mL for more than 12 months. Subjects were followed from time of first detectable viral load (VL). In total, 102 episodes of LLV were detected among 80 individuals. The median (mean, range) HIV copy number at genotyping was 250 (486, - 3900) copies/mL after 14 (17.9, 0 - 58) months of LLV. Few patients maintained LLV for the entire 9 years period of observation, with half (52%) experiencing viremic progression following a stable period of LLV either spontaneously or after treatment interruption or failed regimen intensification. In the setting of prolonged periods of sustained LLV, mean duration 22 (range 8 - 106) months, drug resistance (DR) was almost universal. Resistance to ≥1 on-treatment drugs was defined in 97% of specimens and DR to all drugs in the treatment regimen in over half of all patients. Evolution of DR mutations during the period of LLV was observed in 20/28 (71%) subjects with specimens available for follow-up testing. This evolution was associated with viremic progression to levels >1000 copies/mL (p = 0.03). Our data suggest that DR present in patients with LLV is likely to impact long term clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of optimizing techniques to detect the presence of drug resistant HIV in the setting of LLV and the need for larger prospective studies to assess the emergence of DR in the setting of sustained LLV and the impact of this DR on treatment outcomes.

关键词： HIV Low Level Viremia Treatment Experienced Patients HIV Drug Resistance

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