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Orientation of larval and juvenile horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus to visual cues: Effects of chemical odors

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 618-633页

作者： julie M.MEDINA Richard A.TANKERSLEY Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology

Adult horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus have long served as models for the study of vision in marine arthropods. Yet, little is known about the ability of early life history stages to detect and respond to visual cues. We examined the visually directed movements of larvae and first stage juveniles to horizons containing dark visual targets of different sizes. The study tested the hypotheses that （1） larval and juvenile crabs can detect and respond to visual targets and （2） the direction of orientation varies with the presence of chemical cues associated with settlement habitats. Orientation of larval and juvenile crabs to rectangles subtending angles from 30--330~ was tested in a circular arena containing water that either lacked estuarine chemical cues （offshore water） or contained odors from aquatic vegetation or known predators. In the absence of chemical odors, larvae oriented toward and juveniles moved away from dark horizons subtending angles 〉 60~. When placed in water containing chemical odors from potential nursery habitats, including the seagrasses Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme, crabs reversed their direction of orientation relative to their responses in offshore water. Odors from two known predators, the mummichug Fundulus grandis and blue crab Callinectes sapidus, had no affect on the orientation of larvae. Yet, juveniles responded to both odors by moving toward the visual target. results support the hypothesis that the visual orientation of larval and juvenile horseshoe crabs changes upon exposure to habitat and predator cues and that the direction of the response undergoes an ontogenetic shift following metamorphosis

关键词： Orientation Visual cues Chemical odors

High-entropy catalysts for electrochemical water-electrolysis of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions

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frontiers in Energy 2024年第3期18卷 265-290页

作者： Simiao SHA Riyue GE Ying LI julie M.CAIRNEY Rongkun ZHENG Sean LI Bin LIU Jiujun ZHANG Wenxian LI School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis School of AerospaceMechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia School of Physics The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Materials&Manufacturing Futures InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

High entropy materials (HEMs) have developed rapidly in the field of electrocatalytic water-electrolysis for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their unique properties. In particular, HEM catalysts are composed of many elements. Therefore, they have rich active sites and enhanced entropy stability relative to single atoms. In this paper, the preparation strategies and applications of HEM catalysts in electrochemical water-electrolysis are reviewed to explore the stabilization of HEMs and their catalytic mechanisms as well as their application in support green hydrogen production. First, the concept and four characteristics of HEMs are introduced based on entropy and composition. Then, synthetic strategies of HEM catalysts are systematically reviewed in terms of the categories of bottom-up and top-down. The application of HEMs as catalysts for electrochemical water-electrolysis in recent years is emphatically discussed, and the mechanisms of improving the performance of electrocatalysis is expounded by combining theoretical calculation technology and ex-situ/in situ characterization experiments. Finally, the application prospect of HEMs is proposed to conquer the challenges in HEM catalyst fabrications and applications.

关键词： high-entropy electrocatalysis synthetic methods water-electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen evolutions

Understanding the basic biology underlying the flavor world of children

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 834-841页

作者： julie A. MENNELLA Alison K. VENTURA Monell Chemical Senses Center

Health organizations worldwide recommend that adults and children minimize intakes of excess energy and salty, sweet, and fatty foods （all of which are highly preferred tastes） and eat diets richer in whole grains, low- and non- fat dairy products, legumes, fish, lean meat, fruits, and vegetables （many of which taste bitter）. Despite such recommendations and the well-established benefits of these foods to human health, adults are not complying, nor are their children. A primary reason for this difficulty is the remarkably potent rewarding properties of the tastes and flavors of foods high in sweetness, saltiness, and fatness. While we cannot easily change children＇s basic ingrained biology of liking sweets and avoiding bitterness, we can modulate their flavor preferences by providing early exposure, starting in utero, to a wide variety of flavors within healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Because the flavors of foods mothers eat during pregnancy and lactation also flavor amniotic fluid and breast milk and become preferred by infants, pregnant and lactating women should widen their food choices to include as many flavorful and healthy foods as possible. These experiences, combined with repeated exposure to nutritious foods and flavor variety during the weaning period and beyond, should maximize the chances that children will select and enjoy a healthier diet [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 834-841, 2010].

关键词： Flavor learning Infants Children Preferences Dietary intake Prevention

Midwives’views and experiences of providing healthy eating advice to pregnant women:a qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews

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frontiers of Nursing 2020年第4期7卷 345-358页

作者： Shwikar Mahmoud Etman Othman julie-Anne Fleet Mary Steen Rasika Jayasekara Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing Department Faculty of NursingSouth Valley University EgyptQena 83523Egypt UniSA Clinical&Health Sciences University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth Australia 5001Australia

Objective:To explore midwives’views on how they provide healthy eating education to pregnant women after attending a healthy eating education workshop/***:A qualitative descriptive approach was ***-structured interviews were conducted to explore the views and experiences of midwives on providing healthy eating education for pregnant women.A purposive sample of six midwives was interviewed face-to-face,and one was conducted by telephone *** were analyzed through qualitative conventional content ***:Midwives described their views and experiences of factors that impacted their role in providing healthy eating *** identified three categories:perceived role of midwi ves,health literacy,and model of ***:Knowledge and confidence of midwives improved after attending the workshop/webinar on healthy eating *** suggested that midwives perceived their role as important in providing nutrition ***,time and resources were highlighted as challenges when providing healthy eating education for pregnant *** availability of health literacy and model of care were significant factors in enabling midwives to adequately provide this *** acknowledged a need for further education in areas of vegan diet,cultural food preferences for ethnic minority groups,and regular updates on national healthy eating guidelines.

关键词： midwives healthy eating guidelines nutrition policy qualitative content analysis education maternity health services

Testing for hepatitis B virus alone does not increase vaccine coverage in non-immunized persons

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第38期23卷 7037-7046页

作者： Anders Boyd julie Bottero Fabrice Carrat Joel Gozlan Hayette Rougier Pierre-Marie Girard Karine Lacombe Institute Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de SantéPublique(IPLESP UMRS 1136) INSERMSorbonne Universités Service de maladies infectieuses Hopital Saint-AntoineAP-HP Département de santépublique Hopital Saint-AntoineAP-HP Laboratoire de Virologie Hopital Saint-AntoineAP-HP INSERM UMR_S1135 CIMI

AIM To determine whether hepatitis B virus(HBV)-testing could serve as a gateway to vaccinate non-immunized individuals in a low-prevalent *** Non-immunized subjects participating in a multi-center, HBV-testing campaign in Paris, france were identified and contacted via telephone 3-9 mo after testing in order to determine vaccination status. Vaccination coverage was evaluated in per-protocol(for all respondents) and intent-to-treat analysis(assuming all non-responders did not vaccinate).reSULTS In total, 1215/4924(24.7%) enrolled subjects with complete HBV serology were identified as nonimmunized and eligible for analysis. There were 99/902 successfully contacted subjects who had initiated HBV vaccination after screening: per-protocol, 11.0%(95%CI: 9.0-13.2); intent-to-treat, 8.2%(95%CI: 6.7-9.8). In multivariable analysis, vaccination was more likely to be initiated in individuals originating from moderate or high HBV-endemic countries(P re coverage(P = 0.01) and men who have sex with men(P = 0.02). When asked about the reasons for not initiating HBV vaccination, the most frequent response was "will be vaccinated later"(33.4%), followed by "did not want to vaccinate"(29.8%), and "vaccination was not proposed by the physician"(21.5%). Sub-group analysis indicated a stark contrast in vaccination coverage across centers, ranging from 0%-56%.CONCLUSION HBV-vaccination after HBV screening was very low in this study, which appeared largely attributed to physician-patient motivation towards vaccination. Increased vaccination coverage might be achieved by emphasizing its need at the organizational level.

关键词： Health service organization Hepatitis B virus vaccination Public health Testing intervention Vaccine coverage

Genetic and genomic resources for Rubus breeding:a roadmap for the future

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Horticulture research 2019年第1期6卷 260-268页

作者： Toshi M.Foster Nahla V.Bassil Michael Dossett Margaret Leigh Worthington julie Graham The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food research(Pfr)Ltd 55 Old Mill RoadMotuekaNew Zealand USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm repository(NCGR) 33447 Peoria Rd.CorvallisORUSA Blueberry Council(in Partnership with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)Agassiz Food research Centre ColumbiaBC V0M 1A0Canada Department of Horticulture University of Arkansas316 Plant Science BuildingFayettevilleAR 72701USA The James Hutton Institute Errol RoadInvergowrieDundee DD25DAScotland

Rubus fruits are high-value crops that are sought after by consumers for their flavor,visual appeal,and health *** meet this demand,production of red and black raspberries(*** *** *** L.),blackberries(*** Rubus),and hybrids,such as Boysenberry and marionberry,is growing *** breeding programmes are continually striving to improve flavor,texture,machine harvestability,and yield,provide pest and disease resistance,improve storage and processing properties,and optimize fruits and plants for different production and harvest *** face numerous challenges,such as polyploidy,the lack of genetic diversity in many of the elite cultivars,and until recently,the relative shortage of genetic and genomic resources available for *** review will highlight the development of continually improving genetic maps,the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL)s controlling key traits,draft genomes for red and black raspberry,and efforts to improve gene *** development of genetic maps and markers,the molecular characterization of wild species and germplasm,and highthroughput genotyping platforms will expedite breeding of improved *** sequenced genomes and accurate gene models facilitate identification of genes underlying traits of interest and enable gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9.

关键词： breeding cultivar crops

Epididymosomes are involved in the acquisition of new sperm proteins during epididymal transit

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 483-491页

作者： Robert Sullivan Gilles frenette julie Girouard Centre de recherche en Biologie de la reproduction and Departement d＇Obstetrique-Gynecologie Faculte de Medeeine Universite Laval Quebec G1 V 4G2 Canada

During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new proteins. Some of these newly acquired proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-anchored proteins. This suggests that the secreted epididymal proteins are transferred to spermatozoa by an unusual mechanism. Within the epididymal lumen, spermatozoa interact with small membranous vesicles named epididymosomes. Many proteins are associated with epididymosomes and the protein composition of these vesicles varies along the excurrent duct and differs from soluble intraluminal proteins. Some epididymosome-associated proteins have been identified and their functions in sperm maturation hypothesized. These include P25b, a zona pellucida binding protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, enzymes of the polyol pathway, HE5/CD52, type 5 glutathione peroxidase, and SPAM 1 or PH-20. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins associated to epididymosomes are complex and some of these proteins are transferred to defined surface domains of epididymal spermatozoa. Epididymosomes collected from different epididymal segments interact differently with spermatozoa. This protein transfer from epididymosomes to spermatozoa is timedependent, temperature-dependent and pH-dependent, and is more efficient in the presence of zinc. Some proteins are segregated to lipid raft domains of epididymosomes and are selectively transferred to raft domains of the sperm plasma membrane. Some evidence is presented showing that epididymosomes are secreted in an apocrine manner by the epididymal epithelial cells. In conclusion, epididymosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted in an apocrine manner in the intraluminal compartment of the epididymis and play a major role in the acquisition of new proteins by the maturing spermatozoa. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 483-491）

关键词： apocrine secretion epididymis epididymosomes spermatozoa sperm maturation

The problem and promise of scale in multilayer animal social networks

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 113-123页

作者： Alec L.ROBITAILLE Quinn M.R.WEBBER julie W.TURNER Vander WAL ERIC Department of Biology Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNLA1B 3X9Canada Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Interdisciplinary Program Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNLA1B 3X9Canada

Scale remains a foundational concept in *** scale,for instance,has become a central consideration in the way we understand landscape ecology and animal space ***,scale-dependent social processes can range from fine scale interactions to co-occurrence and overlapping home ***,sociality can vary within and across *** networks promise the explicit integration of the social,spatial,and temporal *** the complex interplay of sociality and animal space use in heterogeneous landscapes,there remains an important gap in our understanding of the influence of scale on animal social *** an empirical case study,we discuss ways of considering social,spatial,and temporal scale in the context of multilayer caribou social *** integration of social and spatial processes,including biologically meaningful scales,within the context of animal social networks is an emerging area of *** incorporate perspectives that link the social environment to spatial processes across scales in a multilayer context.

关键词： caribou habitat selection landscape ecology Rangifer social network analysis space use

Advanced Robotics to Address the Translational Gap in Tendon Engineering

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2022年第1期2022卷 221-238页

作者： Iain L.Sander Nicole Dvorak julie A.Stebbins Andrew J.Carr Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy Botnar research Centre Nufield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatologyand Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OsfordWindmill RoadOxford 0X37LDUK Oxford Gait Laboratory Nfield Orthopaedic CentreTebbit CentreWindmill RoadOxford 0X37HEUK

Tendon disease is a significant and growing burden to healthcare *** strategy to address this challenge is tssueengineering.A widely held view in this feld is that mechanical stimulation provided to constructs should replicate themechanicaienvironment of native tissue as closely as *** review recent tendon tissue engineering studies inthisarticle and highlight limitations of conventional uniaxial tensile bioreactors used in current *** roboticplatforms such as musculoskeletal humanoid robots and soft robotic actuators are promising technologies which may helpaddress translational gaps in tendon tissue engineering We suggest the proposed benets of these technologies and identifyrecent studies which have worked to implement these technologies in tssue ***,key chalenges to addressinadapting these robotic technologies and proposed future research directions for tendon tssue engineering are discussed.

关键词： directions limitations Tendon