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Neuropsychological Assessm.nt of Learning and m.m.ry in Rats Following Ketam.ne Exposure during Late Adolescence

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第12期10卷 568-589页

作者： julianna m. davis David Com.ton m.randa Heit Ashley Fravel Kim.erly Wood Departm.nt of Psychology Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach USA

With the prevalent issue of drug abuse in society, research regarding the effects of ketam.ne, a drug frequently abused by youth in club settings, has increased. Despite its potential for m.suse, ketam.ne has dem.nstrated potential as a fast-acting antidepressant and seem. to work well for relieving treatm.nt-resistant depression. However, previous research has shown ketam.ne use m.y cause im.airm.nts in frontal and m.dial tem.oral lobe functioning, leading to problem. with m.m.ry. While under the influence of ketam.ne, individuals also display problem. with spatial working m.m.ry when com.ared to individuals not dosed with ketam.ne. The m.jority of previous research has exam.ned the short-term.im.act of ketam.ne use with studies on neurodevelopm.nt largely confined to postnatal exposure. In the present study, the long-term.effects on m.m.ry caused by repeated ketam.ne exposure during late adolescence were exam.ned. Rats were used as nonhum.n m.dels in order to investigate the cognitive risks resulting from.chronic use of ketam.ne. The results indicated that low-ketam.ne dosed rats dem.nstrated significantly better spatial m.m.ry recall com.ared to high-ketam.ne dosed rats. In addition, high-ketam.ne dosed rats appeared to struggle m.re with working m.m.ry than the rats in the low-ketam.ne and control groups. Sim.larly, both drug groups showed significantly m.re working m.m.ry and reference m.m.ry errors than the control group. This indicates that higher doses of ketam.ne during late adolescence m.y cause working and spatial m.m.ry im.airm.nts later in life.

关键词： Ketam.ne m.m.ry Im.airm.nts Long-Term.Effects Spatial m.m.ry Working m.m.ry

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Absence of Ketam.ne Effects on Learning &m.m.ry Following Exposure during Early Adolescence: A Prelim.nary Report

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2021年第1期11卷 27-47页

作者： Shannon O’Brien David Com.ton julianna m. davis Jennifer Elvir Adrien Albritton Departm.nt of Psychology Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach USA

Traditionally, ketam.ne was considered useful as a dissociative anesthetic. m.re recently, ketam.ne has been exam.ned for its effects as a fast-acting antidepressant, for treatm.nt-resistant depression, and as a non-opiate treatm.nt of chronic pain. Unfortunately, ketam.ne has enjoyed popularity as a recreational drug am.ng both adolescents and young adults. While som. research suggests the use of this drug during neurodevelopm.nt is not without consequence, relatively little work has been conducted to exam.ne the chronic effects of ketam.ne on the adolescent brain at different stages of neural developm.nt. Using a rodent m.del of developm.nt, we probed the effects of early adolescent exposure to ketam.ne. Between postnatal days 22 to 40, a period com.rising early to m.d-adolescence, rats were exposed to one of two doses of ketam.ne or saline. Beginning at 90 days of age and drug free for 50 days, a series of neuropsychological assessm.nts were em.loyed to exam.ne general activity, spatial navigation, as well as nonspatial response learning. Contrary to prediction, except for differences in general activity levels, no spatial or nonspatial im.airm.nts were found am.ng the drug- and saline-treated anim.ls. The present results are considered in light of ketam.ne-associated effects found in a related study with older adolescent rats and the role of drug exposure during different points in adolescent brain developm.nt.

关键词： Ketam.ne Neuropsychological Assessm.nt Learning m.m.ry Rat

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Early anticoagulation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation is associated with fewer ischaem.c lesions at 1 m.nth: the ATTUNE study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 30-37,I0034页

作者： Angelos Sharobeam.Longting Lin Christina Lam.Carlos Garcia-Esperon Yash Gawarikar Ronak Patel m.tthew Lee-Archer Andrew Wong m.chael Roizm.n Am.nda Gilligan Andrew Lee Kee m.ng Tan Susan Day Christopher Levi Stephen m.davis m.rk Parsons Bernard Yan m.lbourne Brain Centre at Royal m.lbourne Hospital ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School LiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Calvary Public HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Northern Hospital EppingEppingVictoriaAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland School of m.dicine HerstonQueenslandAustralia Neurosciences Clinical Institute Epworth HealthcareRichmondVirginiaAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia Flinders University College of m.dicine and Public Health AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

Background The optim.l tim. to com.ence anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)after ischaem.c stroke or transient ischaem.c attack(TIA)is unclear,with guidelines differing in recom.endations.A lim.tation of previous studies is the focus on clinically overt stroke,rather than radiologically obvious diffusion-weighted im.ging ischaem.c lesions.We aim.d to quantify silent ischaem.c lesions and haem.rrhages on m.I at 1m.nth in patients com.enced on early(m.c lesions and m.re haem.rrhages in the early anticoagulant group at 1-m.nth m.I.m.thods A prospective m.lticentre,observational cohort study was perform.d at 11 Australian stroke centres.Clinical and m.I data were collected at baseline and follow-up,with blinded im.ging assessm.nt perform.d by two authors.Tim.ng of com.encem.nt of anticoagulation was at the discretion of the treating stroke physician.Results We recruited 276 patients of whom.208 m.t the eligibility criteria.The average age was 74.2 years(SD±10.63),and 79(38%)patients were fem.le.m.dian National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 5(IQR 1–12).m.dian baseline ischaem.c lesion volum. was 5m.(IQR 2–17).There were a greater num.er of new ischaem.c lesions on follow-up m.I in patients com.enced on anticoagulation≥4days after index event(17%vs 8%,p=0.04),but no difference in haem.rrhage rates(22%vs 32%,p=0.10).Baseline ischaem.c lesion volum. of≤5m. was less likely to have a new haem.rrhage at 1m.nth(p=0.02).There was no difference in haem.rrhage rates in patients with an initial ischaem.c lesion volum. of>5m.,regardless of anticoagulation tim.ng.Conclusion Com.encing anticoagulationm.c lesions at 1m.nth in AF patients.There is no increased rate of haem.rrhage with early anticoagulation.These results suggest that early anticoagulation after m.ld-to-m.derate acute ischaem.c stroke associated with AF m.ght be safe,but random.sed controlled s

关键词： patients lesions ischaem.c

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两种富含甘氨酸的RNA结合蛋白参与选择性剪接实现对水稻耐热性的昼夜节律调控

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 59-71页

作者：杨闯罗安妮芦海平 Seth Jon davis 刘建祥 State Key Laboratory of Plant Environm.ntal Resilience College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Departm.nt of Biology University of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is threatened by global warm.ng associated with extrem. high tem.eratures,and rice heat sensitivity is differed when stress occurs between daytim. and nighttim..However,the underlying m.lecular m.chanism.are largely unknown.We show here that two glycine-rich RNA binding proteins,Os GRP3 and Os GRP162,are required for therm.tolerance in rice,especially at nighttim..The rhythm.c expression of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 peaks at m.dnight,and at these coincident tim.s,is increased by heat stress.This is largely dependent on the evening com.lex com.onent Os ELF3-2.We next found that the double m.tant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 is strikingly m.re sensitive to heat stress in term. of survival rate and seed setting rate when com.aring to the wild-type plants.Interestingly,the defect in therm.tolerance is m.re evident when heat stress occurred in nighttim. than that in daytim..Upon heat stress,the double m.tant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 displays globally reduced expression of heat-stress responsive genes,and increases of m.RNA alternative splicing dom.nated by exon-skipping.This study thus reveals the im.ortant role of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 in therm.tolerance in rice,and unravels the m.chanism.on how Os GRP3/Os GRP162 regulate therm.tolerance in a diurnal m.nner.

关键词： Alternative splicing Diurnal regulation Glycine-rich protein Oryza sativa L. Therm.tolerance

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Cytotoxicity, Toxicity and Anticancer Activity of m.nuka Honey, Saudi’s Honey and Peganum.harm.la Plant against Cancer Cells

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第2期12卷 311-325页

作者： Naif m. Alhawiti Elber-Lewis m.les Anaif m. Alhewaitey Yousef m. Alm.tairi Fadhah m. Alhawiti CAHFS University of California Davis Davis USA Departm.nt of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia m.nistry of Health East Jeddah General Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Cancer occurs when the body’s cells grow beyond the usual control. Norm.l body cells m.ltiply in a controlled m.nner and undergo apoptosis when the body no longer needs them. Different types of cancers exist, and the com.on ones include breast, cervical, prostate, lung, colon, and skin cancers. Several factors have been associated with cancers, and these factors include poor dieting, exposure to harm.ul chem.cals and radiation, weak im.une system. and genetics. Cancer presents an enorm.us health threat in the m.dern world and thus the need to identify an effective treatm.nt. The conventional treatm.nts used in the m.nagem.nt of cancer include chem.therapy and physiotherapy. These form. of cancer treatm.nts usually have enorm.us side effects on the subjects. In this respect, an alternative form.of treatm.nt would be effective in m.naging cancer patients. A substantial num.er of natural products have been observed to be effective in the m.nagem.nt of cancer. These natural products include plants and other natural substances such as honey. This study focuses on the efficiency of natural products in the treatm.nt of cancer. Also, the anticancer effects of Peganum.harm.la, m.nuka honey, and Saudi honey will be analyzed. Bee honey and Peganum.harm.la have been traditionally used in the treatm.nt of cancer. The extracts from.Peganum.harm.la plant have also been shown to exhibit divers’ antitum.r effects sim.lar to the m.de of action of a vast num.er of anticancer agents. These established hypotheses thus give the rationale for this study. In this experim.nt, extracts were obtained from.Peganum.harm.la leaves and exposed to cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. Sim.larly, solutions of m.nuka honey and Saudi honey were exposed to the cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. The experim.nt duration was 24 hours, which obtained results were recorded and analyzed. Peganum.harm.la extracts inhibit cancer cell growth at different and achievable concentrations. m.nuka honey highly inhibits the growth of HeLa cancer cells

关键词： Peganum.harm.la m.nuka Honey Saudi Honey Anticancer Apoptosis Natural Products

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Interactions of Aurein with m.del m.m.ranes and Antim.larials

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Am.rican Journal of Analytical Chem.stry 2024年第2期15卷 72-98页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey Nsoki Pham.u Naif m. Alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAHFS University of California Davis Davis USA

Aurein is a cationic antim.crobial peptide, rich in phenylalanine residues. Although the peptide has been extensively studied, its m.chanism.of action is not fully understood and has not been established. This project is focused on studying the interactions of aurein with m.del biological m.m.ranes and antim.larials using Fourier Transform.Infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, dynam.c light scattering (DLS), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., therm.gravim.tric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC) techniques. FTIR data revealed conform.tional changes to the secondary structure of the peptide in the presence of the m.del m.m.ranes. The strongest interactions of aurein were found with DOPC and lipid raft system.. Fluorescence data revealed som. differences in the m.chanism.of interaction between aurein and lipid rafts. Topographical analysis was perform.d using atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm.. AFm.im.ges of the peptide with its lipid rafts showed a change in surface roughness suggesting a different m.chanism.of interaction. DLS data in agreem.nt with FTIR confirm.d that aurein interacts differently with the lipid rafts. The results gathered from.this study provided new insights on the interaction of aurein. On the other hand, drug-drug interaction issues continue to present a m.jor dilem.a for the clinician caring for com.lex patients such as those infected with infectious disease. This study has exam.ned the interaction of aurein with quinine, prim.quine, and chloroquine. Significant interactions between aurein and antim.larials occured at a higher concentration of antim.larials. Interactions between aurein and anti-m.larials reveal a strong interaction between aurein and prim.quine. Interactions between aurein and quinine or chloroquine were found to be weak and negligible. FTIR, TGA, and DSC m.y be used in a com.lem.ntary way to gain insights into the possible drug-drug interactions involving aurein. These studies are needed to initiate in vivo controlled interaction studies between antibiotics and anti

关键词： Aurein Fluorescence DPPC SPm cholesterol DPPC-SPm.CHOL Quinine Antim.larials

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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly Styrene-Co-Poly 2-Hydroxyethylm.thacrylate (HEm.) Copolym.r and an Investigation of Free-Radical Copolym.rization Propagation Kinetics by Solvent Effects

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Open Journal of Polym.r Chem.stry 2024年第1期14卷 63-93页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey Ishrat Khan Naif m. Alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAHFS University of California Davis Davis California

A series of hom. and copolym.rs of styrene (ST) and 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate (HEm.) in three different m.dia (bulk, tetrahydrofuran, and benzene) have been investigated by free radical polym.rization m.thod. The sam.les obtained from.the synthesis were characterized by Fourier Transform.Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear m.gnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H Nm.), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC). The results show that the synthesis of the polym.rs is m.re feasible under neat conditions rather than solvent directed reaction. m.reover, the DSC data shows that the polystyrene obtained is am.rphous in nature and therefore displayed only a glass transition signal rather than crystallization and m.lting peaks. In addition, this study indicates that hom.lopolym.rization of styrene via free radical polym.rization tends to be preferable in less polar solvents like THF than in non-polar solvents like benzene. Benzene m.ght destabilize the form.tion of the reactive radicals leading to the form.tion of the products. In sum.ary, the hom.lpolym.rization of styrene is m.re feasible than the hom.polym.rization 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate under the experim.ntal setup used. Styrene is m.re reactive than 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate than free radical polym.rization reaction due in part of the generation of the benzylic radical interm.diate which is m.re stable leading to the form.tion of products than alkyl radical which are less stable. Furtherm.re, polym.rization of styrene under neat conditions is preferable in solvent-assisted environm.nts. The choice of solvent for the synthesis of these polym.rs is crucial and therefore the selection of solvent that leads to the form.tion of a m.re stable reaction interm.diate is m.re favorable. It is worth noting that the structure of the proposed copolym.r consists of a highly polar and hydrophilic m.nom.r, 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate and a highly non-polar and hydrophobic m.nom.r, styrene. These functionalities constitute an

关键词： 2-Hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate Polym.rization

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Effects of Supplem.ntal Glutam.ne and Lysine on Growth Perform.nce of Broiler Chickens

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 101-122页

作者： Ali F. Alsogair Naif m. Alhawiti Sam.el N. Nahashon National Center for Wildlife Riyadh KSA California Anim.l Health and Food Safety Laboratory University of California Davis Davis USA Departm.nt of Agricultural and Environm.ntal Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA

The optim.m.levels of Lysine and Glutam.ne needed for growth perform.nce and m.intenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a random.zed 3 × 4 factorial arrangem.nt of dietary treatm.nts. The battery cages m.asured 99 × 66 × 25 cm.that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatm.nts com.rising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in com.ination with 4 concentrations of Glutam.ne (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatm.nt was replicated 3 tim.s and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum.with a 23-hour light regim.n for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experim.ntal birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consum.tion, and feed conversion in order to determ.ne their optim.m.requirem.nt for dietary Lysine and Glutam.ne. Based on the findings of this study, the highest perform.nce was observed in birds fed the diet supplem.nted with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutam.ne, but the highest im.rovem.nt in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutam.ne, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutam.ne had the highest total body weight gain and feed consum.tion. The lysine requirem.nts in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutam.ne level of 1%.

关键词： Broiler Chickens Lysine Glutam.ne Am.no Acid Dietary Protein Essentials AAs Non-Essential Am.no Acids

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Antibacteria Activity of Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.Leaves Extracts

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Advances in m.crobiology 2024年第2期14卷 122-136页

作者： Naif m. Alhawiti Agnes K. Nthenge Waeel H. Alram.dhan William.Boadi Abdulrahm.n F. Alqahtani Elber-Lewis m.les CAHFS University of California Davis USA Departm.nt of Agricultural and Environm.ntal Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Saudi Food and Drug Authority Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The use of antibiotics in hum.ns and anim.ls has been m.rked as a significant step in health due to their effectiveness in controlling and treating bacterial infections. The m.suse and overuse of antibiotics have been identified as risk factors for bacterial resistance since m.croorganism. adapt and develop m.chanism. to defend against antibiotics. According to the Centers for Disease Protection and Control (CDC), around 23,000 individuals die every year in the United States due to antibiotic resistance com.lications. As a result, a dem.nd for alternative treatm.nts has been a goal for scientists as the m.crobes adapt to selective pressure. The aim.of this study is to test the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.on both Gram.positive and Gram.negative bacteria on various m.dium.. The results of the study showed that both P. harm.la and H. salicornicum.inhibited the bacterial growth in two different m.dia. The results were also com.ared with different com.on antibiotics used in both hum.n’s and anim.l’s fields and showed a prom.sing outcom. as alternative antibiotics.

关键词： Peganum.harm.la Haloxylon salicornicum Antibiotics Resistance m.dicinal Plants Gram.Positive Gram.Negative

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Perform.nce and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorm. H. Abram.wicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam.Bourdarios L. Adam.zyk S.V. Addepalli m.J. Addison J. Adelm.n A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik m.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahm.d F. Ahm.dov W.S. Ahm.d S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tam.ihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akim.v D. Akiyam. N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H.m.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alim.nti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.m.m. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m.G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Am.ral Coutinho A. Am.ler C. Am.lung m. Am.rl C.G. Am.s D. Am.dei S.P. Am.r Dos Santos K.R. Am.s V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angeram. A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m.T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo m.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assam.gan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atm.ni P.A. Atm.siddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backm.n A. Badea P. Bagnaia m. Bahm.ni A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubram.nian E.m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.m. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieram.nte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari m.S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron m. The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from.quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an im.ortant role in various analyses perform.d at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard m.del m.asurem.nts and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced background.This paper describes the m.asurem.nt of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated lum.nosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS experim.nt.Two taggers with high perform.nces in rejecting jets from.gluon over jets from.quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirem.nts on the num.er of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other com.ines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A m.thod is established to determ.ne the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsam.les defined by the jet pseudorapidity.Differences in tagging efficiency between data and sim.lation are provided for jets with transverse m.m.ntum.between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for m.ltiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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