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Positional goods and the challenge of chinese regional inequality

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Economic and Political Studies 2018年第1期6卷 4-10页

作者： John v.c.Nye Department of Economics George Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA NRU-Higher Schoolof Economics MoscowRussia

Scholars have focussed on income inequality as a major source of social *** the focus on crude income inequality has masked the deeper developmental problem facing many fast-growing *** is an extreme case of this issue inasmuch as its coastal regions can be viewed as comparable to middle income states,while the greater part of its rural and west-erm areas would be comparable to the poorer nations of the *** means that the new middle class pays attention to issues such as pollution and status or positional goods than simple material *** costs of houses are in particular less than *** status goods are similar because they are not amenable to simple productivity *** will make policies more difficult as conflict increases between those areas who are still eager for basic economic development and those richer areas whose wants and needs start to more closely resemble the preferences of richer developed countries.

关键词： Positional goods regional inequality statusgoods

P2X7 receptor blockade decreases inflammation,apoptosis,and enteric neuron loss during clostridioides difficile toxin A-induced ileitis in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第30期28卷 4075-4088页

作者： Ana A Q A santos Deiziane v S costa Danielle A Foschetti Antoniella S G Duarte conceicao S Martins Pedro M G Soares Patricia castelucci Gerly A c Brito Department of Morphology School of MedicineFederal University of CearaFortaleza 60430-170CearaBrazil Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of MedicineFederal University of CearáFortaleza 60430-170CearaBrazil Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine School of MedicineFederal University of CearaFortaleza 60430-170CearaBrazil Department of Morphology(UFc) Federal University of CearaFortaleza 60430-170CearaBrazil Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSao Paulo 05508-270Brazil Department of Morphology Federal University of CearaFortaleza 60140-170CearaBrazil

clostridioides difficile(***)is the most common pathogen causing health care-associated *** TcdA and TcdB have been shown to activate enteric neurons;however,what population of these cells is more profoundly influenced and the mechanism underlying these effects remain *** To characterize a specific population of TcdA-affected myenteric neurons and investigate the role of the P2X7 receptor in TcdA-induced ileal inflammation,cell death,and the changes in the enteric nervous system in *** Swiss mice were used to model TcdA-induced ileitis in ileal loops exposed to TcdA(50μg/Loop)for 4 *** investigate the role of the P2X7 receptor,Brilliant Blue G(50 mg/kg,i.p.),which is a nonspecific P2X7 receptor antagonist,or A438079(0.7μg/mouse,i.p.),which is a competitive P2X7 receptor antagonist,were injected one hour prior to TcdA *** samples were collected to analyze the expression of the P2X7 receptor(by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry),the population of myenteric enteric neurons(immunofluorescence),histological damage,intestinal inflammation,cell death(terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferasemediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling),neuronal loss,and S100B synthesis(immunohistochemistry).RESULTS TcdA upregulated(Pceptor gene in the ileal tissues,increasing the level of this receptor in myenteric neurons compared to that in control *** with the control mice indicated that TcdA promoted(Pc calretinin+(calr)and choline acetyltransferase+neurons and increased the number of nitrergic+and calr+neurons expressing the P2X7 *** of the P2X7 receptor decreased TcdAinduced intestinal damage,cytokine release[interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor-α],cell death,enteric neuron loss,and S100B synthesis in the mouse *** Our findings demonstrated that TcdA induced the upregulation of the P

关键词： clostridioides difficile clostridioides difficile toxin A P2X7 receptor Enteric nervous system Enteric neuron Enteric glia

The role of rhizobacteria in rice plants: Growth and mitigation of toxicity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2636-2647页

作者： Marcela c F Rêgo Aline F cardoso Thayná da c Ferreira Marta c c de Filippi Telma F v Batista Rafael G viana Gisele B da Silva Plant Protection Laboratory Institute of Agrarian Sciences Federal Rural University of Amazon Phytopathology Laboratory Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research-Rice and Beans

Allelopathic compounds reduce the growth and productivity of upland rice plants, especially in consecutive plantations. The rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens BRM-32111 and Burkholderia pyrrocinia BRM-32113 have been recorded as growth promoters in rice. This study was developed to understand the effect of the application of rhizobacteria on upland rice plants in consecutive plantations. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications of four treatments: rice seed inoculated with P. fluorescens BRM-32111, rice seed inoculated with B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113(both sown on soil with rice residue), non-inoculated plants sown on soil with rice residue(control with residue(WR)), and non-inoculated plants on soil with no residue(NR). Roots and seedling growth were adversely affected by allelopathic compounds in control WR plants. Plants inoculated with rhizobacteria P. fluorescens BRM-32111 or B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113 induced an increase of 88% in biomass, 3% in the leaf area, 40% in length, 67% in root biomass, 21% in chlorophyll a, 53% in chlorophyll(a+b), 50% in rate of carbon assimilation(A), 227% in A/rubisco carboxylation efficiency(ci) and 63% in water use efficiency(WUE) compared to control WR plants. These results indicate that rhizobacteria P. fluorescens BRM-32111 and B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113 increase the tolerance of rice plants to stress from allelochemicals. There are possible practical agricultural applications of these results for mitigating the effects of environmental allelochemistry on upland rice.

关键词： allelopathy B.pyrrocinia P.fluorescens rhizobacteria rice

Development and characterization of 3caO·P_(2)O_(5)-SiO_(2)-MgO glass-ceramics with different crystallization degree

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Journal of Advanced ceramics 2013年第4期2卷 378-388页

作者： juliana Kelmy M.F.DAGUANO Paulo A.SUZUKI Kurt STREcKER JoséMartinho Marques de OLIvEIRA Maria Helena Figueira vaz FERNANDES claudinei santos Universidade de São Paulo-Escola de Engenharia de Lorena USP-EEL-Pólo Urbo-Industrials/nGleba AI-6Lorena-SPCEP 12600-000Brazil Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei -UFSJ-CENENCampus S^(to)Antônio-Praça Frei Orlando 170-CentroS.J.del-Rei-MG.CEP 36307-352Brazil Escola Superior Aveiro Norte Edifício Rainha3720-232 O.AzeméisPortugal Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 AveiroPortugal Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-Faculdade de Tecnologia de Resende-UERJ-FAT-Rod.Presidente Dutra km298Resende-RJCEP 27537-000Brazil

The caO-P_(2)O_(5)-SiO_(2)-MgO system presents several compounds used as biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite(HA),tricalcium phosphate(TcP)and TcP with magnesium substituting partial calcium(TcMP).Theβ-TcMP phase with whitlockite structure has interesting biological features and mechanical properties,meeting the requirements of a bioactive material for bone *** this work,the production of Mg-doped TcP,β-TcMP,has been investigated by crystallization from a glass composed of 52.75 wt%3caO·P_(2)O_(5),30 wt%SiO_(2)and 17.25 wt%MgO(i.e.,31.7 mol%caO,10.6 mol%P_(2)O_(5),26.6 mol%MgO and 31.1 mol%SiO_(2))using heat treatments between 775℃and 1100℃for up to 8 *** devitrification process of the glass has been accompanied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSc),high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD),relative density and bending strength *** characterization by HRXRD and DSc revealed the occurrence of whitlockite soon after the bulk glass preparation,a transient non-cataloged silicate between 800℃and 1100℃,and the formation of diopside in samples treated at 1100℃as crystalline *** overall crystalline fraction varied from 26%to 70%depending on the heat ***,contraction of the a-axis lattice parameter and expansion of the c-axis lattice parameter of the whitlockite structure have been observed during the heat treatments,which were attributed to theβ-TcMP formation with the partial substitution of ca^(2+)by Mg^(2+).Relative densities near 99%and 97%for the glass and glass-ceramics respectively indicated a discrete reduction as a function of the devitrification *** strengths of 70 MPa and 120 MPa were determined for the glass and glass-ceramic material crystallized at 975℃for 4 h,respectively.

关键词： glass-ceramics heat treatment high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) bending strength

Does cypermethrin affect enzyme activity, respiration rate and walking behavior of the maize weevil （Sitophilus zeamais）？

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 358-366页

作者： Ronnie von santos veloso Eliseu Jose G. Pereira Raul Narciso c. Guedes Maria Goreti A. Oliveira Departamento de Entomologia Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Vicosa Brazil

Insecticides cause a range of sub-lethal effects on targeted insects, which are frequently detrimental to them. However, targeted insects are able to cope with insecti- cides within sub-lethal ranges, which vary with their susceptibility. Here we assessed the response of three strains of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky （coleoptera.＂ curculionidae） to sub-lethal exposure to the pyrethoid insecticide cypermethrin. We ex- pected enzyme induction associated with cypermethrin resistance since it would aid the resistant insects in surviving such exposure. Lower respiration rate and lower activity were also expected in insecticide-resistant insects since these traits are also likely to favor survivorship under insecticide exposure. curiously though, cypermethrin did not affect ac- tivity of digestive and energy metabolism enzymes, and even reduced the activity of some enzymes （particularly for cellulase and cysteine-proteinase activity in this case）. There was strain variation in response, which may be （partially） related to insecticide resistance in some strains. Sub-lethal exposure to cypermethrin depressed proteolytic and mainly cellulolytic activity in the exposed insects, which is likely to impair their fitness. However, such exposure did not affect respiration rate and walking behavior of the insects （except for the susceptible strain where walking activity was reduced）. Walking activity varies with strain and may minimize insecticide exposure, which should be a concern, particularly if associated with （physiological） insecticide resistance.

关键词： insecticides insecticide resistance pyrethroids stored grain insect sub-lethal effects

A ONE-STOP LOGISTIc SERvIcES FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING GLOBAL SUPPLY cHAIN cOLLABORATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第2期25卷 229-253页

作者： Amy J.c. Trappey charles v. Trappey Sandy W.c. chang W.T. Lee Tun Nien Hsu Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan China Department of Management Science National Chiao Tung University Taiwan China Technology center for Service Industries Industrial Technology Research Institute Taiwan China

A global enterprise must continuously improve the efficiency of logistic operations between supply chain collaborators. Integrating logistic services, resources, and necessary information flows in the supply chain to ensure efficiency and efficacy is critically important to these companies. Global logistic service companies face challenges from their clients to provide logistic services that are cost effective, accurate, and seamlessly integrate material, information and cash flows. In this research, an improved framework for one-stop logistic services is systematically designed, analyzed, and evaluated. The one-stop logistic service framework, defmed in four models, is developed to provide enterprises with integrated and comprehensive services within the global supply chain context. The levels of service importance are assessed using a four categories questionnaire. This research provides a case study of the implementation of one-stop logistic services in the distribution industry and demonstrates the framework operating under different demand conditions. Finally, system dynamics causal evaluation is used to evaluate the advantages of the logistic service framework.

关键词： One-stop logistic services logistic management supply chain management system dynamics modeling

Importance, features and uses of metal oxide catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis

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chinese Journal of catalysis 2019年第11期40卷 1627-1636页

作者： Jacques c. védrine Sorbonne Université Laboratoire de réactivité de surface UMR-CNRS 7197 4 place Jussieu. F-75252 Paris France

This short review paper aims at assembling the present state of the art of the multiuses of metal oxides in heterogeneous catalysis, concerning liquid and gaseous phases of the reactant mixtures on solid catalysts. It includes the description of the main types of metal oxide catalysts, of their various preparation procedures and of the main reactions catalysed by them (acid-base type, selective and total oxidations, bi-functional catalysis, photocatalysis, biomass treatments, environmental catalysis and some of the numerous industrial applications). challenges and prospectives are also discussed.

关键词： Heterogeneous catalysis Metal oxide catalyst Preparation procedure Acid-base reaction Selective and total oxidation reaction Photocatalysis Environmental catalysis Industrial process

Atomic Processes in Emission characteristics of a Lithium Plasma Plume Formed by Double-Pulse Laser Ablation

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第3期15卷 204-208页

作者： v.SIvAKUMARAN AJAI KUMAR R.K.SINGH v.PRAHLAD H.c.JOSHI Institute for Plasma Research

High resolution spectral analysis of lithium plasma formed by single and double laser ablation has been undertaken to understand the plume-laser interaction, especially at the early stages of the plasma plume. In order to identify different atomic processes in evolving plasma, time resolved spectral emission studies at different inter-pulse delays have been performed for ionic and neutral lithium lines emitting from different levels. Along with the enhancement in emission intensity, a large line broadening and spectral shift, especially in the case of excited state transition Li I 610.3 nm have been observed in the presence of the second pulse. This broadening and shift gradually decrease with increasing time delay. Another interesting feature is the appearance of a multi-component structure in the ionic line at 548.4 nm and these components change conversely into a single structure at the later stages of the plasma. The multi-component structures are correlated with the presence of different velocity （temperature） distributions in non-LTE conditions. Atomic analyses by computing photon emissivity coefficients with an ADAS code have been used to identify the above processes.

关键词： laser ablation double pulse

Artificial neural network with modified rider optimization for design and control of Pv-integrated quasi Z-source cascaded multilevel inverter system

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific computing 2021年第1期12卷 87-111页

作者： v.c.Harish Kumar S.Amala Shanthi Department of EEE NICHE ThuckalayKanyakumariTamil NaduIndia Department of EcE NICHEThuckalayKanyakumariTamil NaduIndia

The modeling of the controller for quasi Z-Source cascaded Multilevel Inverter(qZScMI)-dependent 3-phase grid-tie Photovoltaic(Pv)power system is considered in this *** state-of-the-art controller requires precise conceptual models and sophisticated optimization principles based on the derived ***,such processes are limited to known system models,which are uncertain in future ***,the controller for 3-phase qZS-cMI is modeled based on two phases,and the source Pv voltage and output grid current are *** Phase I,optimized Proportional Integral(PI)controller is used for finding out the total Pv voltage,and Phase II utilizes the optimized Proportional Resonant(PR)controller enabled with the Artificial Neural Network(ANN)for controlling the grid *** two phases,the modified optimization algorithm called Fitness Enabled-Rider Optimization Algorithm(FE-ROA)is ***,in Phase II,ANN is trained in an offline mode with the exact dataset arranged by the proposed FE-ROA,and it guarantees the control of grid *** two phases plan to optimize the gain of both PI and PR controllers respectively using the same proposed *** main objective of phase I is to lessen the error among the reference Pv voltage,and measured voltage,and phase II is to lessen the error among the reference and measured grid ***,the grid-tie current injection is achieved by the developed module,and system-level control offers independent Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT).Lastly,the performance of the proposed controller for qZS-cMI is compared over the other controllers and substantiates the efficacy of the proposed one.

关键词： qZS-cMI PI controller PR controller artificial neural network fitness enabled-rider optimization algorithm