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Stochastic Computing Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Reinvented for Highly Efficient Artificial Intelligence Workload on Field-Programmable Gate Array

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Research 2024年第2期2024卷 55-79页

作者： Yang Yang Lee zaini Abdul Halim Mohd Nadhir Ab Wahab Tarik Adnan Almohamad School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaNibong Tebal 14300 Penang Malaysia School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGelugor11800 PenangMalaysia Electrical-Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKarabuk University78050 KarabukTurkiye

Stochastic computing(SC)has a substantial amount of study on application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)design for artificial intelligence(AI)edge computing,especially the convolutional neural network(CNN)***,SC has little to no optimization on field-programmable gate array(FPGA).Scaling up the ASIC logic without FPGA-oriented designs is inefficient,while aggregating thousands of bitstreams is still challenging in the conventional *** research has reinvented several FPGA-efficient 8-bit SC CNN computing architectures,i.e.,SC multiplexer multiply-accumulate,multiply-accumulate function generator,and binary rectified linear unit,and successfully scaled and implemented a fully parallel CNN model on Kintex7 *** proposed SC hardware only compromises 0.14%accuracy compared to binary computing on the handwriting Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology classification task and achieved at least 99.72%energy saving per image feedforward and 31?more data throughput than modern *** to SC,early decision termination pushed the performance baseline exponentially with minimum accuracy loss,making SC CNN extremely lucrative for AI edge computing but limited to classification *** SC's inherent noise heavily penalizes CNN regression performance,rendering SC unsuitable for regression tasks.

关键词： hardware Highly rendering

Research on the Dual-Creation Talent Training Model of New Energy Automobile Based on Virtual Simulation

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2024年第4期8卷 236-240页

作者： Yanrui Qu Syaza Hazwani zaini Faculty of Education Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris35900 Tanjong MalimPerakMalaysia Changchun Technical University of Automobile Changchun 130013Jilin ProvinceChina

At present,as China vigorously develops new energy automobiles,the social demand for related talents has increased significantly,so the relevant institutions need to optimize and adjust the talent training mode to help the development of new energy *** paper summarizes the existing problems of China’s new energy automobile talent training mode,and analyzes the significance of the virtual simulation-based dual-creation talent training mode of new energy automobile and its specific implementation strategies,in order to provide references for the relevant personnel.

关键词： Virtual simulation New energy automobile Dual-creation Talent training

Nutritional and therapeutic benefits of coconut milk and its potential as a plant-based functional yogurt alternative: a review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Gengghatarani Gengan Nurul Solehah Mohd zaini Nazamid Saari Anis Shobirin Meor Hussin Ahmad Haniff Jaafar Hanan Hasan Elicia Jitming Lim Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney

Plant-based milks are on the rise due to an increased awareness of their sustainability and health benefits. Currently， dairy milk is the most nutritionally complete beverage， but it suffers from the presence of indigestible lactose and allergenic proteins. Coconut milk has been around for a long time， but its application is limited due to a perceived lack of specific nutrients， high saturated fat levels， and low acceptability. Recent evidence indicates， however， that the saturated fat and other plant-based components found in coconut milk are good for metabolic outcomes and brain health. The conversion of coconut milk to yoghurt will further improve its functionality by boosting its existing nutritional qualities. In this article， the nutritional value of coconut milk， as well as its potential downsides， its application as yoghurt， and suggestions for enhancing its nutritional functionality will be examined.

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Beta-cyclodextrin adsorbents to remove water pollutants-a commentary

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 1407-1423页

作者： Fadina Amran Muhammad Abbas Ahmad zaini Centre of Lipids Engineering&Applied Research(CLEAR) Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific&Industrial Research(ISI-SIR)Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohorMalaysia School of Chemical&Energy Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohorMalaysia

Beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbent is a promising adsorbent because it has unique characteristics and able to form host-guest complexes with various organic *** using beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbent has continuously improved by various preparation strategies and crosslinking *** commentary aims to highlight the preparation strategies,properties,and adsorption mechanisms of beta-cyclodextrin-based *** adsorbents can be generally classified according to the preparation methods and display high adsorption capacity especially for ***,composite/nanocomposite beta-cyclodextrin-based adsorbents exhibit outstanding adsorption capacity even though the surface area is lower than that of porous and magnetic betacyclodextrin-based *** beta-cyclodextrin/chitosan functionalized graphene oxide hydrogel with specific surface of 17.6 m^(2)·g^(–1)yields an extraordinarily maximum adsorption capacity of 1499 mg·g^(–1)methylene blue,while beta-cyclodextrin/chitosan modified with iron(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)oxide nanoparticles displays a much greater maximum adsorption capacity at 2780 mg·g^(–1).The hydrophobic interaction,functional groups,hydrogen bonding,and electrostatic interaction govern the adsorption to a greater *** this commentary is not exhaustive,the preparation strategies and illustrated mechanisms provide useful insights into the adsorbent–adsorbate interactions,costeffective analysis,challenges,and future directions of betacyclodextrin-based adsorbents in wastewater treatment.

关键词： beta-cyclodextrin adsorbent adsorption inclusion complex mechanism water pollutant wastewater treatment

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Forecasting of Appliances House in a Low-Energy Depend on Grey Wolf Optimizer

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2303-2314页

作者： Hatim G.zaini Computer Engineering Department College of Computer and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityAl HuwayaTaif 26571Saudi Arabia

This paper gives and analyses data-driven prediction models for the energy usage of *** utilized include readings of temperature and humidity sensors from a wireless *** building envelope is meant to minimize energy demand or the energy required to power the house independent of the appliance and mechanical system *** a mapping function between the input variables and the continuous output variable is the work of *** paper discusses the forecasting framework FOPF(Feature Optimization Prediction Framework),which includes feature selection optimization:by removing non-predictive parameters to choose the best-selected feature hybrid optimization technique has been approached.k-nearest neighbors(KNN)Ensemble Prediction Models for the data of the energy use of appliances have been tested against some bases machine learning *** comparison study showed the powerful,best accuracy and lowest error of KNN with RMSE=***,the suggested ensemble model’s performance is assessed using a one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.(Two-tailed P-value:0.0001).

关键词： Prediction optimization appliances energy feature selection

Robust and High Accuracy Algorithm for Detection of Pupil Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 33-50页

作者： Waleed El Nahal Hatim G.zaini Raghad H.zaini Sherif S.M.Ghoneim Ashraf Mohamed Ali Hassan Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMSA UniversityCO12585Egypt Computer Engineering Department College of Computer and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringSinai UniversityArishCO45511Egypt

Recently,many researchers have tried to develop a robust,fast,and accurate *** algorithm is for eye-tracking and detecting pupil position in many applications such as head-mounted eye tracking,gaze-based human-computer interaction,medical applications(such as deaf and diabetes patients),and attention *** real-world conditions challenge the eye appearance,such as illumination,reflections,and *** the other hand,individual differences in eye physiology and other sources of noise,such as contact lenses or *** present work introduces a robust pupil detection algorithm with and higher accuracy than the previous attempts for real-time analytics *** proposed circular hough transform with morphing canny edge detection for Pupillometery(CHMCEP)algorithm can detect even the blurred or noisy images by using different filtering methods in the pre-processing or start phase to remove the blur and noise and finally the second filtering process before the circular Hough transform for the center fitting to make sure better *** performance of the proposed CHMCEP algorithm was tested against recent pupil detection *** and results show that the proposed CHMCEP algorithm achieved detection rates of 87.11,78.54,58,and 78 according to´Swirski,ExCuSe,Else,and labeled pupils in the wild(LPW)data sets,*** results show that the proposed approach performs better than the other pupil detection methods by a large margin by providing exact and robust pupil positions on challenging ordinary eye pictures.

关键词： Pupil detection eye tracking pupil edge morphing techniques eye images dataset

Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Study of Methane on Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbon

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第1期8卷 66-77页

作者： Mohd Saufi Md zaini Muhammad Arshad Syed Shatir A.Syed-Hassan School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan TerengganuKampus Bukit BesiDungun 23200Malaysia Department of Basic Science Jhang-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal ScienceLahore 35200Pakistan School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARAShah Alam 40450Malaysia

Activated carbon(AC)was synthesized from palm kernel shell(PKS)using different activating agents,i.e.,steam,carbon dioxide(CO 2),and CO 2-steam,in order to analyze the impact of acti-vating agents on the pore opening of *** this study,AC produced from PKS was found to have great potential as an adsorbent for methane *** different molecular diffusivity and reac-tivity of the combination of CO 2 and steam succeeded in producing AC with the highest burn-offof 78.57%,a surface area of 869.82 m 2/g,a total pore volume of 0.47 cm 3/g,and leading to maximum methane gas adsorption capacity of 4.500 mol/*** types of ACs exhibited the best fit with the Freundlich isotherm model,with the correlation coefficient(R 2)ranging from 0.997 to 0.999,indicating the formation of multilayer *** addition,the adsorption kinetic data for all ACs followed the pseudo-first-order model showing that the rate of adsorption was dependent on both the adsorbent and the adsorbate and was governed primarily by physical ad-sorption between the pore surface and methane *** results of intraparticle diffusion model indicated that the adsorption of methane was affected by both pore diffusion and exterior layer diffusion due to the different adsorption rates.

关键词： Palm kernel shell Activated carbon Methane adsorption Kinetic model Isotherm model

Energy Emissions Profile and Floating Solar Mitigation Potential for a Malaysia’s State

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地球与环境科学(英文) 2023年第2期5卷 50-60页

作者： Suraya Nabilah zaini Azlin Mohd Azmi Annie Syazrin Ismail School of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Mara(UiTM)Shah Alam Selangor40450Malaysia Solar Research Institute(SRI) Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Shah AlamSelangor40450Malaysia Jabatan Perancangan Majlis Bandaraya Shah AlamWisma MBSAPersiaran PerbandaranShah AlamSelangor40000Malaysia

The establishment of the National Low Carbon City Master Plan(NLCCM)by Malaysia’s government presents a significant opportunity to minimize carbon emissions at the subnational or local scales,while simultaneously fostering remarkable economic ***,the lack of data management and understanding of emissions at the subnational level are hindering effective climate policies and planning to achieve the nationally determined contribution and carbon neutrality *** is an urgent need for a subnational emission inventory to understand and manage subnational emissions,particularly that of the energy sector which contribute the biggest to Malaysia’s *** research aims to estimate carbon emissions for Selangor state in accordance with the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories(GPC),for stationary energy *** study also evaluates the mitigation potential of Floating Solar Photovoltaic(FSPV)proposed for *** was found that the total stationary energy emission for Selangor for the year 2019 was 18,070.16 ktCO2e,contributed the most by the Manufacturing sub-sector(40%),followed by the Commercial and Institutional sub-sector;with 82%contribution coming from the Scope 2 *** highest sub-sector of Scope 1 emissions was contributed by Manufacturing while Scope 2 emissions from the Commercial and ***,the highest fuel consumed was natural gas,which amounted to 1404.32 ktCO2e(44%)of total *** FSPV assessment showed the potential generation of 2.213 TWh per year,by only utilizing 10%of the identified available ponds and dams in Selangor,equivalent to an emission reduction of 1726.02 ktCO2e,offsetting 11.6%Scope 2 electricity *** results from the study can be used to better evaluate existing policies at the sub-national level,discover mitigation opportunities,and guide the creation of future policies.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emission Floating solar GPC protocol Stationary energy Low carbon state

Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of castor oil from castor seeds

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第12期26卷 2516-2522页

作者： Nur Atirah Ibrahim Muhammad Abbas Ahmad zaini Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia School of Chemical & Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

This study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of castor oil using microwave-assisted solvent extraction(MAE). MAE was performed using 5% ethanol in hexane as solvent at different extraction times, power intensities and solvent-to-feed(S/F, ml of solvent to gram of feed) *** process parameters were optimized by statistical approach using historical data design of response surface method(RSM). The oils were characterized for yield, physicochemical properties, dielectric properties and oxidation stability, and comparison was also made with oil extracted using Soxhlet method. Results show that the maximum oil yield of 37% was obtained at 20 min with microwave power intensity of 330 W and S/F ratio of 20. The main fatty acid composition of castor oil is ricinoleic acid. The density, refractive index, dielectric properties and oxidation stability of oils are not affected by the extraction methods and extraction parameters of MAE. However, the MAE-extracted oil is more viscous compared to that by Soxhlet method. With extra caution on oil oxidation, MAE could be a promising solvent extraction method with an 86% less in processing time and a higher yield.

关键词： Castor seed Castor oil Dielectric properties Microwave-assisted solvent extraction Oxidation stability

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