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Monitoring spatiotemporal soil moisture changes in the subsurface of forest sites using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1649-1662页

作者： julian fäth Julius Kunz Christof Kneisel Institute of Geography and Geology University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany

the effects of drought on tree mortality at forest stands are not completely understood. for assessing their water supply, knowledge of the small-scale distribution of soil moisture as well as its temporal changes is a key issue in an era of climate change. However, traditional methods like taking soil samples or installing data loggers solely collect parameters of a single point or of a small soil volume. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a suitable method for monitoring soil moisture changes and has rarely been used in forests. this method was applied at two forest sites in Bavaria, Germany to obtain high-resolution data of temporal soil moisture variations. Geoelectrical measurements (2D and 3D) were conducted at both sites over several years (2015-2018/2020) and compared with soil moisture data (matric potential or volumetric water content) for the monitoring plots. the greatest variations in resistivity values that highly correlate with soil moisture data were found in the main rooting zone. Using the ERT data, temporal trends could be tracked in several dimensions, such as the interannual increase in the depth of influence from drought events and their duration, as well as rising resistivity values going along with decreasing soil moisture. the results reveal that resistivity changes are a good proxy for seasonal and interannual soil moisture variations. therefore, 2D- and 3D-ERT are recommended as comparatively non-laborious methods for small-spatial scale monitoring of soil moisture changes in the main rooting zone and the underlying subsurface of forested sites. Higher spatial and temporal resolution allows a better understanding of the water supply for trees, especially in times of drought.

关键词： Geoelectrical monitoring forest ecology Hydrology Soil water content

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the Materials Revolution

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第4期3卷 217-234页

作者： julian f.V.Vincent Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

In the final essay of this series the gaps between biology and engineering are examined, and methods are suggested for crossing them. Creativity is seen as the essential, and TRIZ （the Russian theory of Inventive Problem Solving） is recommended as the best set of methods both for stimulating creativity and for solving technical problems. When the catalogue of Inventive Principles of TRIZ is used to bring biology and technology to the same level of detail, the comparison shows that the similarity is only about 12%. the differences largely reside in the reliance of energy as a controlling parameter in conventional technology and the replacement of energy by information in biological systems. Although we might be moving slowly in this direction, a numerically based comparison such as this should provide more impetus.

关键词： the Materials Revolution

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Applications-Some Influences of Engineering Ideas on Biology Being the fifth in a series of essays on the materials of nature

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第2期3卷 99-114页

作者： julian f.V.Vincent Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of BathBath BA2 7AYUK

Ideas from engineering have helped the understanding of biological organisms for thousands of years. However, the mechanical aspects of biological materials and structures can, if properly interpreted and analysed, lead to a deeper understanding of the biology of organisms. Such an approach, although always current in some form, is nevertheless subject to the vagaries of fashion and the availability of analytical techniques. At present we are in a period of upturn. Areas of interest are deployable structures （applications in aerospace）, palaeontology （how little do we need to know in order to create a credible biosphere） and food science （we need a rational approach to the mechanics of food）.

关键词： Applications-Some Influences of Engineering Ideas on Biology Being the fifth in a series of essays on the materials of nature

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Making a Mechanical Organism Being the fourth in a series of essays on the materials of nature

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第1期3卷 43-58页

作者： julian f. V. Vincent Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

Most multicellular organisms can be categorised by two words： hierarchy and composite. the underlying fractal geometry of nature - at least in terms of provision of infrastructure - provides much of the hierarchy, although many materials for which infrastructure is not an integral factor are also strongly hierarchical. Plants can therefore be modelled using recursive computer programs which add structures as the size increases. However, problems with mechanical stability also increase as the structure grows, so the plant changes from deriving stiffness from intevaal pressure to cross-linking the cell wall components permanently. However, this compromises the ability of the plant to grow and repair itself.

关键词： Making a Mechanical Organism Being the fourth in a series of essays on the materials of nature

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Anaesthesia in chronic dialysis patients:A narrative review

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 60-68页

作者： julian Yaxley Department of Medicine Queensland HealthMeadowbrook 4131QldAustralia

the provision of anaesthesia for individuals receiving chronic dialysis can be *** and anaesthesia are frequently managed by critical care clinicians in the intensive care unit or operating *** narrative review summarizes the important principles of sedation and anaesthesia for individuals on long-term dialysis,with reference to the best available *** covered include the pharmacology of anaesthetic agents,the impacts of patient characteristics upon the pre-anaesthetic assessment and critical illness,and the fundamentals of dialysis access procedures.

关键词： Dialysis Sedation Critical care Anaesthesia Intensive care Pharmacology Renal impairment

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Rolling in Nature and Robotics: A Review

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第4期3卷 195-208页

作者： Rhodri H.Armour julian f.V.Vincent Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

this paper presents a review of recent rolling robots including Rollo from Helsinki University of Technology, Spherical Mobile Robot from the Politecnico of Bad, Sphericle from the University of Pisa, Spberobot from Michigan State University, August from Azad University of Qazvin and the University of Tehran, Deformable Robot from Ritsumeijan University, Kickbot from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Gravitational Wheeled Robot from Kinki University, Gyrover from Carnegie Mellon University, Roball from the Université de Sherbrooke, and Rotundus from the Angstroem Space Technology Center. Seven rolling robot design principles are presented and discussed （Sprung central member, Car driven, Mobile masses, Hemispherical wheels, Gyroscopic stabilisation, Ballast mass - fixed axis, and Ballast mass - moving axis）. Robots based on each of the design principles are shown and the performances of the robots are tabulated. An attempt is made to grade the design principles based on their suitability for movement over an unknown and varied but relatively smooth terrain. the result of this comparison suggests that a rolling robot based on a mobile masses principle would be best suited to this specific application. Some wonderful rolling organisms are introduced and defined as ＂active＂ or ＂passive＂ depending on whether they generate their own rolling motion or external forces cause their rolling.

关键词： Rolling robot tumbleweed wheel ballast Gryoscope

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Applications—Influence of Biology on Engineering

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第3期3卷 161-177页

作者： julian f. V. Vincent Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

Examples are presented showing the way in which biological systems produce a range of functions which can be implemented in engineering, such as feedback-control of stiffness （muscles and nervous system）, the design of fault-free structures （trees） and damage-tolerant materials （wood） and high performance insulation （penguin feathers） and shock absorbers （hedgehog spines）.

关键词： Applications Influence of Biology on Engineering

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A New thorny Lacewing (Insecta:Neuroptera:Rhachiberothidae) from the Early Cretaceous Amber of Lebanon

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 828-833页

作者： julian f.PETRULEVICIUS Dany AZAR André NEL Division Paleozoologia Invertebrados Museo de La Plata-UNLP-CONICETArgentina Lebanese University Faculty of Sciences ⅡNatural Sciences DepartmentFanar-MatnLebanon Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Entomologie75005 ParisFrance

A new genus and species of Rhachiberothidae, Raptorapax terribilissima gen. et sp. nov. from the Cretaceous amber of Lebanon is described. the new genus is assigned to the subfamily Paraberothinae. the new material co... 详细信息

关键词： Neuroptera Rhachiberothidae Paraberothinae Neocomian Lower Cretaceous amber Lebanon gen.et sp. nov.

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first Psocodean (Psocodea,Empheriidae) from the Cretaceous Amber of New Jersey

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 762-767页

作者： Dany AZAR Andre NEL julian f.PETRULEVICIUS Lebanese University Faculty of Sciences IINatural Sciences DepartmentFanar-MatnLebanon Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle EntomologieUMR CNRS 7205ParisFrance Division Paleozoologia Invertebrados Museo de La Plata-UNLP-CONICETLa Plata 1900Argentina

Representatives of the extinct psocid family Empheriidae are known from Eocene Baltic amber, Lowermost Eocene french amber （Oise）, and Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber （Alava）. We report herein the first discovery of an empheriid psocid from the Cretaceous amber of New Jersey as Jerseyempheria grimaldii gen. et sp. nov. the fossil is figured and described. the new species is distinguished from related taxa. A discussion and checklist of Empheriidae are provided.

关键词： Psocodea Trogiomorpha Atropetae Empheriidae Turonian Cretaceous amber New Jersey USA

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Biomimetics of Campaniform Sensilla:Measuring Strain from the Deformation of Holes

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第2期4卷 63-76页

作者： julian f. V. Vincent Sally E. Clift Carlo Menon Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of BathBath BA2 7AYUK Advanced Concepts Team European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkThe Netherlands

We present a bio-inspired strategy for designing embedded strain sensors in space structures. In insects, the campaniform sensillum is a hole extending through the cuticle arranged such that its shape changes in response to loads. the shape change is rotated through 90° by the suspension of a bell-shaped cap whose deflection is detected by a cell beneath the cuticle. It can be sensitive to displacements of the order of 1 nm. the essential morphology, a hole formed in a plate of fibrous composite mate- rial, was modelled by Skordos et al. who showed that global deformation of the plate （which can be flat, curved or a tube） induces higher local deformation of the hole due to its locally higher compliance. further developments reported here show that this approach can be applied to groups of holes relative to their orientation. , the morphology of the sensillum in insects suggests that greater sensitivity can be achieved by arranging several holes in a regular pattern; that if the hole is oval it can be ＂aimed＂ to sense specific strain directions; and that either by controlling the shape of the hole or its relationship with other holes it can have a tuned response to dynamic strains. We investigate space applications in which novel bio-inspired strain sensors could successfully be used.

关键词： campaniform sensillum strain displacement compliance hole remote sensing fibrous composite

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