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Biomimetics of.Campanif.rm Sensilla:Measuring Strain f.om the Def.rmation of.Holes

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2007年第2期4卷 63-76页

作者： julian f. v. vincent Sally E. Clif. Carlo Menon Department of.Mechanical Engineering The University of BathBath BA2 7AYUK Adv.nced Concepts Team European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkThe Netherlands

We present a bio-inspired strategy f.r designing embedded strain sensors in space structures. In insects, the campanif.rm sensillum is a hole extending through the cuticle arranged such that its shape changes in response to loads. The shape change is rotated through 90° by the suspension of.a bell-shaped cap whose def.ection is detected by a cell beneath the cuticle. It can be sensitiv. to displacements of.the order of.1 nm. The essential morphology, a hole f.rmed in a plate of.f.brous composite mate- rial, was modelled by Skordos et al. who showed that global def.rmation of.the plate （which can be f.at, curv.d or a tube） induces higher local def.rmation of.the hole due to its locally higher compliance. f.rther dev.lopments reported here show that this approach can be applied to groups of.holes relativ. to their orientation. , The morphology of.the sensillum in insects suggests that greater sensitiv.ty can be achiev.d by arranging sev.ral holes in a regular pattern; that if.the hole is ov.l it can be ＂aimed＂ to sense specif.c strain directions; and that either by controlling the shape of.the hole or its relationship with other holes it can hav. a tuned response to dynamic strains. We inv.stigate space applications in which nov.l bio-inspired strain sensors could successf.lly be used.

关键词： campanif.rm sensillum strain displacement compliance hole remote sensing f.brous composite

The Nature of.Materials

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2005年第2期2卷 93-114页

作者： julian f. v. vincent Centre f.r Biomimetics and Natural Technologies Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

This f.rst essay is about a pending marriage between biology and some of.the technologies of.engineering. It is a story of.a long-standing f.irtation that has been consummated a number of.times, but nev.r properly solemnised, despite repeated attempts, and no one is quite sure how many of.the of.spring, if.any, hav. been v.able. Whether the union will be blessed in the near f.ture is anyone’s guess. In the hope of.helping the marriage on its way, I start with f.ur lucky things the bride has to wear at the wedding f.r the marriage to succeed, at least in one of.the more recent Western traditions.

关键词： The Nature of.Materials

Selected Natural Materials in History

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2005年第3期2卷 161-176页

作者： julian f. v. vincent Centre f.r Biomimetics and Natural Technologies Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

1 Technology of.natural materials Early man used conv.niently shaped stones as tools. ＂Workshop＂ areas hav. been f.und with large numbers of.stones, some showing signs of.being worked. Howev.r, organic materials like wood will decay under normal wet conditions in the presence of.oxygen, so we won＇t f.nd the same sort of.ev.dence f.r wooden tools. It is saf. to assume that early man used sticks as probes and clubs, and maybe ev.n f.r making some sort of.nestlike protection against the elements and predators, since we see chimpanzees and other animals doing this sort of.thing. So wood, and ahnost certainly other plant materials such as f.brous leav.s, and bone and other materials gleaned f.om dead animals, would be used f.om the earliest times. We need to know this in order to establish the idea that Man can be expected to hav. a long history of.the use and manipulation of.natural materials. This needs skills in choosing materials f.r certain uses on the basis of.their mechanical properties, whether those properties are to do with the ease of.shaping the material or the ef.ectiv.ness of.that material in use. Occasionally the material was chosen simply because it was readily av.ilable. If.we f.nd that a particular material was always used f.r a certain job, it＇s reasonable to deduce that Man was exerting materials selection criteria through experience.

关键词： Selected Natural Materials in History

The Materials Rev.lution

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2006年第4期3卷 217-234页

作者： julian f.v.vincent Department of.Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

In the f.nal essay of.this series the gaps between biology and engineering are examined, and methods are suggested f.r crossing them. Creativ.ty is seen as the essential, and TRIZ （the Russian Theory of.Inv.ntiv. Problem Solv.ng） is recommended as the best set of.methods both f.r stimulating creativ.ty and f.r solv.ng technical problems. When the catalogue of.Inv.ntiv. Principles of.TRIZ is used to bring biology and technology to the same lev.l of.detail, the comparison shows that the similarity is only about 12%. The dif.erences largely reside in the reliance of.energy as a controlling parameter in conv.ntional technology and the replacement of.energy by inf.rmation in biological systems. Although we might be mov.ng slowly in this direction, a numerically based comparison such as this should prov.de more impetus.

关键词： The Materials Rev.lution

Making a Mechanical Organism Being the f.urth in a series of.essays on the materials of.nature

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2006年第1期3卷 43-58页

作者： julian f. v. vincent Department of.Mechanical Engineering The University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

Most multicellular organisms can be categorised by two words： hierarchy and composite. The underlying f.actal geometry of.nature - at least in terms of.prov.sion of.inf.astructure - prov.des much of.the hierarchy, although many materials f.r which inf.astructure is not an integral f.ctor are also strongly hierarchical. Plants can theref.re be modelled using recursiv. computer programs which add structures as the size increases. Howev.r, problems with mechanical stability also increase as the structure grows, so the plant changes f.om deriv.ng stif.ness f.om intev.al pressure to cross-linking the cell wall components permanently. Howev.r, this compromises the ability of.the plant to grow and repair itself.

关键词： Making a Mechanical Organism Being the f.urth in a series of.essays on the materials of.nature

Anaesthesia in chronic dialysis patients:A narrativ. rev.ew

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World Journal of.Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 60-68页

作者： julian Yaxley Department of.Medicine Queensland HealthMeadowbrook 4131QldAustralia

The prov.sion of.anaesthesia f.r indiv.duals receiv.ng chronic dialysis can be *** and anaesthesia are f.equently managed by critical care clinicians in the intensiv. care unit or operating *** narrativ. rev.ew summarizes the important principles of.sedation and anaesthesia f.r indiv.duals on long-term dialysis,with ref.rence to the best av.ilable *** cov.red include the pharmacology of.anaesthetic agents,the impacts of.patient characteristics upon the pre-anaesthetic assessment and critical illness,and the f.ndamentals of.dialysis access procedures.

关键词： Dialysis Sedation Critical care Anaesthesia Intensiv. care Pharmacology Renal impairment

Applications-Some Inf.uences of.Engineering Ideas on Biology Being the f.f.h in a series of.essays on the materials of.nature

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2006年第2期3卷 99-114页

作者： julian f.v.vincent Department of.Mechanical Engineering The University of BathBath BA2 7AYUK

Ideas f.om engineering hav. helped the understanding of.biological organisms f.r thousands of.years. Howev.r, the mechanical aspects of.biological materials and structures can, if.properly interpreted and analysed, lead to a deeper understanding of.the biology of.organisms. Such an approach, although always current in some f.rm, is nev.rtheless subject to the v.garies of.f.shion and the av.ilability of.analytical techniques. At present we are in a period of.upturn. Areas of.interest are deployable structures （applications in aerospace）, palaeontology （how little do we need to know in order to create a credible biosphere） and f.od science （we need a rational approach to the mechanics of.f.od）.

关键词： Applications-Some Inf.uences of.Engineering Ideas on Biology Being the f.f.h in a series of.essays on the materials of.nature

Rolling in Nature and Robotics: A Rev.ew

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2006年第4期3卷 195-208页

作者： Rhodri H.Armour julian f.v.vincent Centre f.r Biomimetic and Natural Technologies Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK

This paper presents a rev.ew of.recent rolling robots including Rollo f.om Helsinki Univ.rsity of.Technology, Spherical Mobile Robot f.om the Politecnico of.Bad, Sphericle f.om the Univ.rsity of.Pisa, Spberobot f.om Michigan State Univ.rsity, August f.om Azad Univ.rsity of.Qazv.n and the Univ.rsity of.Tehran, Def.rmable Robot f.om Ritsumeijan Univ.rsity, Kickbot f.om the Massachusetts Institute of.Technology, Grav.tational Wheeled Robot f.om Kinki Univ.rsity, Gyrov.r f.om Carnegie Mellon Univ.rsity, Roball f.om the Univ.rsité de Sherbrooke, and Rotundus f.om the Angstroem Space Technology Center. Sev.n rolling robot design principles are presented and discussed （Sprung central member, Car driv.n, Mobile masses, Hemispherical wheels, Gyroscopic stabilisation, Ballast mass - f.xed axis, and Ballast mass - mov.ng axis）. Robots based on each of.the design principles are shown and the perf.rmances of.the robots are tabulated. An attempt is made to grade the design principles based on their suitability f.r mov.ment ov.r an unknown and v.ried but relativ.ly smooth terrain. The result of.this comparison suggests that a rolling robot based on a mobile masses principle would be best suited to this specif.c application. Some wonderf.l rolling organisms are introduced and def.ned as ＂activ.＂ or ＂passiv.＂ depending on whether they generate their own rolling motion or external f.rces cause their rolling.

关键词： Rolling robot tumbleweed wheel ballast Gryoscope

Current impact in the treatment of.adv.nced hepatocellular carcinoma:The challenge remains

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World Journal of.Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第3期17卷 479-483页

作者： Angelo A de Mattos Cristiane v.Tov. Isadora Z Bombassaro Luis f.f.rreira Department of.Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Rio Grande do SulBrazil School of.Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceQueen’s University of BelfastBelfast BT95BNBelfastUnited Kingdom

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a signif.cant cause of.mortality worldwide,particularly among patients with liv.r *** most cases,surv.illance in cirrhotic patients is neglected,leading to a diagnosis when the neoplasm is at an adv.nced *** this context,Zhou et al carried out a network metaanalysis to demonstrate the ef.ectiv.ness of.hepatic arterial inf.sion chemotherapy,concluding that it is a superior approach compared to soraf.nib and transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of.adv.nced hepatocellular ***,the meta-analysis in question lacks methodological rigor,prev.nting the authors f.om making more def.nitiv. ***,we understand that transarterial chemoembolization,when properly indicated,is a highly ef.ectiv. therapeutic option,and that soraf.nib,giv.n the results of.new therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors,is no longer the recommended drug f.r the treatment of.these ***,we believ. the use of.hepatic arterial inf.sion chemotherapy is increasingly limited and lacks strong scientif.c support.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Meta-analysis Treatment Liv.r diseases Liv.r neoplasms