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Characterizing drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that are bona fide CAR-target genes in mouse intestine

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 475-491页

作者： Shinhee Park Sunny Lihua Cheng julia Yue Cui Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington

Intestine is responsible for the biotransformation of many orally-exposed *** constitutive androstane receptor(CAR/Nr1i3) is known to up-regulate many genes encoding drugmetabolizing enzymes and transporters(drug-processing genes/DPGs) in liver,but less is known regarding its effect in ***-day-old wild-type and Car / mice were administered the CARligand TCPOBOP or vehicle once daily for 4 *** wild-type mice,Car m RNA was down-regulated by TCPOBOP in liver and *** / mice had altered basal intestinal expression of many DPGs in a section-specific *** with the liver data(Aleksunes and Klaassen,2012),TCPOBOP upregulated many DPGs(Cyp2b10,Cyp3a11,Aldh1a1,Aldh1a7,Gsta1,Gsta4,Gstm1-m4,Gstt1,Ugt1a1,Ugt2b34,Ugt2b36,and Mrp2–4) in specific sections of small intestine in a CAR-dependent ***,the m RNAs of Nqo1 and Papss2 were previously known to be up-regulated by TCPOBOP in liver but were not altered in ***,many known CAR-target genes were highest expressed in colon where CAR is minimally expressed,suggesting that additional regulators are involved in regulating their *** conclusion,CAR regulates the basal expression of many DPGs in intestine,and although many hepatic CAR-targeted DPGs were bona fide CAR-targets in intestine,pharmacological activation of CAR in liver and intestine are not identical.

关键词： Drug-processing genes Intestine Mice CAR Drug-metabolizing enzymes Transporters

Phylogenomic analyses shed light on the relationships of chiton superfamilies and shell‑eye evolution

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2023年第4期5卷 525-537页

作者： Xu Liu julia D.Sigwart Jin Sun Key Laboratory of Evolution&Marine Biodiversity(Ministry of Education)and Institute of Evolution&Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Department of Marine Zoology Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt60325 Frankfurt Am MainGermany

Mollusca is the second-largest animal phylum with over 100,000 extant species representing eight *** 1000 extant species in the class Polyplacophora,chitons have a relatively constrained morphology but with some notable *** genera possess“shell eyes”,i.e.,true eyes with a lens and retina that are embedded within the dorsal *** phylogeny of the major chiton clades is mostly well established,in a set of superfamily-level and higher level taxa supported by various approaches,including morphological studies,multiple gene markers,mitogenome-phylogeny,and phylotranscriptomic ***,one critical lineage has remained unclear,namely Schizochiton which was controversially suggested as being the potential independent origin of chiton shell ***,with the draft genome sequencing of Schizochiton incisus(superfamily Schizochitonoidea)plus assemblies of transcriptome data from other polyplacophorans,we present phylogenetic reconstructions using both mitochondrial genomes and phylogenomic approaches with multiple *** found that phylogenetic trees from mitogenomic data are inconsistent,reﬂecting larger scale confounding factors in molluscan ***,a consistent and robust topology was generated with protein-coding genes using diﬀerent models and *** results support Schizochitonoidea as the sister group to other Chitonoidea in Chitonina,in agreement with the established classiﬁ*** with evidence from fossils,our phylogenetic results suggest that the earliest origin of shell eyes is in Schizochitonoidea,and that these structures were also gained secondarily in other genera in *** results have generated a holistic review of the internal relationship within Polyplacophora,and a better understanding of the evolution of Polyplacophora.

关键词： Chiton Mollusca Phylogenomics Polyplacophora Shell eyes

The Secret Life of Chloroplast Precursor Proteins in the Cytosol

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Molecular Plant 2020年第8期13卷 1111-1113页

作者： Athina Hristou julia Grimmer Sacha Baginsky Biochemistry of Plants Faculty of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversit(a)tsstrasse 15044801 BochumGermany Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergCharles Tanford ProteinzentrumKurt-Mothes-Str.3a06120 Halle(Saale)Germany

Eukaryotic cells contain semi-autonomous organelles that have lost most of their coding capacity for essential proteins to the ***,their functioning depends on the cytosolic translation products of nuclear-encoded genes that must be imported by a specialized protein import *** import between 2500 and 3500 proteins for their functioning,demonstrating that the bulk of the chloroplast proteome is shuttied through the cytosol as precursor *** proteins usually contain an N-terminal transit peptide that is cleaved off by a signa/processing peptidase(SPP)and degraded by the chloroplast protease network upon *** the cytosol,precursors can be co-and post-translationally modified,interact with a set of chaperones,co-chaperones,14-3-3 proteins,and/or E3 ligases before they are either imported or degraded by the cytosolic proteasome *** is now clear that precursors are not only a transient transport form of functional proteins but that their cytosolic transition is of regulatory importance.

关键词： specialized autonomous imported

Towards Societies Living with COVID-19

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China CDC weekly 2021年第7期3卷 144-145页

作者： Peter Piot julia Spencer London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine LondonUK

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is undoubtedly the greatest challenge in peacetime facing the world for more than 100 *** country is untouched with more than 100 million confirmed cases and over 2 million deaths as of January 28,2021(1),and the actual number of infections is probably closer to one billion as few countries had sufficient testing capacity to identify all cases,particularly throughout early 2020.

关键词： doubt closer peace

Can we promote neural regeneration through microbiota-targeted strategies? Introducing the new concept of neurobiotics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1965-1966页

作者： Celia Herrera-Rincon julia Murciano-Brea Stefano Geuna Department of Biodiversity Ecology&Evolutionand ModelingData Analysis&Computational Tools for Biology Research GroupBiomathematics UnitComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of TurinTurinItaly

The human body is populated by a large number of microbial colonies,with an estimated 10-100 trillion *** total genome size of human microbial colonies by far overwhelms the size of the host’s *** heterogenous group of microbial colonies(primarily bacteria,but also archaea,eukaryotes and viruses)is referred to with the term microbiota,and although most of them populate the gut,microbes are also detectable in many other organs of the body,especially in the distal tracts of the genitourinary system and the *** the last years,an increasing amount of evidence has been accumulated on how the microbiota exerts a significant influence on the development and physiology of the human body.

关键词： neural organs size

Particulate matter characterization in a steelworks using conventional sampling and innovative lidar observations

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Particuology 2016年第5期14卷 43-51页

作者： Benjamin Guinot Beatriz Gonzalez julia Perim De Faria Sumita Keclia Laboratoire d'Aerologie Universite de Toulouse CNRS Universite Paul-Sabatier 14 Avenue Edouard-Belin 31400 Toulouse France

Particulate matter （PM） emissions from steelworks cause public concern. Although end-of-pipe and pro- cess integrated measures have led to a significant drop in emissions of large particles from stacks, fine aerosols were not specifically considered, nor were emissions from fugitive and open sources. In this study, we deployed aerosol samplers together with a scanning ultra-violet （UV） lidar to characterize total suspended particles （TSP）, PM10, and PM2.5, in emissions from a large integrated steelworks in Spain over a 16-day period. We determined the content of carbonaceous, soluble inorganic, mineral dust, and metal species. A positive matrix factorization was carried out on our dataset. Despite mineral dust being predominant in all size fractions, the steelworks was clearly a source of carbonaceous species, resulting in production of secondary inorganic aerosols. In particular, stack emissions were a major contributor of fine particles, while open sources dominated the emissions of TSP, yielding up to 80% of particles larger than PM10. UV lidar provided 2D maps of aerosols in real time, with an ability to detect PM emissions and to visualize complex plumes. We suggest that air quality management of steelworks needs to focus on controlling large and coarse oarticle emissions, esoeciallv those from onen sources.

关键词： Fine aerosols Fugitive emissions Open sources Chemical composition Trace metals UV lidar

UV-B Radiation Induces Mu Element Somatic Transposition in Maize

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Molecular Plant 2013年第6期6卷 2004-2007页

作者： julia Questa Virginia Walbot Paula Casati Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI) Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina Cell and Developmental Biology John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park UK Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5020 USA

Dear Editor, The maize Mutator （MuDRIMu） transposon family is the most active DNA transposon in plants （Lisch, 2002）. The Mu family contains diverse elements, all sharing similar -215-bp terminal inverted repeats （TIRs）. MuDR is the autonomous element, and a transcriptionally active MuDR is required for transposition of the non-autonomous Mu elements （Chomet et al., 1991）. MuDR contains two genes, mudrA and mudrB （Figure 1A）; mudrA encodes the MURA transposase, and mudrB encodes a protein with unknown function. To avoid the deleterious effects of transposons, plants have acquired mechanisms to epigenetically silence them. Silenced Mu ele- ments become heavily methylated, and their reactivation is very rare. To date, only UV-B radiation treatments have reac- tivated silenced Mu （Walbot, 1999）.

关键词： UV-B 元素辐射诱导玉米换位表观遗传学转座子赋值函数

Earthworms promote greater richness and abundance in the emergence of plant species across a grassland-forest ecotone

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 703-711页

作者： julia Clause Sébastien Barot Estelle Forey Ecodiv URA/EA-1293 Normandie UniversitéUniversitéde RouenIRSTEASFR Scale 4116UFR Sciences et Techniques76821 Mont Saint Aignan CedexFrance Centre de Formation sur l'Environnement et la Société(CERES) Ecole Normale Supérieure24 Rue Lhomond75231 Paris Cedex 5France IRD-iEES Paris 7quai St Bernard75230 Paris Cedex 05France

Aims Chalk grasslands are subject to vegetation dynamics that range from species-rich open grasslands to tall and encroached grasslands,and woods and *** grasslands,earthworms impact plant communities and ecosystem functioning through the modification of soil physical,chemical and microbiological properties,but also through their selective ingestion and vertical transportation of seeds from the soil seed *** experiments showed that seed-earthworm interactions are species specific,but little is known on the impact of seed-earthworm interactions in the *** overall aim of this study was to better understand seed-earthworm interactions and their impact on the plant *** we analyzed the composition of seedlings emerging from casts after earthworm *** we compared seedling composition in casts to the plant composition of emerging seedlings from the soil and of the aboveground vegetation along four stages of the secondary succession of chalk *** Four stages of the secondary succession of a chalk grassland—from open sward to woods—were sampled in Upper Normandy,France,in February *** each successional stage(×3 replicates),we sampled the standing vegetation,soil seed bank at three soil depths(0-2,2-5 and 5-10 cm)and earthworm surface casts along *** and cast samples were water sieved before samples were spread onto trays and placed into a *** seedlings were counted and *** of successional stage and origin of samples on mean and variability of abundance and species richness of seedlings emerging from casts and soil seed banks were *** compositions were compared between all sample *** used generalized mixed-effect models and a distance-based redundancy multivariate *** Findings Seedling abundance was always higher in earthworm casts than in the soil seed bank and increased up to 5-fold,4-fold and 3.5-fold,respectively,in the tall grasslan

关键词： aboveground-belowground interactions earthworm casts seedling emergence secondary succession seed bank

Histological examination of carotid artery tissue in cases of ligature strangulation and hanging

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 247-254页

作者： julia Ulbricht Burkhard Madea Elke Doberentz Institute of Legal Medicine University Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Violence against the neck can result in a range of macromorphological and micromorphological ***,the forensic relevance of the carotid sinus in cases of violence against the neck remains *** this follow-up study of 22 cases of suicidal and accidental strangulations,carotid bifurcations were examined histologically for morphological changes implying direct trauma,including haemorrhage and immunohistochemical expression of heat-shock proteins 27,60,and 70 and *** cases were compared with a control group(82 cases)without neck compression or head trauma and with variable causes of *** relevant histopathological findings implying direct trauma of the carotid bifurcation were *** cases showed positive aquaporin-3 staining and only five cases showed positive heat-shock protein-27 staining,all of which were *** massive trauma of the carotid bifurcation,histological alterations cannot be *** signs of rapid death,findings of acute circulatory failure,macromorphological and micromorphological findings of neck compression,and reliable markers indicating relevant impact on the carotid bifurcation the diagnosis of a lethal reflex cannot be verified.

关键词： Forensic sciences carotid bifurcation carotid body carotid sinus haemorrhage hanging ligature strangulation aquaporin-3(AQP-3) heat-shock protein(Hsp)