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隧道译丛 1993年第3期 20-35页

作者： lee,km 袁文忠

Evaluation of non-point source pollution reduction by applying Best Management Practices using a SWAT model and QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 826-833页

作者： MiSeon lee GeunAe Park MinJi Park JongYoon Park JiWan lee SeongJoon Kim Department of Rural Engineering Konkuk University Department of Civil and Environmental System Engineering Konkuk University

This study evaluated the reduction effect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices （BMPs） to a 1.21 km^2 small agricultural watershed using a SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） model. Two meter QuickBird land use data were prepared for the watershed. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using dally streamflow and monthly water quality （total phosphorus （TP）, total nitrogen （TN）, and suspended solids （SS）） records from 1999 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2002. The average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.63 for the streamflow and the coefficients of determination were 0.88, 0.72, and 0.68 for SS, TN, and TP, respectively. Four BMP scenarios viz. the application of vegetation filter strip and riparian buffer system, the regulation of Universal Soil Loss Equation P factor, and the fertilizing control amount for crops were applied and analyzed.

关键词： QuickBird land use Soil and Water Assessment Tool best management practice non-point source

Impact of Horizontal Resolution and Cumulus Parameterization Scheme on the Simulation of Heavy Rainfall Events over the Korean Peninsula

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第1期28卷 1-15页

作者： Seung-Woo lee Dong-Kyou lee Dong-Eon CHANG School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University National Institute of Meteorological Research Korea Meteorological Administration

In this paper, we present the results from high-resolution numerical simulations of three heavy rainfall events over the Korean Peninsula. The numerical results show that the prediction accuracy for heavy rainfall events improved as horizontal resolution increased. The fine-grid precipitation fields were much closer to the real precipitation fields in the case of large synoptic forcing over the Korean Peninsula. In the case of large convective available potential energy and weak synoptic forcing, it seems that even when using a high resolution, the models still showed poor performance in reproducing the observed high precipitation amounts. However, activation of the cumulus parameterization scheme in the intermediate resolution of 9 km, even at a grid spacing of 3 km, had a positive impact on the simulation of the heavy rainfall event.

关键词： high resolution cumulus parameterization scheme heavy rainfall numerical simulation

Estimation of Turbulent Sensible Heat and Momentum Fluxes over a Heterogeneous Urban Area Using a Large Aperture Scintillometer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1092-1105页

作者： Sang-Hyun lee Jun-Ho lee Bo-Young KIM Department of Atmospheric Science Kongju National University Department of Optical Engineering Kongju National University

The accurate determination of surface-layer turbulent fluxes over urban areas is critical to understanding urban boundary layer （UBL） evolution. In this study, a remote-sensing technique using a large aperture scintillometer （LAS） was investigated to estimate surface-layer turbulent fluxes over a highly heterogeneous urban area. The LAS system, with an optical path length of 2.1 km, was deployed in an urban area characterized by a complicated land-use mix （residential houses, water body, bare ground, etc.）. The turbulent sensible heat （QH） and momentum fluxes （z） were estimated from the scintillation measurements obtained from the LAS system during the cold season. Three-dimensional LAS footprint modeling was introduced to identify the source areas （＂footprint＂） of the estimated turbulent fluxes. The analysis results showed that the LAS-derived turbulent fluxes for the highly heterogeneous urban area revealed reasonable temporal variation during daytime on clear days, in comparison to the land-surface process-resolving numerical modeling. A series of sensitivity tests indicated that the overall uncertainty in the LAS-derived daytime QH was within 20%-30% in terms of the influence of input parameters and the non- dimensional similarity function for the temperature structure function parameter, while the estimation errors in z were less sensitive to the factors of influence, except aerodynamic roughness length. The 3D LAS footprint modeling characterized the source areas of the LAS-derived turbulent fluxes in the heterogeneous urban area, revealing that the representative spatial scales of the LAS system deployed with the 2.1 km optical path distance ranged from 0.2 to 2 km2 （a ＂micro-a scale＂）, depending on local meteorological conditions.

关键词： heterogeneous surface large aperture scintillometer mesoscale modeling surface energy balance turbulentexchange

减少足月妊娠初产妇第一产程延长行剖宫产术的最佳处理策略

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英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第3期21卷 168-172页

作者： Sara Kenyon julia Sanders lee Middkton Tracev Johnston 罗美朱磊 Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham B 15 2TT UK Healthcare Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 0AB UK Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit School of Cancer Sciences Robert Aitken Institute University of Birmingham Birmingham Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院妇产科

分娩过程常分为3个产程。第一产程和第二产程的时间取决于产妇的分娩次数。图1是英国国家健康与临床优选研究所（NICE）定义的产程阶段和预期持续时间。初产妇的产程往往比经产妇更长。产程延长可由子宫收缩乏力引起，或由胎儿的大小、... 详细信息

分娩过程常分为3个产程。第一产程和第二产程的时间取决于产妇的分娩次数。图1是英国国家健康与临床优选研究所（NICE）定义的产程阶段和预期持续时间。初产妇的产程往往比经产妇更长。产程延长可由子宫收缩乏力引起，或由胎儿的大小、先露部和胎方位与阻碍阴道分娩的母体骨盆的关系等因素引起。子宫收缩功能障碍影响11％～30％初产妇的产程，也是本文关注的重点。

关键词：女人生育术语舞台劳动

胞质异质性——人类肿瘤组织线粒体基因突变的普遍现象

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遗传 2005年第1期27卷 44-48页

作者：谭端军刘玲玲文毅刘鹏 julia Chang Kun-Tu Yeh lee Jun C Wong 解放军总医院老年心血管病研究所北京100853 彰化基督教医院病理科乔治城大学医学中心分子与人类遗传研究所华盛顿美国20007

为了探讨不同肿瘤组织中线粒体基因体细胞性突变的胞质异质性和同质性状态,利用32对重叠引物对149例肿瘤组织和匹配正常组织的全线粒体基因进行PCR扩增,并同时进行时相温度梯度凝胶电泳扫描突变筛选,基因测序确定突变类型与异质状况。... 详细信息

为了探讨不同肿瘤组织中线粒体基因体细胞性突变的胞质异质性和同质性状态,利用32对重叠引物对149例肿瘤组织和匹配正常组织的全线粒体基因进行PCR扩增,并同时进行时相温度梯度凝胶电泳扫描突变筛选,基因测序确定突变类型与异质状况。结果表明,不同肿瘤组织中线粒体基因体细胞性突变的异质率不同,口腔癌(65%)和食道癌(64%)具有较高的异质率,其次为乳腺癌(45 9%)。4种转换形式的发生频率以Hm→Hm>Hm→Ht>Ht→Hm>Ht→Ht为主。碱基转换的主要转换形式为Hm→Hm,碱基颠换则以Hm→Ht为主。认为胞质异质性是人类肿瘤组织线粒体基因突变的普遍现象。

关键词：线粒体基因突变异质性同质性肿瘤

Prediction of salinity intrusion in the sheltered estuary of Terengganu River in Malaysia using 1-D empirical intrusion model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第5期36卷 57-66页

作者： lee Hin lee TANGANG Fredolin GISEN Jacqueline Isabella SURATMAN Saim Research Centre for Tropical Climate Change Faculty of Science and TechnologyThe National University of MalaysiaUKM Bangi 43600Malaysia Research Centre for Water Quality and Environment National Hydraulic Research Institute of MalaysiaMinistry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentSeri Kembangan 43300Malaysia Centre for Earth Resources Research and Management Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth ResourcesThe Universiti Malaysia PahangPahang 26600Malaysia

Generally one dimensional （l-D） empirical salinity intrusion model is limited to natural alluvial estuary. However, this study attempts to investigate its ability to model a sheltered alluvial estuary of the Terengganu River in Malaysia. The constructed breakwater at the mouth of the river shelters the estuary from direct influence of the open sea. The salinity density along the estuary was collected during the wet and dry seasons for scenarios before and after the constructed breakwater. Moreover, the freshwater discharges, tidal elevations and bathymetry data were also measured as model inputs. A good fit was demonstrated between simulated and observed variables, namely salinity distribution and intrusion length for both scenarios. Thus, the results show that 1-D empirical salinity model can be utilized for sheltered estuarine condition at the Terengganu Estuary, but with an appropriate determination of an initial point. Furthermore, it was observed that the salinity intrusion in the study area is largely dependent on the freshwater discharge rather than tidal elevation fluctuations. The scale of the salinity intrusion length in the study area is proportional to the river discharge of the -1/2 power. It was appeared that the two lines of the 1-D empirical salinity model and discharge power based equation fitted well to each other, with the average predicted minimum freshwater discharge of 150 m^3/s is going to be required to maintain acceptable salinity levels during high water slack （HWS） near the water intake station, which is located at 10.63 km from river mouth.

关键词： salinity intrusion sheltered estuary freshwater discharge geometric characteristic empirical model

Genomic organization and transcriptional modulation in response to endocrine disrupting chemicals of three vitellogenin genes in the self-fertilizing fish Kryptolebias marmoratus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 187-195页

作者： Bo-Mi Kim Min Chul lee Hye-Min Kang Jae-Sung Rhee Jae-Seong lee Department of Biological Science College of ScienceSungkyunkwan University Department of Marine Science College of Natural SciencesIncheon National University

Vitellogenin（Vtg）is the precursor of egg yolk proteins,and its expression has been used as a reliable biomarker for estrogenic contamination in the aquatic *** examine the biomarker potential of the self-fertilizing killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus Vtgs（km-Vtgs）,full genomic DNAs of km-Vtgs-Aa,km-Vtgs-Ab,and km-Vtgs-C were cloned,sequenced,and *** Vtg genes in *** are tandemly placed in a550 kb section of the same *** silico analysis of promoter regions revealed that both the km-Vtgs-Aa and km-Vtgs-Ab genes had an estrogen response element（ERE）,but the km-Vtgs-C gene did ***,all three km-Vtgs genes had several ERE-half sites in their promoter *** analysis demonstrated that the three deduced amino acid residues were highly conserved with conventional Vtgs protein,forming distinctive clades within teleost *** tissue showed the highest expression of km-Vtg transcripts in all tested tissues（brain/pituitary,eye,gonad,intestine,skin,and muscle）in response to endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC）-exposed ***-Vtg transcripts were significantly increased in response to 17β-estradiol（E2）,tamoxifen（TMX）,4-n-nonylphenol（NP）,bisphenol A（BPA）,and octylphenol（OP）over 24 hr *** km-Vtg-A gene was highly expressed compared to the control in response to NP and ***-induced modulatory patterns of km-Vtg gene expression were different depending on tissue,gender,and isoforms.

关键词： Kryptolebias marmoratus Vitellogenin Endocrine disrupting chemical

Statistical Prediction of Heavy Rain in South Korea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第5期22卷 703-710页

作者： Keon Tae SOHN Jeong Hyeong lee Soon Hwan lee Chan Su RYU Pusan National University Busan 609-735 KoreaDong-A University Busan 604-714 Korea Chosun University Gwangju 501-759 KoreaChosun University Gwangju 501-759 Korea

This study is aimed at the development of a statistical model for forecasting heavy rain in South Korea. For the 3-hour weather forecast system, the 10 km×10 km area-mean amount of rainfall at 6 stations （Seoul, Daejeon, Gangreung, （Jwangju, Busan, and Jeju） in South Korea are used. And the corresponding 45 synoptic factors generated by the numerical model are used as potential predictors. Four statistical forecast models （linear regression model, logistic regression model, neural network model and decision tree model） for the occurrence of heavy rain are based on the model output statistics （MOS） method. They are separately estimated by the same training data. The thresholds are considered to forecast the occurrence of heavy rain because the distribution of estimated values that are generated by each model is too skewed. The results of four models are compared via Heidke skill scores. As a result, the logistic regression model is recommended.

关键词： heavy rain model output statistics linear regression logistic regression neural networks,decision tree

Evaluation of Heavy Rainfall Model Forecasts over the Korean Peninsula Using Different Physical Parameterization Schemes and Horizontal Resolution

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第6期28卷 1233-1245页

作者： Jeong-Gyun PARK Dong-Kyou lee Atmospheric Sciences Program School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 151-747 Korea

In this study, the accuracy of a Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model （PSU/NCAR MM5） for predicting heavy summer precipitation over the Korean Peninsula was investigated. A total of 1800 simulations were performed using this model for 30 heavy rainfall events employing four cumulus parameterization schemes （CPS）, two grid-scale resolvable precipitation schemes （GRS）, and two planetary boundary layer （PBL） schemes in three model resolutions （90 km, 30 km, and 10 km）. The heavy rainfall events were mesoscale convective systems developed under the influence of mid-latitude baroclinic systems with low-level moisture transport from the ocean. The predictive accuracy for maximum rainfall was approximately 80% for 10-km resolution and was 60% for 30-km resolution. The predictive accuracy for rainfall position extended to ～150 km from the observed position for both resolutions. Simulated rainfall was most sensitive to CPS, then to PBL schemes, and then to GRS. In general, the Grell （GR） scheme and the Anthes and Kuo （AK） scheme showed a better prediction capability for heavy rainfall than did the Betts-Miller （BM） scheme and the Kain-Fritsch （KF） scheme. The GR scheme also performed well in the 24-h and 12-h precipitation predictions： the parameterized convective rainfall in GR is directly related to synoptic-scale forcing. The models without CPS performed better for rainfall amounts but worse for rainfall position than those with CPS. The MM5 model demonstrated substantial predictive capacity using synoptic-scale initial conditions and lateral boundary data because heavy summer rainfall in Korea occurs in a strong synoptic-scale environment.

关键词： heavy rainfall mesoscale convection mesoscale model evaluation convective parameterization