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npj Flexible Electronics 2020年第1期4卷 66-72页

作者： Trey B.Daunis Kurt A.Schroder julia W.p.Hsu Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA NovaCentrix AustinTXUSA

High-throughput manufacturing of oxide electronics will enable new applications ranging from large-area displays to flexible medical devices and low-cost solar ***,high-quality oxide films from solution-based precursors typically require 20 min or more of thermal annealing at high temperature(>250℃)for each layer,severely limiting both the throughput and substrate ***,we report high-speed photonic curing of ZrO_(2) dielectric thin films on flexible plastic *** curing and patterning processes can be achieved simultaneously by using shadow mask patterning or adjusting conditions to convert oxide only on top of underlying metal contacts,***-aligned ***-insulator-metal capacitors using two layers of ZrO_(2) films photonically cured in just 100 s per layer show non-dispersive capacitance-frequency behaviour from 10^(2) to 10^(6) Hz,high areal capacitance of 200 nF/cm^(2) and low dissipation factor of 0.03 at 10^(5) Hz,leakage current density of~10^(−7) A/cm^(2) at an applied field of 2 MV/cm,and a breakdown field of nearly 8 MV/*** an upgraded tool,similar dielectric properties are achieved in as short as 100 ms using a single pulse of light,revealing a pathway to oxide film processing beyond 30 m/min.

关键词： dielectric capacitance curing

Axonal protein synthesis in central nervous system regeneration:is building an axon a local matter?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 987-988页

作者： julia Schaeffer Stephane Belin UniversitéGrenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance

Neurons of the mature central nervous system(CNS,mainly the brain and spinal cord)are unable to regenerate spontaneously after a lesion,in contrast to neurons of the peripheral nervous system(pNS).While the extraneuronal environment was long thought to be limiting,evidence was given less than 15 years ago that neurons themselves are critical players of their own regeneration(park et al.,2008).Indeed,CNS neurons show a decline of axon growth capacity as they mature and after an ***,the role of axonal translation is actively explored in the paradigm of embryonic neuronal growth and in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration,but less is known about the role of local protein synthesis in regrowth of adult CNS *** we discuss how the current understanding of axonal translation in the CNS may contribute to the development of novel strategies to enhance axon regeneration in the injured CNS.

关键词： synthesis system local

Weak correlation of flower color and nectar-tube depth in temperate grasslands

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Journal of plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 397-405页

作者： julia Binkenstein Martina Stang Julien p.Renoult H.Martin Schaefer Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacher Straße 479106 FreiburgGermany Section plant Ecology and phytochemistry Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Institute of Arts Creation Theory and Aesthetics UMR 8218-CNRS47 r.des bergers75015 ParisFrance Fundacion Jocotoco Lizardo GarcíaE9-104 y Andrés XauraP.O.Box 17-16-337QuitoEcuador

Aims Nectar is one of the most common floral rewards offered to pol-linators by *** on the plant species,nectar is offered openly or in tubes of various lengths restricting accessibility of this resource for flower visitors with short *** attract-ing pollinators that match floral morphology increases pollination efficiency,flowers could profit from signaling nectar-tube depth to *** flower colors are important signals in plant-pol-linator communication,we investigated whether and which differ-ent chromatic or achromatic aspects of flower color might indicate nectar-tube depth or whether flower colors facilitate the differen-tiation between flowers with long nectar tubes by means of high chromatic *** To this end,we collected flower reflectance spectra of 135 grassland plant *** analyzed flower colors as raw reflectance spectra in principal component analysis(pCA)and in the color space of *** Findings The correlation between flower colors and tube depths was *** the bee’s point of view,blue flowers had on average deeper tubes than green,blue-green and UV-green flowers potentially allow-ing insects to predict tube depths based on blue *** purity did not correlate with nectar-tube depth,nor did the chromatic uniqueness of flower colors in the honeybee color *** wavelength showed a significant but very weak correlation with tube *** achromatic green contrast decreased with increasing tube depth as did brightness;thus deep tubes were less conspicuous than shallow *** components resulting from pCA did not or only slightly correlate with tube *** results illustrate that flower colors may have a certain potential to indicate tube depth,*** accessibility,from a bee’s perspective.

关键词： vision pollination efficiency plant-animal interaction nectar tube depth

Novel phenotype of mouse spermatozoa following deletion of nine β-defensin genes

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 716-719,I0005-I0006页

作者： julia R Dorin Formerly at MRC Human Genetics Unit IGMM University of Edinburgh now at MRC Centre for Inflammation Research University of Edinburgh Queen's MedicalResearch Institute 47 Little France Crescent Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Scotland UK

β-defensin peptides are a large family of antimicrobial peptides. Although they kill microbes in vitroand interact with immune cells, the precise role of these genes in vivo remains uncertain. Despite their inducible presence at mucosal surfaces, their main site of expression is the epididymis. Recent evidence suggests that a major function of these peptides is in sperm maturation. In addition to previous work suggesting this, work at the MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, has shown that homozygous deletion of a cluster of nine β-defensin genes in the mouse results in profound male sterility. The spermatozoa derived from the mutants had reduced motility and increased fragility. Epididymal spermatozoa isolated from the cauda region of the homozygous mutants demonstrated precocious capacitation and increased spontaneous acrosome reactions compared with those from wild-types. Despite this, these mutant spermatozoa had reduced ability to bind to the zona pellucida of oocytes. Ultrastructural examination revealed a disintegration of the microtubule structure of mutant-derived spermatozoa isolated from the epididymal cauda region, but not from the caput. Consistent with premature acrosome reaction and hyperactivation, spermatozoa from mutant animals had significantly increased intracellular calcium content. This work demonstrates that in vivo β-defensins are essential for successful sperm maturation, and that their disruption alters intracellular calcium levels, which most likely leads to premature activation and spontaneous acrosome reactions that result in hyperactivation and loss of microtubule structure of the axoneme. Determining which of the nine genes are responsible for the phenotype and the relevance to human sperm function is important for future work on male infertility.

关键词： acrosome reaction antimicrobial capacitation epididymis sperm β-defensins

Double aortic arch and nasogastric tubes: A fatal combination

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2590-2592页

作者： julia Massaad Kelly Crawford Emory University School of Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases

Double aortic arch is a common form of complete vascular ring that encircles both the trachea and the esophagus, and presents with various respiratory and esophageal symptoms, usually in the pediatric population. We present a case of double aortic arch in an adult patient that manifested as massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding after prolonged nasogastric intubation.

关键词： Nasogastric tubes Aortoesophageal fistula Gastrointestinal bleeding Double aortic arch Vasculardngs

probiotics and prebiotics in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第37期12卷 5941-5950页

作者： julia B Ewaschuk Levinus A Dieleman Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research Uni-versity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada

The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of the colon exist in a highly complex, but harmonious relationship. Disturbances in this remarkable symbiosis can result in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the etiology of IBD is not entirely understood, it is known that the chronic inflammation of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis are a result of an overly aggressive immune response to the commensal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Recent studies have enhanced our ability to understand the interaction between the host and its intestinal microflora and the role the microflora plays in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. As we begin to understand the benefi ts conferred to the intestine by the microflora, the notion of modifying the composition of the bacterial load to improve human health has arisen. A signifi cant body of research now exists investigating the role of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating chronic intestinal inflammation. This article will begin with an overview of the role of the commensal microflora in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, and how a dysregulated immune response to the intestinal microflora results in IBD. This will be followed by a summary of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in experimental and human IBD.

关键词： Colitis Crohn's disease Microflora Immunity probiotics prebiotics

Soil respiration in paludified forests of European Russia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1939-1948页

作者： Dmitry Ivanov Fedor Tatarinov julia Kurbatova A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS Leninsky Prospekt 33MoscowRussia 119071 Weizmann Institute of Science Herzl St 23476100 RehovotIsrael

Soil respiration studies in paludified forests of the European part of Russia are quite rare in comparison with those of open peat bogs,which make long-term observations in this region highly *** this study,soil CO2 emissions were measured by the close chamber method in different microlandscapes of paludified *** four summer seasons with different environments,soil respiration ranged from 1078 to 248 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1 in a paludified spruce forest site with coarse woody debris to 659–820 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1 in a paludified boggy pine *** most intensive soil respiration was observed during the hot summer of 2013 and the lowest in the hot and humid summer of *** total soil CO2 emissions in paludified forests in 2015–2016 were approximately 2000–3000 g CO2 *** the year,the lowest CO2 emission values were observed from November to April(14–84 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1)and the maximum were in July and August(522–1205 mg CO2 m^-2 h^-1).The contributions of CO2 emissions in the cold November–April period were 6–8.5%.The impacts of temperature on soil respiration were higher(r2=0.45–0.57)than those of groundwater levels(r^2=0.17–0.49).Soil respiration in the paludified spruce forest and in the pine bog generally were higher than emissions from ecosystems with similar hydrothermal conditions in the boreal zone.

关键词： Carbon flux Chamber measurements CO2 emission peatlands Southern taiga

Second-generation direct-acting-antiviral hepatitis C virus treatment: Efficacy, safety, and predictors of SVR12

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 8050-8059页

作者： Christoph R Werner julia M Schwarz Daniel p Egetemeyr Robert Beck Nisar p Malek Ulrich M Lauer Christoph p Berg Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectiology University Hospital Tübingen Institute of Medical Virology University Hospital Tübingen

AIM To gather data on the antiviral efficacy and safety of second generation direct acting antiviral(DAA) treatment with respect to sustained virological response(SVR) 12 wk after conclusion of treatment, and to determine predictors of SVR12 in this *** Two hundred and sixty patients treated with SOF combination partners pR(n = 51), R(n = 10), SMV(n = 30), DCV(n = 81), LDV(n = 73), or 3D(n = 15).144/260 were pre-treated, 89/260 had liver cirrhosis, 56/260 had portal hypertension with platelets postliver transplantation patients. 194/260 had HCV GT1, 44/260 HCV *** Two hundred and forty/256(93.7%) patients achieved SVR12(m ITT); 4/260 were lost to follow-up. SVR12 rates for subgroups were: 92% for SOF/DCV, 93% for each SOF/SMV, SOF/pR, 94% for SOF/LDV, 100% for 3D, 94% for pretreated, 87% for liver cirrhosis, 82% for patients with platelets post-liver transplantation, 95% for GT1 a, 93% for GT1 b, 90% for GT3, 100% for GT2, 4, and 6. 12 patients suffered from relapse, 6 prematurely discontinued treatment, of which 4 died. Negative predictors of SVR12 were a platelet count p p = 0.005) at baseline. In Interferonfree treatment GT3 had significantly lower SVR rates than GT1(p = 0.016). Side effects were mild. CONCLUSION Excellent SVR12 rates and the favorable side-effect profile of DAA-combination therapy can be well translated into "real-world". patients with advanced liver disease, signs of portal hypertension, especially with platelets patients with GT3 are in special need for further research efforts to overcome comparatively higher rates of virological failure.

关键词： Sofosbuvir Simeprevir Ledipasvir Hepatitis C Liver transplant Sustained virological response Liver cirrhosis Side effects Resistance Daclatasvir

Default polyfunctional T helper 1 response to ample signal 1 alone

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1809-1822页

作者： Luca Danelli Georgina Cornish julia Merkenschlager George Kassiotis present address:Laboratory of Molecular Immunology The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY10065USA Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonW21PGUK Retroviral Immunology The Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW11ATUK

CD4^(+)T cells integrate well-defined signals from the T-cell receptor(TCR)(signal 1)and a host of costimulatory molecules(signal 2)to initiate clonal expansion and differentiation into diverse functional T helper(Th)***,our ability to guide the expansion of context-appropriate Th subsets by deploying these signals in vaccination remains *** cell-based vaccines,we selectively amplified signal 1 by exclusive presentation of an optimized peptide:MHC II(pMHC II)complex in the absence of classic *** to expectations,amplified signal 1 alone was strongly immunogenic and selectively expanded highaffinity TCR clonotypes,despite delivering intense TCR *** contrast to natural infection or standard vaccines,amplified signal 1,presented by a variety of professional and nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells(ApCs),induced exclusively polyfunctional Th1 effector and memory cells,which protected against retroviral infection and tumor challenge,and expanded tumor-reactive CD4^(+)T cells otherwise rendered unresponsive in tumor-bearing ***,our findings uncover a default Th1 response to ample signal 1 and offer a means to selectively prime such protective responses by vaccination.

关键词： CD4 T cell priming T helper differentiation peptide-MHC II complex

Investigating approaches to improving rendering performance of 3D city models on mobile devices

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2014年第2期17卷 73-84页

作者： Claire ELLUL julia ALTENBUCHNER Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK

Three-dimensional(3D)city models have uses including on-site validation of utility infrastructure,support for augmented reality,personalized tourist information,real estate sales,and 3D pedestrian ***,such applications are deployed on mobile devices,whose use is becoming more *** devices are used for more professional use requiring larger screens,mobile phones for more casual ***,many 3D city models contain hundreds of buildings,which in turn results in performance issues when attempting to visualize such models on these *** issues can be identified as contributory factors-the lower specification of the mobile device itself when compared with desktop machines and the lower bandwidth network between the device and the server(3G mobile or Wi-Fi).Both of these can be addressed by reducing the volume of data in the *** achieve this,we generalize a 2D data-set(using aggregation and simplification)and then extrude the generalized 2D maps to *** minimizes the number of buildings to be transmitted over the network and processed by the on-board graphics *** additionally address the bandwidth issue,we make use of topological data structuring to build and transmit a minimal description for each *** these approaches,we compare the results obtained for generalized and un-generalized data-sets,on a tablet and mobile device.A performance increase of between 7 and 9 times is observed.

关键词： 3D GIS generalization openGL ES mobile devices performance