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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 341-351页

作者： Almudena Bermejo José L. Pardo julia morales Antonio Cano Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias Valencia Spain Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal) Facultad de Biología Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain

A comparative study of the primary and secondary metabolites of the juice of several mandarin cultivars with different pollination, seed production and parthenocarpic abilities was carried out, and the antioxidant capacity of the hydrophilic fraction was measured. Correlation by a Principal Component Analysis and a Cluster Analysis was used. By a multivariate analysis, the 15 citrus cultivars were clustered into four groups consistently with citrus types. The presented data are an important factor for choosing varieties with high potential as a nutraceutical source. These aspects are necessary as consumers demand prevention of health problems through nutrition and certain fruit quality traits, including fruit size, internal quality, good rind color and easy peeling.

关键词： Antioxidant Capacity Carotenoids Citrus Flavonoids Organic Acids Sugars Vitamin C

Derailment risk and dynamics of railway vehicles in curved tracks： Analysis of the effect of failed fasteners

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2016年第1期24卷 38-47页

作者： Silvia morales-Ivorra julia Irene Real Cesar Hernandez Laura Montalbain University Institute for Multidisciplinary Mathematics Polytechnic University of Valencia 46022 Valencia Spain

The effect of the fastener＇s failure in a railway track on the dynamic forces produced in the wheel-rail contact is studied using the simulation software VAMPIRE to assess the derailment risk of two different vehicles in two curves with distinct characteristics. First, a 3D-FEM model of a real track is constructed, paying special attention to fasteners, and calibrated with displacement data obtained experimentally during a train passage. This numerical model is subsequently used to determine the track vertical and lateral stiffness. This study evidences that although the track can practically lose its lateral stiffness as a consequence of the failure of 7 consecutive fasteners, the vehicle stability would not be necessarily compromised in the flawed zone. Moreover, the results reveal that the uncompensated acceleration and the distance along which the fasteners are failed play an important role in the dynamic behavior of the vehicle-track system, influencing strongly the risk of derailment.

关键词： Railway dynamics Fasteners Derailment Curved track

Selecting the best:Interspecific and age-related diet differences among sympatric steppe passerines

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 611-622页

作者： julia Zurdo Paula Gomez-Lopez Adrian Barrero Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa julia Gomez-Catasús Margarita Reverter Cristian Perez-Granados Manuel B.morales Juan Traba Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversidad Autonoma de Madrid(TEG-UAM)MadridSpain Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidady Cambio Global Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(CIBC-UAM)MadridSpain Ecology Department/IMEM“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Parental food provisioning is crucial for the growth and survival of offspring.Growth rate depends on food quality and food supplied to offspring may differ from what adults use for their own.In the case of steppe passerine birds,detailed characterization on nestling dietary composition,as well as prey choice and resource partitioning among species,is a pending subject.Dietary differences between nestlings and adults remain also largely unexplored.By using faecal DNA metabarcoding,we described the diet of nestlings and adults of five shrub-steppe passerine species over the 2017–2019 breeding seasons in central Spain.We also monitored arthropod availability in the field to assess dietary selection.We expected interspecific dietary differences to limit competition for food resources among sympatric species,as well as parental selection of high quality prey for nestlings.We also predicted age-related differences,with nestlings being fed nutrient-rich prey more frequently than adults.The main arthropod orders provisioned to nestlings were Orthoptera,Julida,Araneae and Lepidoptera.Nestlings of the different species showed high interspecific diet overlap,indicating both a coincidence in growth needs among bird species and no or little limitation of the most profitable resources during the breeding season.Adults of all species showed higher diet richness than nestlings,and age-related differences in prey composition were mainly driven by the selection of the most easily digestible,larger protein-and calcium-rich prey for nestlings,which may favour their rapid growth,and avoiding highly sclerotized and less nutritional prey such as ants.Our study sheds light on the basic ecology and conservation of these declining steppe birds,indicating that interspecific competition may not be a major factor during the breeding season.Given the current global decline of arthropods,further long-term research would be necessary,along with the implementation of effective conservation measures that ensure a sufficient availability of resou

关键词： 18S Faecal material Nestling diet Prey choice Resource partitioning

Neuropharmacological Characterization of Extracts from Rhodiola rosea, Oenothera paradoxa and Paullinia cupana in Comparison to Caffeine

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2016年第7期7卷 290-303页

作者： Wilfried Dimpfel Leonie Schombert Tanausú Vega-morales julia Charlotte Wiebe Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Giessen Germany NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany PoliNat Polifenoles Naturales Las Palmas Spain

To find possible therapeutic applications involving the Central Nervous System (CNS) for herbals is a major challenge during functional food and drug discovery and development programmes. Despite the availability of numerous in vitro and in vivo tests, there is no single agreed screening procedure for pharmacological testing of herbal extracts with anticipated CNS activity. Experience gained from more than 25 years of testing has shown that two models give reasonably reliable orientation for future CNS applications: construction of an electropharmacogram based on wireless recording of field potentials from the depth of the brain of freely moving rats (Tele-Stereo-EEG) and recording of the population spike produced by pyramidal cells from hippocampal slices in vitro. A combination of these two methods has now been used to characterize the pharmacological profile of extracts from Rhodiola rosea root, Oenothera paradoxa seeds and Paullinia cupana seeds. Spectral analysis of field potentials revealed attenuation of alpha2 and beta1 waves was common for all extracts. According to previous studies, this is interpreted as activation of the dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. In addition, Oenothera and Rhodiola extracts attenuated delta and theta power, probably related to interference with the cholinergic and norepinephrinergic transmission, respectively. Using discriminant analysis for comparison with reference pharmaceutical and botanical drugs, Rhodiola projected near the position of Ginkgo extract, whereas Oenothera extract was projected near the position of Tramadol, an analgesic drug. Physical motion was increased only in the presence of Paullinia extract and caffeine. Increases of long-term potentiation were observed in the presence of Rhodiola extract, Paullinia extract and caffeine. The combined information predicts stimulant and cognitive function-enhancing activities in humans for the Rhodiola extract, which could also be used as a possible caffeine-replacement, and antidepressant and analgesic activ

关键词： Pharmacology Field Potentials Hippocampal Slices Rhodiola rosea Oenothera paradoxa Paullinia cupana Caffeine RhodioLife® Discriminant Analysis

Antiprotozoal Activity of a <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>Methanol Extract and Its Fractions

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Health 2017年第7期9卷 1081-1094页

作者： Jesús Norberto Garza-González Javier Vargas-Villarreal Ma julia Verde-Star Catalina Rivas-morales Azucena Oranday-Cárdenas Magda E. Hernandez-García Laura De La Garza-Salinas Francisco González-Salazar Department of Chemistry Phytochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Lab Faculty of Biological Sciences University Autonomous of Nuevo Leon San Nicolas de los Garza Mexico Department of Basic Sciences Division of Health Sciences University of Monterrey San Pedro Garza Garcia Mexico Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Biomedical Research of the Northeast Mexican Social Security Institute Monterrey Mexico Mexican Social Security Institute Nuevo Leon Delegation Monterrey Mexico

Introduction: Thymus vulgaris is used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases because of its antifungal, antibacterial, and antispasmodic activity. Objective: To verify whether Thymus vulgaris also has antiprotozoal activity against Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Materials and methods: Conventional cultures of parasites were measured on the third day during the logarithmic growth phase. The antiprotozoal activity of the methanol extract and its fractions were evaluated comparing growth in cultures with and without extracts. Next, the extract was fractionated by polarity-based partitioning. Then, the purity of each fraction was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The percentage of growth inhibition was calculated with respect to untreated controls. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each extract was calculated by PROBIT analysis. Results: We found that a methanol extract of the aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris, at 300 μg/mL, inhibited the in vitro growth of G. lamblia and T. vaginalis, while E. histolytica growth was poorly inhibited. The methanol extract was further separated into mixtures of ursolic, oleanolic, and betulinic acids. The IC50 values of ursolic acid against G. lamblia and T. vaginalis were 8.12 μg/mL and 5.51 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The methanol extract fraction containing ursolic acid obtained from Thymus vulgaris has antiprotozoal activity against G. lamblia and T. vaginalis trophozoites.

关键词： Thymus vulgaris Trichomonas vaginalis Giardia lamblia Entamoeba histolytica Antiprotozoal Agents

Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing social stigma towards mental illness in adolescents

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第2期6卷 239-247页

作者： Regina Vila-Badia Francisco Martínez-Zambrano Otilia Arenas Emma Casas-Anguera Esther García-morales Raúl Villellas José Ramón Martín María Belén Pérez-Franco Tamara Valduciel Diana Casellas Mar García-Franco Jose Miguel Joaquim Balsera Gemma Pascual Eugènia julia Susana Ochoa Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu CIBERSAM

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for reducing social stigma towards mental illness in adolescents. The effect of gender and knowledge of someone with mental illness was measured. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty secondary school students were evaluated using the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness(CAMI) questionnaire. The schools were randomized and some received the intervention and others acted as the control group. The programme consisted of providing information via a documentary film and of contact with healthcare staff in order to reduce the social stigma within the school environment. RESULTS: The intervention was effective in reducing the CAMI authoritarianism and social restrictiveness subscales. The intervention showed significant changes in girls in terms of authoritarianism and social restrictiveness, while boys only showed significant changes in authoritarianism. Following the intervention, a significant reduction was found in authoritarianism and social restrictiveness in those who knew someone with mental illness, and only in authoritarianism in those who did not know anyone with mental illness. CONCLUSION: The intervention was effective to reduce social stigma towards people with mental illness, especially in the area of authoritarianism. Some differences were found depending on gender and whether or not the subjects knew someone with mental illness.

关键词： Social stigma Adolescent Mental illness Intervention studies Prevention