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selecting the best:Interspecific and age-related diet differences among sympatric steppe passerines

Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 611-622页

作者： julia Zurdo Paula gomez-Lopez Adrian Barrero Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa julia gomez-catasús Margarita Reverter Cristian Perez-Granados Manuel B.Morales Juan Traba Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversidad Autonoma de Madrid(TEG-UAM)MadridSpain Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidady Cambio Global Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(CIBC-UAM)MadridSpain Ecology Department/IMEM“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Parental food provisioning is crucial for the growth and survival of *** rate depends on food quality and food supplied to offspring may differ from what adults use for their *** the case of steppe passerine birds,detailed characterization on nestling dietary composition,as well as prey choice and resource partitioning among species,is a pending *** differences between nestlings and adults remain also largely *** using faecal DNA metabarcoding,we described the diet of nestlings and adults of five shrub-steppe passerine species over the 2017–2019 breeding seasons in central *** also monitored arthropod availability in the field to assess dietary *** expected interspecific dietary differences to limit competition for food resources among sympatric species,as well as parental selection of high quality prey for *** also predicted age-related differences,with nestlings being fed nutrient-rich prey more frequently than *** main arthropod orders provisioned to nestlings were Orthoptera,Julida,Araneae and *** of the different species showed high interspecific diet overlap,indicating both a coincidence in growth needs among bird species and no or little limitation of the most profitable resources during the breeding *** of all species showed higher diet richness than nestlings,and age-related differences in prey composition were mainly driven by the selection of the most easily digestible,larger protein-and calcium-rich prey for nestlings,which may favour their rapid growth,and avoiding highly sclerotized and less nutritional prey such as *** study sheds light on the basic ecology and conservation of these declining steppe birds,indicating that interspecific competition may not be a major factor during the breeding *** the current global decline of arthropods,further long-term research would be necessary,along with the implementation of effective conservation measure

关键词： 18s Faecal material Nestling diet Prey choice Resource partitioning

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Beyond wrecking a wall:revisiting the concept of blood–brain barrier breakdown in ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1944-1956页

作者： julia Castillo-González Elena González-Rey Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra(IPBLN) CSICPT SaludGranadaSpain

The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral *** tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting the entry of harmful factors,and selectively limiting the migration of immune cells,thereby maintaining brain *** the well-established association between blood–brain barrier disruption and most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases,much remains unknown about the factors influencing its physiology and the mechanisms underlying its ***,the role of blood–brain barrier breakdown in the translational failure underlying therapies for brain disorders is just starting to be *** review aims to revisit this concept of“blood–brain barrier breakdown,”delving into the most controversial aspects,prevalent challenges,and knowledge gaps concerning the lack of blood–brain barrier *** moving beyond the oversimplistic dichotomy of an“open”/“bad”or a“closed”/“good”barrier,our objective is to provide a more comprehensive insight into blood–brain barrier dynamics,to identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating blood–brain barrier ***,in this review,we advocate for considering the diverse time-and location-dependent alterations in the blood–brain barrier,which go beyond tight-junction disruption or brain endothelial cell breakdown,illustrated through the dynamics of ischemic stroke as a case *** this exploration,we seek to underscore the complexity of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and its implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of brain diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier disruption drug delivery ischemic stroke neuroinflammation tight-junctions

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Bone–cartilage crosstalk:a conversation for understanding osteoarthritis

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Bone Research 2016年第3期4卷 121-132页

作者： David M Findlay julia s Kuliwaba Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma The University of Adelaide

Although cartilage degradation is the characteristic feature of osteoarthritis （OA）, it is now recognized that the whole joint is involved in the progression of OA. In particular, the interaction （crosstalk） between cartilage and subchondral bone is thought to be a central feature of this process. The interface between articular cartilage and bone of articulating long bones is a unique zone, which comprises articular cartilage, below which is the calcified cartilage sitting on and intercalated into the subchondral bone plate. Below the subchondral plate is the trabecular bone at the end of the respective long bones. In OA, there are well- char described *** destructive tges in the ~cular cartilage, which parallel characteristic changes in the underlying hone, This review examines the evidence that biochemical and biomechanical signaling between these tissue compartments is important in OA disease progression and asks whether such signaling might provide possibilities for therapeutic intervention to halt or slow disease development.

关键词： OA Bone

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Earthworms promote greater richness and abundance in the emergence of plant species across a grassland-forest ecotone

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 703-711页

作者： julia Clause sébastien Barot Estelle Forey Ecodiv URA/EA-1293 Normandie UniversitéUniversitéde RouenIRSTEASFR Scale 4116UFR Sciences et Techniques76821 Mont Saint Aignan CedexFrance Centre de Formation sur l'Environnement et la société(CEREs) Ecole Normale Supérieure24 Rue Lhomond75231 Paris Cedex 5France IRD-iEEs Paris 7quai St Bernard75230 Paris Cedex 05France

Aims Chalk grasslands are subject to vegetation dynamics that range from species-rich open grasslands to tall and encroached grasslands,and woods and *** grasslands,earthworms impact plant communities and ecosystem functioning through the modification of soil physical,chemical and microbiological properties,but also through their selective ingestion and vertical transportation of seeds from the soil seed *** experiments showed that seed-earthworm interactions are species specific,but little is known on the impact of seed-earthworm interactions in the *** overall aim of this study was to better understand seed-earthworm interactions and their impact on the plant *** we analyzed the composition of seedlings emerging from casts after earthworm *** we compared seedling composition in casts to the plant composition of emerging seedlings from the soil and of the aboveground vegetation along four stages of the secondary succession of chalk *** Four stages of the secondary succession of a chalk grassland—from open sward to woods—were sampled in Upper Normandy,France,in February *** each successional stage(×3 replicates),we sampled the standing vegetation,soil seed bank at three soil depths(0-2,2-5 and 5-10 cm)and earthworm surface casts along *** and cast samples were water sieved before samples were spread onto trays and placed into a *** seedlings were counted and *** of successional stage and origin of samples on mean and variability of abundance and species richness of seedlings emerging from casts and soil seed banks were *** compositions were compared between all sample *** used generalized mixed-effect models and a distance-based redundancy multivariate *** Findings seedling abundance was always higher in earthworm casts than in the soil seed bank and increased up to 5-fold,4-fold and 3.5-fold,respectively,in the tall grasslan

关键词： aboveground-belowground interactions earthworm casts seedling emergence secondary succession seed bank

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sexual dimorphism in water and nitrogen use strategies in Honckenya peploides: timing matters

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 702-712页

作者： julia sánchez Vilas Rubén Retuerto Organisms and Environment Division Sir Martin Evans BuildingCardiff School of BiosciencesMuseum AvenueCardiff UniversityCardiff CF103AXUK Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología Área de EcologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidade Santiago de CompostelaCampus VidaRúa de Lope Gómez de Marzoas/n15782 Santiago de CompostelaA CoruñaSpain

Aims sexes of dimorphic species often differ in ecophysiological traits and display spatial *** differences have been interpreted as an evolved response of the sexes to meet the specific resource demands associated with *** may differ not only in the amount of resources allocated to reproduction but also in the tim-ing of allocation to *** this study,we hypothesize that as a consequence of their specific resource demands for reproduction,the sexes of the dune plant Honckenya peploides differ in terms of tempo-ral patterns of water use efficiency and nitrogen use and *** Water use efficiency,as inferred from leaf carbon isotope discrimi-nation(Δ^(13)C),nitrogen use,estimated by leaf nitrogen isotope com-position(δ^(15)N),and the foliar carbon and nitrogen contents were measured in males and females at three different points in *** Findings Females had greater water use efficiency than males,regardless of *** ratio of N^(15) to N^(14) did not change with time in males,but significantly decreased in August for *** total N content in the leaf tissues of females decreased as the season progressed,while in males a decrease was only found from April to June and then it remained constant from June to August.A similar pattern,but reversed,was followed by the foliar C/N ***,nega-tive relationships between leafΔ^(13)C and N content were found at all times for males and only at the end of the season for ***,our hypothesis that sex-specific patterns of nitrogen and water use efficiency will depend on time was ***,our results highlight the importance of including time in studies of sex-ual dimorphism,and also the role that physiological specialization plays in meeting the specific demands associated with reproduction.

关键词： cost of reproduction Honckenya peploides leaf nitrogen content sexual dimorphism stable isotopes water use efficiency

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social Vulnerability Factors and Reported Post-Disaster Needs in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2021年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： julia Crowley Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Western Carolina UniversityCullowheeNC 28723USA

This research examines the relationship between social vulnerability factors and reported needs following Hurricane *** least squares regression models were used to identify predictor variables for valid registrations that reported needs pertaining to emergencies,food,and *** consisted of zip codes in North Carolina and south Carolina that received individual assistance for Hurricane Florence(N=406).The results suggest that when controlling for event-specific factors and flood mitigation factors,the proportions of the population that is female,the population over 65,the population aged5 and under,the population older than 5 years not speaking English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported emergency *** controlling for the same variables,the proportions of the population over the age of 25 with a Bachelor’s degree,the female population,the population aged 5 and under,the population above 5 years old that does not speak English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported food *** the same variables controlled for,three variables—the proportions of the population over65,the population aged 5 and under,and the non-Englishspeaking population above 5 years of age—were all predictors of the per capita reported shelter *** results suggest that more attention should be given to these vulnerable populations in the pre-disaster planning process.

关键词： FEMA Hurricane Florence social vulnerability Post-disaster needs

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Tibolone modulates neuronal plasticity through regulating Tau, GsK3β/Akt/PI3K pathway and CDK5 p35/p25 complexes in the hippocampus of aged male mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 588-595页

作者： Teresa Neri-gomez Judith Espinosa-Raya sofia Diaz Cintra julia segura-Uribe sandra Orozco-suarez Juan Manuel Gallardo Christian Guerra-Araiza Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Ciudad de México México Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politécnico Nacional Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón Col. Sto. Tomás Ciudad de México México Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla Querétaro Querétaro México Enfermedades Neurológicas (Neurological Diseases) Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Ciudad de México México Enfermedades Nefrológicas (Kidney Diseases) Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

Aging is a key risk factor for cognitive decline and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Also, an age-related decrease in sex steroid hormones may have a negative impact on the formation of neurofibrillary tangles （NFTs）; these hormones can regulate Tau phosphorylation and the principal kinase GsK3β involved in this process. Hormone replacement therapy decreases NFTs, but it increases the risk of some types of cancer. However, other synthetic hormones such as tibolone （TIB） have been used for hormone replacement therapy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of TIB （0.01 mg/kg and 1mg/kg, intragastrically for 12 weeks） on the content of total and hyperphosphorylated Tau （PHF-1） proteins and the regulation of GsK3β/Akt/PI3K pathway and CDK5/p35/p25 complexes in the hippocampus of aged male mice. We observed that the content of PHF-1 decreased with TIB administration. In contrast, no changes were observed in the active form of GsK3β or PI3K. TIB decreased the expression of the total and phosphorylated form of Akt while increased that of p110 and p85. The content of CDK5 was differentially modified with TIB： it was increased at low doses and decreased at high doses. When we analyzed the content of CDK5 activators, an increase was found on p35; however, the content of p25 decreased with administration of low dose of TIB. Our results suggest a possible mechanism of action of TIB in the hippocampus of aged male mice. Through the regulation of Tau and GsK3β/Akt/PI3K pathway, and CDK5/p35/p25 complexes, TIB may modulate neuronal plasticity and regulate learning and memory processes.

关键词： nerve regeneration Tibolone hippocampus aged mice sex steroids Akt GsK3β PI3K neuralplasticity Tau neurofibrillary tangles neural regeneration

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Microbiota alterations in acute and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation of cats and dogs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16489-16497页

作者： julia B Honneffer Yasushi Minamoto Jan s suchodolski Gastrointestinal Laboratory Department of Small Animal Clini-cal Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 United States

The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats is, similarly to humans, a highly complex ecosystem. studies in dogs and cats have demonstrated that acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), are associated with alterations in the small intestinal and fecal microbial communities. Of interest is that these alterations are generally similar to the dysbiosis observed in humans with IBD or animal models of intestinal inflammation, suggesting that microbial responses to inflammatory conditions of the gut are conserved across mammalian host types. studies have also revealed possible underlying susceptibilities in the innate immune system of dogs and cats with IBD, which further demonstrate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Commonly identified microbiome changes in IBD are decreases in bacterial groups within the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increases within Proteobacteia. Furthermore, a reduction in the diversity of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV(i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium coccoides subgroups) are associated with IBD, suggesting that these bacterial groups may play an important role in maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the functional changes associated with intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats.

关键词： Microbiome 16s rRNA Inflammatory bowel disease Probiotic Dog Cat

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Multidimensional separation due to selective spherical agglomeration—Evidence of shape separation via X-ray microtomography

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Particuology 2021年第5期19卷 316-323页

作者： julia schreier Ulrich Brockel University of Applied sciences Trier Institute for Micro-Process-Engineering and Particle Technology(IMiP)Umwelt-Campus BirkenfeldP.O.Box 1380D-55761 BirkenfeldGermany

Objective of this work was to develop a novel method for characterizing real 3D shapes of particles smaller than 20μm by X-ray microtomography(X-RMT).Multidimensional separation of heterogenous solids through agglomeration in suspension will improve recycling processes as the particle shape and the agglomerate size are used for shape-selective *** the present paper we discuss the fundamentals of X-ray tomography and the experimental setup for selective spherical agglomeration in suspension.A specific preparation method of the particulate sample for X-RMT followed by 3D image processing,are essential for the shape analysis expressed as *** also discuss the limitation of this method due to the so-called Partial Volume Effect and particle clusters in the order of magnitude of X-RMT *** proof of concept,we used a mixture of graphite platelets and spheronized graphite particles for a shape selective-agglomeration in *** remaining fines were analyzed and showed more platelets than in the *** indicates that spheronized particles are preferably bound in the *** findings show that,based on the discussed sample preparation and a 3D image analysis in connection with X-RMT,particle shapes of micronized particles can be discriminated.

关键词： Multidimensional separation X-ray microtomography selective agglomeration Particle shape Graphite

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Lung cancer risk in never-smokers:An overview of environmental and genetic factors

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2021年第5期33卷 548-562页

作者： Elvin s Cheng Marianne Weber julia steinberg Xue Qin Yu The Daffodil Centre the University of Sydneya joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSW 2011Australia

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,accounting for 1.8 million deaths in *** the vast majority are caused by tobacco smoking,15%-25%of all lung cancer cases occur in lifelong *** International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)has classified multiple agents with sufficient evidence for lung carcinogenesis in humans,which include tobacco smoking,as well as several environmental exposures such as radon,second-hand tobacco smoke,outdoor air pollution,household combustion of coal and several occupational ***,the IARC evaluation had not been stratified based on smoking status,and notably lung cancer in never-smokers(LCINs)has different epidemiological,clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics from lung cancer in *** several risk factors proposed for the development of LCINs,environmental factors have the most available evidence for their association with LCINs and their roles cannot be ***,while initial genetic studies largely focused on lung cancer as a whole,recent studies have also identified genetic risk factors for *** article presents an overview of several environmental factors associated with LCINs,and some of the emerging evidence for genetic factors associated with *** increased understanding of the risk factors associated with LCINs not only helps to evaluate a never-smoker’s personal risk for lung cancer,but also has important public health implications for the prevention and early detection of the *** evidence on causal associations could inform longer-term policy reform in a range of areas including occupational health and safety,urban design,energy use and particle emissions,and the importance of considering the impacts of second-hand smoke in tobacco control policy.

关键词： Lung cancer never-smoker risk factor environmental factor genetic factor

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