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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Thymus vulgaris and Cymbopogon citratus on Some Strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Agent Responsible for White Rot of Beans

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1068-1086页

作者： Serge Bertrand Mboussi Alain Heu Abdou Nourou Kone Nsangou jules patrice ngoh dooh Zachée Ambang Laboratory of Biotechnology University Institute of Technology University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Technical Teachers Training College Ebolowa Cameroon Applyied Botanic Research Unit Department of Plant Biology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Biotechnology Laboratory Phytopathology and Microbiology Unit University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

The present work was aimed to the study of the antifungal activity of essential oils of two aromatic plants against three strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum responsible for white rot of bean. The two essential oils (EO) of the studied plants: Thymus vulgaris (HET) and Cymbopogon citratrus (HEC), used at different concentrations: C1 (0.75 ml/ml), C2 (1.5 ml/ml) and C3 (3 ml/ml) presented significant inhibitory activities on the three tested fungal strains namely Bia 1, Bia 2, and Njo 2. Two control treatments (T-: containing no antifungal substance and T+: synthetic fungicide) were also used. The antifungal activity here is related to the inhibition of mycelial growth especially with high concentrations of essential oils. Thus, against S. sclerotiorum, HET showed the highest activity comparable to that of T+ (100% inhibition) at all concentrations on the Bia 1 and Bia 2 strains and at concentration C3 on the Njo 2 strain compared to that of HEC, which certainly inhibited the mycelial growth of the different strains considerably (with a maximum of 78.15% on the Njo 2 strain) but not completely. According to their sensitivity, the Bia 2 strain showed a higher sensitivity to essential oils than the others while the Njo 2 strain was more aggressive. On the basis of MIC50 and MIC90 obtained on the Njo 2 strain, the HET turns out to be the most efficient with respective lower values of (1.73 and 23.34 ml/ml) against (4.76 and 26.03 ml/ml) for the HEC. These EO could thus be exploited as biodegradable antifungal substances, likely to control white rot of bean.

关键词： S. sclerotiorum T. vulgaris C. Citratrus Essential Oils Antifungal Activity Inhibition

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Scouring of a granular bed by dam break: Experimental study and numerical simulation by a VOF-LPT coupling

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第3期38卷 432-445页

作者： Quyen Thi Le Nguyen Viet Dung Nguyen patrice Coorevits EPROAD Research Unit University of Picardie Jules Verne IUT of Aisne Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

The first part of the research reported here consists of an experimental campaign to study the scouring of a granular bed(glass beads, sand) induced by a dam break in an open channel. Two configurations are considered: with and without cylinders. In the second part of this study, the volume of fluid method coupled with the shear stress transport turbulent model and the lagrangian particle tracking method is used to simulate the local scour processes. The four-way coupling is realized by considering the drag force and collisions between particles. Using a vortex map and velocity profiles, the flow dynamics and scour pattern can be studied. The current research also focuses on the profiles of the erodible particle bed and the sediment transport rate to study the effects of a cylinder on local scour. The presence of the cylinder increases the experimental erosion depth by up to 42%. It was found that for relatively close particle diameters(2 and 3 mm), a granular bed with larger porosity(larger diameter) erodes the *** and numerically it was found that the center of the granular bed experiences more erosion compared to the channel sides. In the last part of the research, comparisons between the numerical results and the experimental data allowed risk areas to be identified and the roles of porosity,sediment density, and flow dynamics on erosion to be identified.

关键词： Volume of fluid Lagrangian particle tracking Scour Granular bed Cylinder Dam break

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Response of life-history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in a Drosophila parastitoid, Asobara tabida

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 317-327页

作者： Joffrey Moiroux Joan van Baaren Mathilde Poyet Aude Couty patrice Eslin Genevieve Prevost Jeremy Sguin Vincent Le Roux FRE 3498 EDYSAN CNRS-Universite de Picardie Jules Verne 33 rue St Leu Amiens Cedex France UMR 6553 ECOBIO CNRS- Universite Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu avenue du G~n~ral Leclerc Rennes Cedex France UMR 7263 IMBE AMU - CNRS - IRD - UAPV Universite d＇Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza 84916 Avignon Cedex 09 Franc

Co-evolution of host-parasitoid interactions is determined by the costs of host resistance, which received empirical evidence, and the costs ofparasitoid virulence, which have been mostly hypothesized. Asobara tabida is a parasitoid, which mainly parasitizes Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura, the first species being able to resist to the parasitoid development while the second species is not. To parasitize resistant hosts, including D. melanogaster, A. tabida develops sticky eggs, which prevent encapsulation, but this virulence mechanism may be costly. Interindividual and interpopulation variation in the proportion of sticky eggs respectively allowed us to （i） artificially select and compare life-history traits of a virulent and a nonvirulent laboratory strain, and （ii） compare a virulent and a nonvirulent field strain, to investigate the hypothetical costs of virulence. We observed strong differences between the 2 laboratory strains. The nonvirulent strain invested fewer resources in reproduction and walked less than the virulent one but lived longer. Concerning the field strains, we observed that the nonvirulent strain had larger wings while the virulent one walked more and faster. All together, our results suggest that virulence may not always be costly, but rather that different life histories associated with different levels of virulence may coexist at both intra- and interDoDulation levels.

关键词： encapsulation geographic variation host resistance trade-offs

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Experimental characterization of the removal efficiency and energy effectiveness of central air cleaners

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Energy and Built Environment 2021年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： patrice Blondeau Marc Olivier Abadie Alexandra Durand Pascal Kaluzny Sylvie Parat Alain Ginestet Dominique Pugnet Céline Tourreilles Thierry Duforestel LaSIE/La Rochelle University UMR CNRS 7356Avenue Michel Crépeau17042 La Rochelle cedex 1France Tera Environnement 628 rue Charles de Gaulle38920 CrollesFrance Air&Bio 13 rue Jules Ferry73000 ChambéryFrance CETIAT 25 avenue des artsBP 5204269603 VilleurbanneFrance EDF R&D Avenue des Renardières77818 Moret-sur-Loing cedexFrance.

This study assessed six commercially available in-duct air cleaning devices which are designed to be mounted in the central ventilation system of offices or commercial *** selected devices use different air cleaning technologies:mechanical filtration,electrostatic precipitation,gas filtration,ionization/cold plasma,photocatalytic oxidation(PCO)and catalysis under UV *** were tested against particles,a mixture of volatile organic compounds containing acetone,acetaldehyde,toluene,heptane and formaldehyde,and two bio-contaminants:Aspergillus brasiliensis(fungus)and Staphylococcus epidermidis(bacteria).Two different test rigs were *** single pass efficiency of each device was determined for three airflow rates,corresponding to face velocities ranging from 0.9 to 2.7 m/s,and two sets of temperature and humidity that are representative of indoor air conditions in wintertime and *** concentration of the chal-lenge volatile organic compounds was also varied in the 30 to 100μg/m^(3)range as a way to characterize their influence on efficiency at realistic concentration levels for non-industrial *** of ozone and formaldehyde concentration downstream of the air cleaners were carried out to determine the emission rate of by-products into the air ***,the energy issue was addressed by measuring the electric power drawn and pressure loss of the *** results showed that two devices,namely a radiant catalytic ionizer and a plasma ionizer,had a very low single pass efficiency against all the challenge *** association of the plasma ionizer and the electrostatic precipitator did not produce a synergetic effect between the two technologies either,contrary to what their manufacturer ***,three of the six devices tested were effective in terms of pollutant removal,but only two had an acceptable energy effectiveness in view of their use in low or zero energy *** energy effectiveness ranged

关键词： Central air cleaners Efficiency Clean air delivery rate Energy effectiveness By-products Ozone

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