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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Thymus vulgaris and Cymbopogon citratus on Some Strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Agent Responsible for White Rot of Beans

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1068-1086页

作者： Serge Bertrand Mboussi Alain Heu Abdou Nourou Kone Nsangou jules pat.ice ngoh dooh Zachée Ambang Laboratory of Biotechnology University Institute of Technology University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Technical Teachers Training College Ebolowa Cameroon Applyied Botanic Research Unit Department of Plant Biology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Biotechnology Laboratory Phytopathology and Microbiology Unit University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

The present work was aimed to the study of the antifungal activity of essential oils of two aromatic plants against three strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum responsible for white rot of bean. The two essential oils (EO) of the studied plants: Thymus vulgaris (HET) and Cymbopogon citratrus (HEC), used at different concentrations: C1 (0.75 ml/ml), C2 (1.5 ml/ml) and C3 (3 ml/ml) presented significant inhibitory activities on the three tested fungal strains namely Bia 1, Bia 2, and Njo 2. Two control treatments (T-: containing no antifungal substance and T+: synthetic fungicide) were also used. The antifungal activity here is related to the inhibition of mycelial growth especially with high concentrations of essential oils. Thus, against S. sclerotiorum, HET showed the highest activity comparable to that of T+ (100% inhibition) at all concentrations on the Bia 1 and Bia 2 strains and at concentration C3 on the Njo 2 strain compared to that of HEC, which certainly inhibited the mycelial growth of the different strains considerably (with a maximum of 78.15% on the Njo 2 strain) but not completely. According to their sensitivity, the Bia 2 strain showed a higher sensitivity to essential oils than the others while the Njo 2 strain was more aggressive. On the basis of MIC50 and MIC90 obtained on the Njo 2 strain, the HET turns out to be the most efficient with respective lower values of (1.73 and 23.34 ml/ml) against (4.76 and 26.03 ml/ml) for the HEC. These EO could thus be exploited as biodegradable antifungal substances, likely to control white rot of bean.

关键词： S. sclerotiorum T. vulgaris C. Citratrus Essential Oils Antifungal Activity Inhibition

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From sea to land: assessment of the bio-transport of phosphorus by penguins in Antarctica

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第1期32卷 148-154页

作者：秦先燕孙立广 BLAIS jules M. 王玉宏黄涛黄温谢周清 Institute of Polar Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Program for Chemical and Environmental Toxicology Department of BiologyUniversity of Ottawa Advanced Management Research Center Ningbo University Department of Genetics North Carolina State University Raleigh

In Antarctica, the marine ecosystem is dynamically interrelated with the terrestrial ecosystem. An example of the link between these two ecosystems is the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus. Bio- vectors, such as penguins, transport phosphorus from sea to land, play a key role in this cycle. In this paper, we selected three colonies of penguins, the most important seabirds in Antarctica, and computed the annual quantity of phosphorus transferred from sea to land by these birds. Our results show that adult penguins from colonies at Ardley Island, the Vestfold Hills, and Ross Island could transfer phosphorus in the form of guano at up to 12 349, 167 036, and 97 841 kg/a, respectively, over their breeding period. These quantities are equivalent to an annual input of 3.96× 10^9-1.63 × 10^10 kg of seawater to the land of Antarctica. Finally, we discuss the impact of phosphorus on the ice-flee areas of the Antarctica.

关键词： Southern Ocean sea-land ecosystem phosphorus cycle penguin guano

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Response of polar regions to emerging organic pollutant organophosphorus esters (OPEs), a review

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Advances in Polar Science 2017年第1期28卷 13-22页

作者： CHENG Wenhan BLAIS jules M. XIE Zhouqing LIU Yi LI Ming SUN Liguang Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Biology University of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230023China Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China

Polar regions are free from major anthropogenic impact due to their remoteness. However, certain pollutants can be transported there via atmospheric and/or oceanic circulations. Here we present an overview of current research on organophosphorus esters （OPEs） in polar regions by reviewing the literature on distribution, source and transport of OPEs. Current research on OPEs reveals significant anthropogenic influences in both polar regions. As well as the expected occurrence in the Arctic, OPEs were found on the Antarctic lee Sheet up to 650 km from the coast, and the OPE concentrations were higher at high elevation due to cold climate retention. The immediate source of OPEs for inland Antarctica might be the Southern Ocean surrounding the continent, where OPEs in aerosols and seawater showed comparable concentrations to remote areas in the European Arctic. A positive correlation between aerosol OPEs in the open water and the surface vortex of ocean currents indicates that these compounds may be transported and accumulated in the ocean currents. The Antarctica Circumpolar Current accumulates them in the marginal seas of Antarctica.

关键词： Antarctica organophosphorus esters Southern Ocean ice sheet

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消融的冰川:加拿大班夫国家公园亚高山带鲍湖中持久性有机氯的主要来源

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2001年第7期30卷 410-415页

作者： jules M. Blais David W. Schindler Derek C. G. Muir Martin Sharp David Donald MelissaLafrenière Eric Braekevelt William M. J. Strachan 周立志渥太华大学阿尔伯塔省埃德蒙顿大学安大略湖伯灵顿加拿大环境署萨斯喀彻温省里贾纳加拿大环境署阿尔伯塔大学伯灵顿和安大略湖加拿大环境署

有机氯杀虫剂和多氯联苯(PCB)是环境中普遍而稳固的化合物。现已查明,由于它们从温暖的地区逐渐蒸发出来,并在较冷的地区凝聚下来,因而它们富集在寒冷的环境中。在本研究中,我们的结果是,消融的冰川供给阿尔伯达亚高山带湖泊中的有机氯... 详细信息

有机氯杀虫剂和多氯联苯(PCB)是环境中普遍而稳固的化合物。现已查明,由于它们从温暖的地区逐渐蒸发出来,并在较冷的地区凝聚下来,因而它们富集在寒冷的环境中。在本研究中,我们的结果是,消融的冰川供给阿尔伯达亚高山带湖泊中的有机氯输入量为50%～97%,而提供的水量为73%。对氚的分析结果表明,在夏季的中、晚期,至少10%的冰川消融物是在1950～1970年期间沉积下来的,这期间它受到有机氯更多的污染。这一发现表明,气候变暖可能会使消融的冰川成为日益增多的淡水污染物来源。由于有机物贫乏的冰川粘土对多氯联苯这样的疏水化合物的吸附能力有限,因此冰川水流带来的有机氯大多呈溶解状态。

关键词：冰川加拿大班夫国家公园亚高山带鲍湖持久性有机氯污染源

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