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Silicone matrices for controlled dexamethasone release:toward a better understanding of the underlying mass transport mechanisms

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2023年第1期10卷 498-509页

作者： Thitiphorn Rongthong Adam Qnouch Maria Maue Gehrke Laurent Paccou Paulo Oliveira Florence Danede Jeremy Verin Christophe Vincent Jean-Francois Willart Florence siepmann juergen siepmann Univ.Lille INSERMCHU LilleU1008F-59000 LilleFrance Univ.Lille UMR CNRS 8207UMETF-59655 Villeneuve d’AscqFrance

Dexamethasone-loaded silicone matrices offer an interesting potential as innovative drug delivery systems,*** the treatment of inner ear diseases or for ***,very long drug release periods are targeted:several years/*** renders the development and optimization of novel drug products cumbersome:experimental feedback on the impact of the device design is obtained very slowly.A better understanding of the underlying mass transport mechanisms can help facilitating research in this field.A variety of silicone films were prepared in this study,loaded with amorphous or crystalline *** polymorphic drug forms were investigated,the film thickness was altered and the drug optionally partially/completely exchanged by much more water-soluble dexamethasone‘phosphate’.Drug release studies in artificial perilymph,scanning electron microscopy,optical microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,X-ray diffraction and Raman imaging were used to elucidate the physical states of the drugs and polymer,and of the systems’structure as well as dynamic changes thereof upon exposure to the release *** particles were initially homogeneously distributed throughout the *** hydrophobicity of the matrix former very much limits the amounts of water penetrating into the system,resulting in only partial drug *** mobile drug molecules diffuse out into the surrounding environment,due to concentration ***,Raman imaging revealed that even very thin silicone layers(<20µm)can effectively trap the drug for prolonged periods of *** physical state of the drug(amorphous,crystalline)did not affect the resulting drug release kinetics to a noteworthy extent.

关键词： silicone matrix drug release mechanism dexamethasone dexamethasone phosphate Raman imaging

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Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease:two sides of the prion coin

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 1-18页

作者： Nicholas J.Haley juergen A.Richt Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Graduate StudiesMidwestern UniversityGlendaleAZUSA Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(TSEs)are a group of progressive and ultimately fatal neurologic diseases of man and animals,all resulting from the propagated misfolding of the host's normal cellular prion *** diseases can be spontaneous,heritable,anthropogenic/iatrogenic,or in some cases horizontally transmissible,and include such notable TSEs as bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE)of cattle and chronic wasting disease(CWD)of *** they are both unequivocally protein misfolding disorders,they differ markedly in their pathogenesis,transmissibility,and zoonotic *** the BSE epidemic has largely abated over the past three decades following global feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal,CWD,which is readily transmitted through various forms of excreta,has rapidly expanded from its original endemic zone to encompass much of North America,along with recently identified foci in *** importantly,although the classical form of BSE has proven transmissible to humans consuming contaminated beef or beef products,so far there have been no conclusive reports on the zoonotic transmission of cWD to *** underlying basis for these differences-whether host or agent directed-are not well understood,though may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSE or CWD prion proteins or the expression levels and tissue distribution of respective cellular prion *** the uncontrolled geographic spread of CWD,it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the factors governing prion disease pathogenesis,transmission,and zoonotic potential.

关键词： Prion Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission Pathogenesis Zoonosis

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Combining thermal scanning probe lithography and dry etching for grayscale nanopattern amplification

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 335-344页

作者： Berke Erbas Ana Conde-Rubio Xia Liu Joffrey Pernollet Zhenyu Wang Arnaud Bertsch Marcos Penedo Georg Fantner Mitali Banerjee Andras Kis Giovanni Boero juergen Brugger Microsystems Laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Center of MicroNanoTechnology(CMi) EPFLLausanne 1015Switzerland Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Laboratory for Bio-and Nano-Instrumentation École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Laboratory of Quantum Physics Topology and CorrelationsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Present address:Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC Campus UABBellaterra 08193Spain Present address:School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Grayscale structured surfaces with nanometer-scale features are used in a growing number of applications in optics and *** scanning probe lithography achieves a lateral resolution below 10 nm and a vertical resolution below 1 nm,but its maximum depth in polymers is ***,we present an innovative combination of nanowriting in thermal resist and plasma dry etching with substrate cooling,which achieves up to 10-fold amplification of polymer nanopatterns into SiO_(2) without proportionally increasing surface *** nanopatterns in SiO_(2) with 400 nm pitch and 150 nm depth are fabricated free of shape distortion after dry *** exemplify the possible applications of the proposed method,grayscale dielectric nanostructures are used for scalable manufacturing through nanoimprint lithography and for strain nanoengineering of 2D *** a method for aspect ratio amplification and smooth grayscale nanopatterning has the potential to find application in the fabrication of photonic and nanoelectronic devices.

关键词： lithography thermal pattern

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Improvement on straightness of metal bar based on straightening stroke-deflection model

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第7期52卷 1866-1873页

作者： LEOPOLD juergen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany

The straightening technics is one of important means to improve the straightness of metal bar. A novel way of predicting the straightening stroke is proposed based on mathematical methods and bending experimental and numerical simulation. The experimental and numerical simulation is conducted by following the mathematical load-stroke model of press straightening process under the elastic-plastic theory. For the linear guide rails, as an example, the stroke-deflection model focusing on the straightening stroke prediction can be achieved by contrasting and integrating the bending experimental results and finite element methods (FEM) simulation data. And then the formula for predicting the straightening stroke is presented based on the precise straightening stroke-deflection model. The stroke prediction formula with high precision can be applied to the straightening stroke prediction in the high straightness metal bar manufacturing process and automatic straightening machine conveniently.

关键词： straightness straightening stroke deflection stroke prediction metal bar

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Mapping of liver-enriched transcription factors in the human intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第31期16卷 3919-3927页

作者： Frank Lehner Ulf Kulik juergen Klempnauer juergen Borlak Department of General Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryHanover Medical School Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnol-ogy Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medi-cine Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology Hanover Medical School

AIM: To investigate the gene expression pattern of hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) and other liverenriched transcription factors in various segments of the human intestine to better understand the differentiation of the gut epithelium. METHODS: Samples of healthy duodenum and jejunum were obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer whereas ileum and colon was obtained from patients undergoing right or left hemicolectomy or (recto)sigmoid or rectal resection. All surgical specimens were subjected to histopathology. Excised tissue was shock-frozen and analyzed for gene expression of liver-enriched transcription factors by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain and compared to the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Protein expression of major liver-enriched transcription factors was determined by Western blotting while the DNA binding of HNF6 was investigated by electromobility shift assays. RESULTS: The gene expression patterning of liverenriched transcription factors differed in the various segments of the human intestine with HNF6 gene expression being most abundant in the duodenum (P < 0.05) whereas expression of the zinc finger protein GATA4 and of the HNF6 target gene ALDH3A1 was most abundant in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Likewise, expression of FOXA2 and the splice variants 2 and 4 of HNF4α were most abundantly expressed in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Essentially, expression of transcription factors declined from the duodenum towards the colon with the most abundant expression in the jejunum and less in the ileum. The expression of HNF6 and of genes targeted by this factor, i.e. neurogenin 3 (NGN3) was most abundant in the jejunum followed by the ileum and the colon while DNA binding activity of HNF4α and of NGN3 was conf irmed by electromobility shift assays to an optimized probe. Furthermore, Western blotting provided evidence of the expression of several liver-enriched transcription factors in cultures of colon epithelial cells, albeit at

关键词： Liver-enriched transcription factors Human intestine Caco-2 Gene expression

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Effective treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding with thalidomide- Chances and limitations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3158-3164页

作者： juergen Bauditz Department of Internal Medicine Helios Klinik Anhalt/Zerbst Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and InfectiologyCharité Campus MitteCharité University Hospital

For more than 50 years bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasias has been treated by hormonal therapy with estrogens and progesterons. After a randomized study finally demonstrated that hormones have no effect on bleeding events and transfusion requirements, therapy has switched to endoscopic coagulation. However, angiodysplasias tend to recur over months to years and endoscopy often has to be repeated for long time periods. Thalidomide, which caused severe deformities in newborn children in the 1960 s, is now increasingly used after it was shown to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha, inhibi t angiogenesis and to be also effective for treatment of multiple myeloma. In 2011 thalidomide was proven to be highly effective for treatment of bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasias in a randomized study. Further evidence by uncontrolled studies exists that thalidomide is also useful for treatment of bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. In spite of this data, endoscopic therapy remains the treatment of choice in many hospitals, as thalidomide is still notorious for its teratogenicity. However, patients with gastrointestinal bleeding related to angiodysplasias are generally at an age in which women have no child-bearing potential. Teratogenicity is therefore no issue for these elderly patients. Other side-effects of thalidomide like neurotoxicity may limit treatment options but can be monitored safely.

关键词： Thalidomide Angiodysplasia Vascular malformation Gastrointestine Bleeding Therapy Angiogenesis Vascular endothelial growth factor

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The future of geospatial intelligence

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 151-162页

作者： juergen Dold Jessica Groopman Hexagon Geosystems HeerbruggSwitzerland Independent Industry Analyst and IoT Advisor BerkeleyCAUSA

For centuries,humans’capacity to capture and depict physical space has played a central role in industrial and societal ***,the digital revolution and the emergence of networked devices and services accelerate geospatial capture,coordination,and intelligence in unprecedented *** the digital transformation of industry and society is the fusion of the physical and digital worlds-‘perceptality’-where geospatial perception and reality *** paper analyzes the myriad forces that are driving perceptality and the future of geospatial intelligence and presents real-world implications and examples of its industrial *** of sensors,robotics,cameras,machine learning,encryption,cloud computing and other software,and hardware intelligence are converging,enabling new ways for organizations and their equipment to perceive and capture ***,demands for performance,reliability,and security are pushing compute‘to the edge’where real-time processing and coordination are *** data place new restraints on economics,as pressures abound to actually use these data,both in real-time and for longer term strategic analysis and *** challenges require orchestration between information technology(IT)and operational technology(OT)and synchronization of diverse systems,data-sets,devices,environments,workflows,and people.

关键词： Big data virtual reality digital reality cloud computing edge computing geospatial data

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Fast Modification of Microdischarge Emission Bands by Fracture of Sugar

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第8期28卷 304-306页

作者： Sergej Aman juergen Tomas AStreletskii Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgP.O.Box 412039106 MagdeburgGermany Institute of Chemical Physics RASKosygina 4Moscow 119991Russia

Intensive light pulses with widths of about 10 ns were observed during the crack propagation by cleavage of crystalline sugar at atmospheric *** observed light pulses were caused by a sequence of gas microdischarges(MDs).The pulses were detected in the UV/VIS and NIR wavelength *** the light pulses appear in the UV/VIS wavelength range,and then after a delay of about 0.4–1.2 ns in the NIR wavelength *** characteristic feature of MDs can be used for the characterization of crack propagation.

关键词： delay sugar Fast

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The Role of Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 107-116页

作者： juergen Weichselgartner Patrick Pigeon Department of Architecture and Urban Studies Politecnico di Milano Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Department of Geography Savoie-Mont-Blanc University

Disaster risk reduction policy and practice require knowledge for informed decision making and coordinated action. Although the knowledge production and implementation processes are critical for disaster risk reduction, these issues are seldom systematically addressed in-depth in disaster studies and policy programs. While efforts and improvements have been made with regard to data and information, only limited resources are committed to improving knowledge management structures and integrating knowledge systems at different spatial levels. The recently adopted Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 addresses knowledge-related issues and provides the opportunity to highlight the critical role of knowledge in disaster risk reduction. This article presents insights into potential conceptualizations of knowledge that would advance disaster research and policy. We use cases from France to illustrate challenges of and pathways to disaster risk reduction. We suggest to further strengthen efforts that improve our understanding of the connections between disaster risk, knowledge, and learning. A better integration of multiple scales, different societal actors,various knowledge sources, and diverse disciplines into disaster risk research will increase its relevance for decision-makers in policy and practice. Well-targeted incentives and political backing will improve the coherence,coordination, and sharing of knowledge among various actors and arenas.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction France Information management Knowledge systems Natural hazards Risk prevention

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Clean Production and Ecological Industry:A Key to Eco-city Development

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 3-8页

作者： Paulussen juergen Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.

关键词： China eco-city development clean production ecological industry urbanization eco- scape eco-culture integration of urban functions.

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