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Phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) from China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant comparisons

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 645-654页

作者： Susan A.Coats Ali M.Idris judith K.Brown Department of Plant Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Phylogenetic relationships for Bemisia tabaci were reconstructed by analysis of a ～780 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geographic range and distribution among eight eudicot plant families that are common hosts of B. tabaci worldwide to elucidate key phylogeographic linkages between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstrap values for the Maximum Parsimony tree were highly robust for all major nodes involving the major Asian clade, subgroups, and sister groups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for the Southeast Asia and three other major clades, e.g. from sub-Sahara Africa, North Africa-Mediterranean, and the Americas, were approximately >16% divergent. Two major Asian subgroups (I, II) were resolved, which represented populations indigenous to the region, comprising two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister groups, respectively, which diverged by 11%. Two distinct populations from sunflower in Hyderabad grouped separately within the two Asian subgroups. All other populations grouped uniquely within Asian subgroup II or I. The "B" biotype was identified in 23 collections from China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with "B" biotype reference sequences; it was not identified in collections from India. The majority of haplotypes were associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for sister group IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci from the southeastern and near eastern regions of the Asian continent comprise of a large number of ancestral, richly divergent, mostly polyphagous populations. This region is therefore hypothesized to constitute an important Old World center of diversification for the B. tabaci complex, together with sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci complex cytochrome oxidase I host range phylogenetic relationship

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Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM_(10) aerosol in Hangzhou,China

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Particuology 2009年第3期7卷 161-168页

作者： Junji Cao Zhenxing Shen judith C. Chow Guowei Qi John G. Watson State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology - SKLLQG. Institute of earth environment ChineseAcademy of Sciences Xi'an. Shaanxi 710075 China Department of environmental Science and engineering. xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an 710049. China Division of Atmospheric Sciences. Desert Research Institute. Reno. USA Hangzhou Municipal environmental Monitoring Center Hangzhou 310007 China

Aerosol observation was conducted for four seasons from September 2001 to August 2002 at five sampling sites in Hangzhou, South China, on PM10 mass, 22 elements （Na, Mg, AI, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As. Se, Br, Cd, Ba, and Pb）, 5 major ions （F^-, Cl^ , NO3^-, SO4^2- , and NH4^＋）, and organic and elemental carbon （OC and eC）, showing that PM10 mass ranged from 46.7 to 270.8 μg/m^3, with an annual average of 119.2 μg/m^3. Na, AI, Si, S, K, Ca, and Fe were the most abundant elements in PM10, most of S being in the form of SO4^2- . SO4^2-, NO3^-, and NH4^＋ were the major ions, which contributed to about 20% of the PM10 mass. The mean seasonal concentrations for SO4^2- , averaged over all sites, were found to be 18.0, 18.5, 24,Z and 21.4 μg/m^3, for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, while the corresponding loadings for NO3^- were 7.2, 4.7, 7.1, and 11.2 μg/m^3, and for NH4^＋ were 6.0, 5.9, 8.2, and 9.3 μg/m^3, in the form mostly of NH4NO3 in spring, autumn, and winter, and mostly of （NH4）2SO4 in summer. The low NO3^-/SO4^2- ratio found indicates coal combustion as the major source throughout the year. The mean annual concentrations of OC and eC in PM10 were found to be 21.4, and 4.1 μg/m^3, respectively. Material balance calculation indicated that fugitive dust, the secondary aerosol, and carbonaceous matter were the most abundant species in PM10 for the four seasons, as is characteristic for cities in South China.

关键词： PM10 elements lons Carbon Material balance

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Distracted walking:examining the extent to pedestrian safety problems

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering(english edition) 2015年第5期2卷 327-337页

作者： judith Mwakalonge Saidi Siuhi Jamario White Department of Civil and Mechanical engineering Technology and Nuclear engineering South Carolina State University Department of Civil engineering Abu Dhabi University

Pedestrians, much like drivers, have always been engaged in multi-tasking like using handheld devices, listening to music, snacking, or reading while walking. The effects are similar to those experienced by distracted drivers. However, distracted walking has not received similar policies and effective interventions as distracted driving to improve pedestrian safety. This study reviewed the state-of-practice on policies, campaigns, available data, identified research needs, and opportunities pertaining to distracted walking. A comprehensive review of literature revealed that some of the agencies/organizations disseminate useful information about certain distracting activities that pedestrians should avoid while walking to improve their safety. Various walking safety rules/tips have been given, such as not wearing headphones or talking on a cell phone while crossing a street, keeping the volume down, hanging up the phone while walking, being aware of traffic, and avoiding distractions like walking with texting. The majority of the past observational-based and experimental-based studies reviewed in this study on distracted walking is in agreement that there is a positive correlation between distraction and unsafe walking behavior. However, limitations of the existing crash data suggest that distracted walking may not be a severe threat to the public health. Current pedestrian crash data provide insufficient information for researchers to examine the extent to which distracted walking causes and/ or contributes to actual pedestrian safety problems.

关键词： Distracted walkingPedestrian distractionsPublic awareness campaignsWalking safety rules/tipsPedestrian fatalitiesTraffic fatalities

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Spatial and temporal analysis of forest cover change in Falgore Game Reserve in Kano, Nigeria

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ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 109-121页

作者： Muhammad Sabiu Suleiman Oliver Vivian Wasonga judith Syombua Mbau Yazan Ahmed elhadi Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of NairobiP.O.Box 29053Loresho RidgeNairobiKenya

Introduction:Multi-temporal land-use and land-cover data provides a historical vehicle for determining and evaluating long-term trends in bio-physical ***-use and land-cover assessment and mapping is one of the most useful applications of geographic information system(GIS)for planning,management,and *** study analyses the spatio-temporal pattern of forest cover dynamics for three decades in Falgore Game Reserve in Kano,*** dynamics of forest cover transition during 1985–2015 was analysed using multi-temporal Landsat ***:The spatio-temporal analysis shows that moderate woodland dominated in 1985(46%)and 2005(57%)but was replaced by open woodland in 2015 which accounts for 58%of the total area of Falgore Game Reserve(FGR)*** woodland occupied the least area of the total forest estate that varied between 17%in 1985 and 1%in *** results indicate that dense woodland,moderate woodland,and very open woodland were decreased at annual average rate of 3,1,and 0.4%.Open woodland had expanded from 21,127 ha in 1985 to 53,392 ha in *** main drivers of forest resource degradation in the area were found to be excessive fuelwood collection,overgrazing,agricultural expansion,and forest ***:These findings suggest that protection strategies employed in FGR were not effective as deforestation is still evident in the *** and environmental based NGOs should therefore prioritize effective and efficient conservation strategy for present and future use of forest resources,in addition to the provision of alternative livelihood sources to communities proximate to the *** will ensure the socio-economic well-being of the locals and sustainable conservation of biological diversity in the area.

关键词： Forest Trend Game reserve Falgore Degradation

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evaluation of Truck Lane Restriction on Non-Limited Access Urban Arterials

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2012年第2期1卷 191-204页

作者： judith L.Mwakalonge Ren Moses Department of Civil and Mechanical engineering Technology South Carolina State University300 College Street NEP.O.Box 8144OrangeburgSouth Carolina29117 Department of Civil engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering2525 Pottsdamer StreetRoom 129TallahasseeFL32310

The strategy of managing truck traffic through truck lane restriction is very prevalent on limited access highways in Florida and other *** perceived and real success of truck lane restriction on freeways have led to increasing demands from the public for highway agencies to institute similar measures on non-limited access *** objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of various geometric,traffic,and signalization factors that might affect safety and operational effectiveness of truck lane restriction on non-limited access highways,primarily on urban arterial roadways with significant amount of truck *** of lack of sufficient sites with truck lane restriction on which to conduct a longitudinal field study,VISSIM simulation software was used to evaluate operational and safety effects of truck lane restriction by varying various parameters related to the *** results of various simulation scenarios showed that restricting trucks to the right lane don’t have deleterious effects on both safety and operational roadway performance compared to no restriction at *** fact,it could improve travel speed on the highway corridor,although not ***,restricting trucks to the left or center lanes would cause excessive lane changing,reduced travel speed,increased queue length,and *** imposition of truck lane restriction of either kind increases speed difference between cars and trucks within *** phenomenon is likely to increase vehicular conflicts in real life but the exact extent of its operational and safety implications need to be studied further in the field.

关键词： delete Access travel

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Metals content in sediments of ephemeral streams with small reservoirs(the Negev Desert)

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第3期35卷 269-277页

作者： Ma?gorzata Kijowska-Struga?a ?ukasz Wiejaczka Rafa? Koz?owski judith Lekach Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and Spatial OrganizationResearch Station in Szymbark Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and Spatial OrganizationDepartment Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Geography and Spatial OrganizationDepartment of Geoenvironmental Research The Jan Kochanowski University Institute of Geography and Environmental Sciences Bar-Ilan University Department of Geography and Environment

The content of 19 metals(chromium,cobalt,nickel,strontium,arsenic,magnesium,barium,cesium,gallium,rubidium,uranium,vanadium,zinc,lead,copper,cadmium,iron,manganese,and aluminum) in sediment in three ephemeral streams(Nahal Sansana,Nahal Revivim and Nahal Pura) with reservoirs in the Negev Desert is studied *** study was done in September *** samples were collected from the surface layer of sediment(up to 10 cm) in the reservoirs and in the channels upstream and downstream of the ***,which on average,accounted for 72% dominated in the *** the spatial distribution of the particle size,sand and gravel fractions were deposited in the ***,iron,and magnesium accounted for 99% of all analyzed *** Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA) showed that sediment in the Negev Desert channel upstream of the reservoirs had similar concentrations of *** were also found between the analyzed *** bottom sediment in reservoirs had higher concentrations of metals than sediment upstream and downstream of the *** comparison of concentrations in upstream and downstream locations did not show any unambiguous trends because metal concentrations downstream from the reservoirs were not always lower than upstream of the *** analysis of the sediment enrichment factor(eF) showed the highest value in the reservoirs and the lowest downstream of the *** concentrations of most analyzed metals did not indicate the possibility of potential ecological risk(SQG).

关键词： Metal content Sediment Reservoir Arid zone Israel

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Come as you are

Come as you are

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作者： (1951-)Roof judith

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Optimizing Degree Distributions of LT Anti-eavesdropping Based on Fountain Code

Optimizing Degree Distributions of LT Anti-eavesdropping Bas...

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作者： DIONNe judith ATOMe eSTeLLe 辽宁工业大学

学位级别：硕士

In today's rapidly developing information age,wireless communication has developed from the exchange of information between people to the ability to establish connections between everything,becoming the protagonist of the ***,its broadcast transmission method makes the information easy to be stolen by illegal eavesdroppers during the transmission process,which damages the basic rights of legal *** to the characteristics of low decoding overhead,low encoding and decoding complexity,and strong adaptability,LT codes have better anti-eavesdropping advantages in wiretapping channels,and the encoding method is one of the main factors affecting the performance of LT ***,in order to ensure the security of wireless transmission,from the perspective of physical layer channel coding,this paper takes LT code as the research object,studies its coding method,and proposes an improved method of LT code coding by reorganizing the RSD coding matrix with the best degree 1 to improve Anti-eavesdropping performance of LT codes in eavesdropping *** LT code adopts the BP decoding method,which starts to decode when it receives a code symbol of degree 1,while the traditional LT code generates a coding matrix based on the RSD degree distribution *** size distribution of the degree is random,if the encoding symbols of degree 1 are sent to the receiving end and the eavesdropper earlier,there is a possibility that the eavesdropper recovers the source encoding symbols before the legitimate receiver,so that the eavesdropper successfully steals *** this paper,aiming at the randomness of the moderate distribution of the coding matrix of the traditional LT code,an improved LT code coding method of coding matrix reorganization is proposed,and a new coding matrix is obtained by rearranging the columns in the coding matrix of the traditional LT code according to the degree value from large to small,aiming to move the coded symbols of degree

关键词： LT codes anti-eavesdropping encoding matrix recombination similar number loop decoding cost

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Study on Dilemma and Choice of Foreign Language in Madagascar’s education

Study on Dilemma and Choice of Foreign Language in Madagasca...

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作者： RABARIJAONA Tojohery judith Marie 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

The choice of the language in the Malagasy education system and the way to teach them-as in many colonized countries-have been affected by radical changes,inspired by political rather than technical *** problem of the place attributed to foreign languages-particularly French and english-has become increasingly important in *** aim of this work was to make Malagasy people aware of the language dilemma they face and the importance of effective language planning and deliberate language policy in the twenty-first century,particularly in the field of *** this thesis,the author described the dilemmas and the choice of those two main international languages,focusing on the paradox of French as an official language used as a language of instruction but which cannot take place in the daily life of Malagasy people and english as a foreign language that takes place in the Malagasy society but does not receive the attention it deserves in language *** research was conducted within the framework of ethno-methodology and cognitive theory of foreign language *** qualitative research,data were collected on a primary and secondary *** data were collected through interviews and surveys of teachers,parents,students,public and private schools Secondary data were collected from Ministry of education literature reports on current and future foreign language policy *** thesis found that the study of languages cannot be dissociated from the political,historical and social context of the place where they are learned and ***,at the level of language teaching policy,Madagascar must consider a return to the Malagasyization of the institution’s language,of the system and the content of the curriculum from primary school to *** the absence of appropriate language planning and development,the Malagasyization of education in Madagascar has been an unfortunate *** the Malagasy government must cont

关键词： Linguistic dilemma Language education French english Madagascar

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An evaluation of garlic lectin as an alternative carrier domain for insecticidal fusion proteins

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 483-495页

作者： elaine Fitches judith Philip Gareth Hinchliffe Leisbeth Vercruysse Nanasaheb Chougule John A. Gatehouse Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton York Y041 1LZ UK School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK

The mannose-binding lectin GNA （snowdrop lectin） is used as a＂carrier＂ domain in insecticidal fusion proteins which cross the insect gut after oral ingestion. A similar lectin from garlic bulb, ASAII, has been evaluated as an alternative ＂carrier＂. Recombinant ASAII delivered orally to larvae of cabbage moth （Mamestra brassica; Lepidoptera） was subsequently detected in haemolymph, demonstrating transport. Fusion proteins comprising an insect neurotoxin, ButaIT （Buthus tamulus insecticidal toxin; red scorpion toxin） linked to the C-terminal region of ASAII or GNA were produced as recombinant proteins （GNA/ ButaIT and ASA/ButaIT） by expression in Pichia pastoris. In both cases the C-terminal sequence of the lectin was truncated to avoid post-translational proteolysis. The GNA- containing fusion protein was toxic by injection to cabbage moth larvae （LD50≈ 250μg/g）, and when fed had a negative effect on survival and growth. It also decreased the survival of cereal aphids （Sitobion avenae; Homoptera） from neonate to adult by 〉70% when fed. In contrast, the ASA-ButaIT fusion protein was non-toxic to aphids, and had no effect on lepidopteran larvae, either when injected or when fed. However, intact ASA-ButaIT fusion protein was present in the haemolymph of cabbage moth larvae following ingestion, showing that transport of the fusion had occurred. The stabilities of GNA/ButaIT and ASA/ButaIT to proteolysis in vivo after injection or ingestion differed, and this may be a factor in determining insecticidal activities.

关键词： Allium sativum lectin ASAII gut to haemolymph transport Pichia pastoris expression system stability to proteolysis

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