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An Evaluati.n of the Calori.i. Values of the Branches and Stems of 11 Tropi.al Trees

Journal of Sustai.able Bi.energy Systems 2016年第2期6卷 44-54页

作者： jude i. duruaku Vi.cent i. E. Aji.e Nkechi.H. Okoye Rosemary U. Ari.ze Department of Pure and i.dustri.l Chemi.try Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

Thi. work i.vesti.ated and quanti.i.d the calori.i. values of the mai. branches and trunks of eleven (11) tropi.al trees i. correlati.n wi.h thei. chemi.al composi.i.n i. order to assess thei. sui.abi.i.y for use as credi.le sources of wood fuel. The determi.ati.n of the carbon, hydrogen, ni.rogen, oxygen and sulphur (CHNOS) content of the samples was done usi.g an organi. elemental analyser, whi.e an oxygen bomb calori.eter was used to experi.entally determi.e thei. correspondi.g gross heat values. The experi.ental gross heat values for the branches exami.ed ranged from 18,703.37 kJ/kg i. Lophi.a lanceolata to 21,350.35 kJ/kg i. Afzeli. afri.ana whi.e that of the trunks ranged from 19,747.74 kJ/kg i. Tectoni. grandi. to 22,408.68 kJ/kg i. Prosopi. afri.ana. These values were wi.hi. and about the expected ranges observed for tropi.al trees and may be consi.ered adequate for wood fuel. The general trend i. both branches and trunks was that the hi.her the carbon content, the hi.her the gross heat value of sample. The absence of sulphur i. almost all the samples except, Prosopi. afri.ana, (0.055%) was i.di.ati.e of the fact that the negati.e envi.onmental i.pact wi.h respect to harmful emi.si.ns of oxi.es of sulphur i. practi.ally non-exi.tent wi.h respect to these speci.s. i. the li.ht of the aforementi.ned vari.bles, the mai. branches of Afzeli. afri.ana (21,350.35 kJ/kg), Nauclea di.erri.hi. (21,157.30 kJ/kg) and Tectoni. grandi. (20,257.13 kJ/kg) could be used as credi.le sources of fi.ewood and charcoal producti.n. Wi.h respect to the trunks, the ti.bers i. order of preference would i.eally be Prosopi. afri.ana (22,408.68 kJ/kg), Nauclea di.eri.hi. (21,436.42 kJ/kg) and Brachsti.i. eurychoma (20,924.7 kJ/kg).

关键词： Calori.i. Value Elemental Composi.i.n Gross Heat Value Bulk Densi.y Ash Content

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Physi.omechani.al Properti.s of Sustai.able Wood Plasti. Composi.es of Tropi.al Sawdust and Thermoplasti. Waste for Possi.le Uti.i.ati.n i. the Wood i.dustry

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Journal of Sustai.able Bi.energy Systems 2023年第4期13卷 149-171页

作者： jude i. duruaku Patri.k A. C. Okoye Theresa U. Onuegbu Valenti.e i. Onwukeme Nkechi.H. Okoye Joseph O. Nwadi.gbu Department of Pure and i.dustri.l Chemi.try Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Pure and i.dustri.l Chemi.try Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli Nigeria

Thi. work i.vesti.ated and quanti.i.d the physi.omechani.al properti.s of flat-pressed wood plasti. composi.es produced wi.h recycled polyethylene terephthalate, recycled polyethylene and sawdust deri.ed from selected tropi.al ti.bers, namely, Nauclea di.erri.hi., Brachystegi. eurycoma, Erythrophleum suaveolens and Prosopi. afri.ana, for possi.le uti.i.ati.n i. the wood i.dustry. The compoundi.g of the polymer blends of the precursor plasti.s, namely recycled PET (rPET) and recycled PE (rPE) wi.h the sawdust (SD) from the selected ti.bers to produce the desi.ed wood rPET/rPE composi.es was carri.d out vi. the flat press method. The characteri.ati.n of the physi.omechani.al properti.s of the wood plasti. composi.es (WPCs) produced, such as the densi.y, hardness, flexural strength, ulti.ate tensi.e strength, elongati.n %, thi.kness swelli.g and water absorpti.n capaci.y was carri.d out usi.g methods based mai.ly on the European Commi.tee for Standardi.ati.n (CEN) and the Ameri.an Soci.ty for Testi.g Materi.ls (ASTM) standards. The results of the i.vesti.ati.n on the resultant composi.es i.di.ated that changes i. the SD content affected the densi.y of flat-pressed WPCs i. li.e wi.h li.erature. Generally, i. was observed that as wood dust i.creased and PET content decreased, the densi.y of composi.es decreased wi.h some devi.ti.ns as expected probably due to the ani.otropi. nature of the wood fi.lers. The analysi. of vari.nce (ANOVA) revealed that there was a stati.ti.ally si.ni.i.ant vari.ti.n i. the wood composi.es of Nuclea di.eri.hi. based on the physi.omechani.al values as the p-value (0.020) obtai.ed was less than the cri.i.al level of α = 0.05. i. was also observed that the composi.e, Wood 1 Sample 5 (W1S5) whi.h was composed of 40% rPE, 40% rPET and 20% SD (deri.ed from Nuclea di.eri.hi.), had the hi.hest percentage elongati.n (26.84%);the hi.hest flexural strength (14.995 N/mm2) and possi.ly the least carbon footpri.t i. the env

关键词： Wood Plasti. Composi.es Densi.y Water Absorpti.n Capaci.y Cellulose Sustai.abi.i.y Recycle Waste

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An Evaluati.n of the Physi.ochemi.al, Structural and Morphologi.al Properti.s of Selected Tropi.al Wood Speci.s for Possi.le Uti.i.ati.n i. the Wood i.dustry

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Journal of Sustai.able Bi.energy Systems 2023年第4期13卷 131-148页

作者： jude i. duruaku Patri.k A. C. Okoye Nkechi.H. Okoye Joseph O. Nwadi.gbu Valenti.e i. Onwukeme Rosemary U. Ari.ze Department of Pure and i.dustri.l Chemi.try Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

Thi. work i.vesti.ated and quanti.i.d the physi.ochemi.al, structural and morphologi.al properti.s of four (4) tropi.al ti.bers as precursor raw materi.ls for possi.le uti.i.ati.n i. the wood plasti. i.dustry. The physi.ochemi.al properti.s of the wood samples such as the bulk and tapped densi.y, moi.ture content, water absorpti.n capaci.y at 25°C, volati.e content, fi.ed carbon, ash content, alpha cellulose, hemi.ellulose, li.ni., and extracti.es contents were determi.ed usi.g standard methods li.e the European Commi.tee for Standardi.ati.n and (CEN/TS) and the Ameri.an Soci.ty for Testi.g Materi.ls (ASTM) standards. The structural and morphologi.al properti.s of the samples were exami.ed wi.h Fouri.r i.frared Transform (FTi.) spectroscopy and scanni.g electron mi.roscope (SEM). Results i.di.ated that the bulk densi.y values of the ti.bers ranged from 0.34 g/cm3 i. Brachystegi. eurycoma (W3) to 0.47 g/cm3 i. Erythrophleum suaveolens (W2), wi.h the other ti.bers, Nuclea di.eri.hi. (W1) and Prosopi. afri.ana (W4) havi.g the same bulk densi.y of 0.40 g/cm3. Wi.h respect to thei. moi.ture content, W2 had the hi.hest value (8.38%) whi.e Nauclea di.erri.hi. had the lowest value (6.52%). The water absorpti.n capaci.i.s of the woods studi.d correlated wi.h the cellulose composi.i.n of wood i. the order of: W3 > W1 > W4 > W2. The FTi. results showed that W2 and W3 presented a sli.htly more promi.ent and broader band than the other woods at 1731 cm-1, i. agreement wi.h the hi.her holocellulose content of these speci.s, whi.e W2 and W4 presented the most promi.ent peaks i.di.ati.g hi.her li.ni. content than W1 and W3. The SEM mi.rographs of the wood flour samples i.vesti.ated i.di.ated that the surfaces of the woods were rough and heterogeneous wi.h i.regular crystal and

关键词： Wood Plasti. Composi.es Densi.y Water Absorpti.n Capaci.y Cellulose Sustai.abi.i.y

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