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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： j.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana M.M.Günther n.Bukharskii n.Borisenko j.jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov n.E.Andreev O.n.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany national Research nuclear University MEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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Bismuth-based halide double perovskite Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6): Disorder and luminescence

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 504-508页

作者： Pan Liu Yanming Sun Alberto j.Fernández-Carrión Bowen Zhang Hui Fu Lunhua He Xing Ming Congling Yin Xiaojun Kuang MOE Key Laboratory of new Processing Technology for nonferrous Metal and Materials Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optic and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringGuilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China Analytical Instrumentation Center College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Spallation neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Chinese Academic of Science Institute of PhysicsBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China College of Science Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China

A new bismuth-based halide double perovskite Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) was isolated successfully through solid-state reactions and investigated using X-ray and neutron *** than an ordered structure,the crystal structure consists of shifted Cs,K,Bi,and Cl sites from the ideal positions with fractional occupancy in compensation,leading to variable local coordination of Cs^(+)ions,as revealed by^(133)Cs solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ***_(2)KBiCl_(6) displays volume hysteresis at 5-298 K range upon heating and *** Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) has a direct bandgap of 3.35(2)eV and red-shift luminescence of around 600 nm upon Mn doping compared with the na *** stabilization of disordered structure in Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) is related to two factors including the large-sized K^(+)cation which prefers to coordinate with more than six Cl^(-),and the Bi^(3+)with 6s^(2) lone pair which has a preference for a local asymmetric *** findings could have general application and help to understand the structure and property of halide perovskites.

关键词： Halide perovskite Double perovskite Luminescence Disordered structure Direct bandgap

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A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 277-291页

作者： I.A.O.Beeren G.Dos Santos P.j.Dijkstra C.Mota j.Bauer H.Ferreira Rui L.Reis n.neves S.Camarero-Espinosa M.B.Baker L.Moroni Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ER MaastrichtThe Netherlands 3B’s Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

Melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing(ME-AM)is a promising technique to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engi-neering ***,most synthetic semicrystalline polymers do not possess the intrinsic biological activity required to control cell *** of biomolecules on polymeric surfaces of AM scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of a construct;however,there are limited strategies available to control the surface ***,we report a strategy to tune the surface density of bioactive groups by blending a low molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone)5k(PCL5k)containing orthogonally reactive azide groups with an unfunctionalized high molecular weight PCL75k at different *** porous three-dimensional(3D)scaf-folds were then fabricated using a high weight percentage(75 wt.%)of the low molecular weight PCL *** a proof-of-concept test,we prepared films of three different mass ratios of low and high molecular weight polymers with a thermopress and reacted with an alkynated fluorescent model compound on the surface,yielding a density of 201-561 pmol/cm^(2).Subsequently,a bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)-derived peptide was grafted onto the films comprising different blend compositions,and the effect of peptide surface density on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells(hMSCs)was *** two weeks of culturing in a basic medium,cells expressed higher levels of BMP receptor II(BMPRII)on films with the conjugated *** addition,we found that alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly enhanced on films contain-ing the highest peptide density(i.e.,561 pmol/cm^(2)),indicating the importance of the surface *** together,these results emphasize that the density of surface peptides on cell differentiation must be considered at the cell-material ***,we have presented a viable strategy for ME-AM community that desires to tune the bulk and surface functionality via blending of(m

关键词： Additive manufacturing Blending Surface functionalization Surface density Click chemistry Human

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Deploying Hybrid EnsembleMachine Learning Techniques for Effective Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attack Detection

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 707-748页

作者： Bacha n.U. Lu S. Ur Rehman A. Idrees M. Ghadi Y.Y. Alahmadi T.j. School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430073 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain University Al Ain Abu Abu Dhabi 12555 United Arab Emirates Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 84428 Saudi Arabia

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) remains a significant threat to web application security, exploiting vulnerabilities to hijack user sessions and steal sensitive data. Traditional detection methods often fail to keep pace with the evolving sophistication of cyber threats. This paper introduces a novel hybrid ensemble learning framework that leverages a combination of advanced machine learning algorithms-Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), and Deep neural networks (Dnn). Utilizing the XSS-Attacks-2021 dataset, which comprises 460 instances across various real-world trafficrelated scenarios, this framework significantly enhances XSS attack detection. Our approach, which includes rigorous feature engineering and model tuning, not only optimizes accuracy but also effectively minimizes false positives (FP) (0.13%) and false negatives (Fn) (0.19%). This comprehensive methodology has been rigorously validated, achieving an unprecedented accuracy of 99.87%. The proposed system is scalable and efficient, capable of adapting to the increasing number of web applications and user demands without a decline in performance. It demonstrates exceptional real-time capabilities, with the ability to detect XSS attacks dynamically, maintaining high accuracy and low latency even under significant loads. Furthermore, despite the computational complexity introduced by the hybrid ensemble approach, strategic use of parallel processing and algorithmtuning ensures that the system remains scalable and performs robustly in real-time applications. Designed for easy integration with existing web security systems, our framework supports adaptable Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and a modular design, facilitating seamless augmentation of current defenses. This innovation represents a significant advancement in cybersecurity, offering a scalable and effective solution for securing modern web applications a

关键词： Cross-site scripting hybrid learning machine learning stacking ensemble learning XSS detection

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Chronic disease patients have fewer social contacts:A pilot survey with implications for transmission dynamics

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 926-930页

作者： j.Vanderlocht S.Møgelmose K.Van Kerckhove P.Beutels n.Hens Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Data Science InstituteHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium

non-communicable diseases(nCD)are the most important cause of death in the *** socio-economic costs associated with nCDs makes it imperative to prevent and control them in the 21st *** severe toll that the COVID-19 pandemic has taken worldwide is an unfortunate illustration of our limited insight into the infectious risk for the global ***-incidence between nCD and infection offers an underexplored opportunity to design preventive *** a pilot survey,we observed that the nCD population displays a substantial reduction in their social contacting behavior as compared to the general *** indicates that existing mathematical models based on contact surveys in the general population are not applicable to the nCD population and that the risk of acquiring an infection following a contact is probably *** demonstration of reduced social mixing in several chronic conditions,raises the question to what extent the social mixing is influenced by the burden of *** advocate the design of disease-specific contact surveys to address how the burden of disease associates with social contact behavior and the risk of *** SARS-CoV-2 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to gain insight into the importance of infection in the nCD population and to find ways to improve healthcare procedures.

关键词： survey mixing insight

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Behavior of transporting pipeline sections without and with hydrogen exposure based on full-scale tests

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China Welding 2024年第3期33卷 14-24页

作者： nóra nagy jános Lukács Institute of Materials Science and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and InformaticsUniversity of MiskolcMiskolc 3515Hungary

Pipeline transport of hydrogen is one of today’s economic and environmental *** order to find safe and reliable application of both existing gas and build new pipelines,it is essential to carry out tests on full-scale pipeline section,including the potentially more dangerous places than the main pipe,the girth *** the investigations,pipeline sections of P355nH steel with girth welds were prepared and exposed to pure hydrogen at twice the maximum allowable operating pressure for 41 ***,full-scale burst tests were carried out and specimens were cut and prepared from the typical locations of the failed pipeline sections for mechanical,and macro-and microstructural *** results obtained were evaluated and compared with data from previous full-scale tests on pipeline sections without hydrogen *** results showed differences in the behavior of pipeline sections loaded in different ways,with different characteristics of the materials and the welded joints,both in the cases without hydrogen exposure and in the cases exposed to hydrogen.

关键词： gas transporting pipeline full-scale pipeline test complex loading condition hydrogen exposure safety factor

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： Lucia V.Sommaro juan j.Martinez Marina B.Chiappero Andrea R.Steinmann Cristina n.Gardenal joséW.Priotto Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal(IDEA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

The sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary ***,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal *** sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed *** data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for *** results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all ***,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population ***,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active *** disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance *** study shows that *** is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the *** indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating *** study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

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Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： Sarah Babington Alan j.Tilbrook Shane K.Maloney jill n.Fernandes Tamsyn M.Crowley Luoyang Ding Archa H.Fox Song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino Timothy j.Mahony Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a *** is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare *** behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative *** welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to *** this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human *** proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological *** also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker Stress Welfare assessment

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A shift in redox conditions near the Ediacaran/Cambrian transition and its possible influence on early animal evolution,CorumbáGroup,Brazil

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 148-158页

作者： Fabricio A.Caxito Erik Sperling Gabriella Fazio Rodrigo Rodrigues Adorno Matheus Denezine Dermeval Aparecido Do Carmo Martino Giorgioni Gabriel j.Uhlein Alcides n.Sial CPMTC Research Center and Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia Departamento de GeologiaInstituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMG 31270-901Brazil Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Doerr School of SustainabilityStanford UniversityCA 94305USA Instituto de Geociências Universidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDF 70910-900Brazil Center for Applied Geosciences(CGA)of the Geological Survey of Brazil(SBG/CPRM) BrasíliaDistrito Federal 70040-904Brazil nEG LABISE Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife-PE 50740-530Brazil

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition witnessed some of the most important biological,tectonic,climatic and geochemical changes in Earth's *** utmost importance for early animal evolution is the likely shift in redox conditions of bottom waters,which might have taken place in distinct pulses during the late Ediacaran and early *** track redox changes during this transition,we present new trace element,total organic carbon and both inorganic and organic carbon isotopes,and the first iron speciation data on the Tamengo and Guaicurus formations of the CorumbáGroup in western Brazil,which record important paleobiological changes between 555 Ma tongo Formation is composed mainly of limestone with interbedded marls and mudrocks,and bears fragments of upper Ediacaran biomineralized fossils such as Cloudina lucianoi and Corumbella *** younger Guaicurus Formation represents a regional transgression of the shallow carbonate platform and is composed of a homogeneous fine-grained siliciclastic succession,bearing meiofaunal bilateral *** new iron speciation data reveal predominantly anoxic and ferruginous(non-sulfidic)bottom water conditions during deposition of the Tamengo Formation,with FeHR/FeT around 0.8 and FePy/FeHR below *** transition from the Tamengo to the Guaicurus Formation is marked by a stratigraphically rapid drop in FeHR/FeT to below 0.2,recording a shift to likely oxic bottom waters,which persist ***-sensitive element(RSE)concentrations are muted in both formations,but consistent with non-sulfidic bottom water conditions *** interpret the collected data to reflect a transition between two distinct paleoenvironmental *** Tamengo Formation represents an environment with anoxic bottom waters,with fragments of biomineralized organisms that lived on shallower,proba-bly mildly oxygenated surficial waters,and that were then transported *** to coeval suc

关键词： Atmospheric oxygenation Gondwana Redox proxies Iron speciation Ediacaran biota Redox-sensitive elements

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Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport membranes

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： Marwan Laqdiem julio García-Fayos Laura Almar Alfonso j.Carrillo Álvaro Represa joséM.López nieto Sonia Escolástico David Catalán-Martinez jose M.Serra Instituto de Tecnología Química(Universitat Politècnica de València–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

Industry decarbonization requires the development of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biomass and solar/wind *** the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport membranes(OTMs)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing ***,OTMs could provide oxygen from different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are more flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furthermore,OTMs can be integrated into catalytic membrane reactors,providing new pathways for different *** first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTM material(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),imposing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary *** to the emerging joule effect,the membrane-surface temperature and the associated O_(2) permeation flux could be ***,the OTM is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the membrane was maintained at 650℃.The O_(2)permeation flux reached for the electrified membranes was~3.7 nmL min^(-1)cm^(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTM non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer membrane surface revealed that lower surface temperatures(830℃)were detected at the same imposed electric ***,the electrification concept was demonstrated in a catalytic membrane reactor(CMR)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried *** reaction is very sensitive to temperature,and here,we demonstrate an improvement of the ethylene yield by reaching moderate temperatures in the reaction chamber while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen permeation Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen transport membranes joule effect Mixed ionic-electronic conductors Catalytic membrane reactors

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