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Racial and Health Disparities among Cirrhosis-related Hospitalizations in the USA

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第3期10卷 398-404页

作者： Ashwani K.Singal Yong-Fang Kuo juan p.arab Ramon Bataller Department of Medicine University of SD Sanford School of MedicineSioux FallsSDUSA Division of Transplant Hepatology Avera Transplant InstituteSioux FallsSDUSA Department of Biostatistics University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA Departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

Background and Aims:Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is the most common cause of advanced liver disease worldwide,including in the *** use and cirrhosis mortality is higher in American Indian/Alaska Native(AI/AN)compared to *** are scanty on ALD as a liver disease etiology in AI/AN compared to other races and ***:The National Inpatient Sample on 199,748 cirrhosis-related hospitalizations,14,241(2,893 AI/AN,2,893 Whites,2,882 Blacks,2,879 Hispanics,and 2,694 Asians or other races)matched 1:1 for race/ethnicity on demographics,insurance,and income quartile of the residence zip code ***:After controlling for geographic location and hospital type,odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)for ALD as cirrhosis etiology was higher among admissions in AI/AN ***[1.55(1.37–1.75)],***[1.87(1.65–2.11)],***[1.89(1.68–2.13)]and Asians/other races[2.24(1.98–2.53)].OR was also higher for AI/AN *** other races for alcohol-associated hepatitis(AH)as one of the discharge *** findings were similar in a subgroup of 4,649 admissions with decompensated cirrhosis and in a cohort of 350 admissions with acute-on-chronic liver failure as defined by EASL-CLIF *** use disorder diagnosis was present in 38%of admissions in AI/AN vs.24–30%in other races,ppital ***(95%CI)for in-hospital mortality in AI/AN individuals was 34%reduced ***[0.66(0.51–0.84)],but no difference was observed on comparison with other ***:ALD,including AH,is the most common etiology among cirrhosisrelated hospitalizations in the USA among AI/AN ***-hospital mortality was observed in about 6%of admissions,which was higher for Blacks and similar in other races compared to admissions for AI/*** health policies should be implemented to reduce the burden of advanced ALD among AI/AN individuals.

关键词： American Indians Alaska Natives Native Americans Healthcare burden Epidemiology Magnitude Transplant

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Therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: A Delphi technique-based consensus

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第25期8卷 1075-1086页

作者： juan p arab juan C Claro juan p Arancibia Jorge Contreras Fernando Gomez Cristian Munoz Leyla Nazal Eric Roessler Rodrigo Wolff Marco Arrese Carlos Benítez Departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Departamento de Medicina Interna and programa de Salud Basada en la Evidencia Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Sección de Gastroenterología Departamento de Medicina Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile and Clínica Santa María Unidad de Gastroenterología Universidad del Desarrollo Clínica Alemana Servicio de Gastroentero-logía Unidad de Trasplante Hepático Hospital del Salvador Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile and Unidad de Gastroenterología Clínica Alemana de Santiago Clínica Indisa Clínica Las Condes y Servicio de Gastroenterología Hospital Fuerza Aérea de Chile Departamento de Nefrología Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

AIM To propose several alternatives treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome(HRS-1) what is the most severe expression of circulatory dysfunction on patients with portal *** A group of eleven gastroenterologists and nephrologists performed a structured analysis of available *** expert was designated to review and answer a *** generated draft statements for evaluation by all the *** input was obtained from medical *** order to reach consensus,a modified three-round Delphi technique method was *** to United States preventive Services Task Force criteria,the quality of the evidence and level of recommendation supporting each statement was *** Nine questions were *** available evidence was evaluated considering its quality,number of patients included in the studies and the consistency of its *** generated questions were answered by the expert panel with a high level of ***,a therapeutic algorithm was *** role of terlipressin and norepinephrine was confirmed as the pharmacologic treatment of *** the other hand the use of the combination of octreotide,midodrine and albumin without vasoconstrictors was *** role of several other options was also evaluated and the available evidence was explored and *** transplantation is considered the definitive treatment for *** present consensus is an important effort that intends to organize the available strategies based on the available evidence in the literature,the quality of the evidence and the benefits,adverse effects and availability of the therapeutic tools *** Based on the available evidence the expert panel was able to discriminate the most appropriate therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of HRS-1.

关键词： Hepatorenal syndrome Delphi Consensus Evidence-based medicine Treatment

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Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:An evidence-based clinical practice review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12182-12201页

作者： juan p arab Roberto Candia Rodrigo Zapata Cristián Mu?oz juan p Arancibia Jaime poniachik Alejandro Soza Francisco Fuster Javier Brahm Edgar Sanhueza Jorge Contreras M Carolina Cuellar Marco Arrese Arnoldo Riquelme Departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile8330024 SantiagoChile Sección de Gastroenterología Hospital del SalvadorEscuela de MedicinaUniversidad de Chile7500922 SantiagoChile Unidad de Gastroenterología Universidad del DesarrolloClínica Alemana7650568 SantiagoChile Unidad de Trasplante Hepático Hospital del SalvadorUnidad de GastroenterologíaClínica Las Lilas7510524 SantiagoChile Sección de Gastroenterología Departamento de MedicinaHospital Clínico Universidad de ChileChile8380456 SantiagoChile Sección de Gastroenterología Hospital Clínico Universidad de ChileEscuela de MedicinaUniversidad de Chile8380456 SantiagoChile Digestive Diseases Unit Clínica Re?aca2540364 Vi?a del MarChile Gastroenterology Department Clínica Las Condes6770128 SantiagoChile Centre for Medical Education Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile8330024 SantiagoChile

AIM: To build a consensus among Chilean specialists on the appropriate management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in clinical practice.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatosis Consensus Evidence-based medicine Treatment

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COVID-19 and Indirect Liver Injury:A Narrative Synthesis of the Evidence

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第5期9卷 760-768页

作者： Francisco Idalsoaga Gustavo Ayares juan pablo arab Luis Antonio Díaz Departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración(CARE) Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile

The liver is frequently affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** most common manifestations are mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase,with a prevalence of 16-53%among *** with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)seem to have higher rates of acute liver dysfunction,and the presence of abnormal liver tests at admission signifies a higher risk of severe disease during *** with chronic liver diseases also have a higher risk of severe disease and mortality(mainly seen in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease).Several pathways of damage have been proposed in the liver involvement of COVID-19 patients;although,the end-cause is most likely *** liver tests have been attributed to the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in SARS-CoV-2 *** enzyme is expressed widely in cholangiocytes and less in *** factors attributed to liver damage include drug-induced liver injury,uncontrolled release of proinflammatory molecules(“cytokine storm”),pneumonia-associated hypoxia,and direct damage by the *** steatosis,vascular thrombosis,fibrosis,and inflammatory features(including Kupffer cell hyperplasia)are the most common liver histopathological findings in deceased COVID-19 patients,suggesting important indirect mechanisms of liver *** this translational medicinebased narrative review,we summarize the current data on the possible indirect mechanisms involved in liver damage due to COVID-19,the histopathological findings,and the impact of these mechanisms in patients with chronic liver disease.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Liver hepatitis Liver injury Novel coronavirus

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Enhanced Fabry-perot resonance in GaAs nanowires through local field enhancement and surface passivation

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Nano Research 2014年第8期7卷 1146-1153页

作者： Shermin arab Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Department of physics University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Center for Energy Nanoscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

We report substantial improvements in the photoluminescence （pL） efficiency and Fabry-perot （Fp） resonance of individual GaAs nanowires through surface passivation and local field enhancement, enabling Fp peaks to be observed even at room temperature. For bare GaAs nanowires, strong Fp resonance peaks can be observed at 4 K, but not at room temperature. However, depositing the nanowires on gold substrates leads to substantial enhancement in the pL intensity （5X） and 3.7X to infinite enhancement of Fp peaks. Finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） simulations show that the gold substrate enhances the pL spectra predominately through enhanced absorption （11X） rather than enhanced emission （1.3X）, predicting a total pL enhancement of 14X in the absence of non-radiative recombination. Despite the increased intensity of the Fp peaks, lower Q factors are observed due to losses associated with the underlying gold substrate. As a means of reducing the non-radiative recombination in these nanowires, the surface states in the nanowires can be passivated by either an ionic liquid （1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl）imide （EMIM TFSI）） or an A1GaAs surface layer to achieve up to 12X enhancement of the photoluminescence intensity and observation of Fp peaks at room temperature without a gold substrate.

关键词： MOCVD GaAs nanowires photoluminescence Fabry-perot ionic liquid

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Sending an SOS: Healing the Liver with the Bone Marrow

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第1期10卷 1-3页

作者： Gustavo Ayares juan pablo arab Ashwani K.Singal Departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile De-partment of Internal Medicine University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineSioux FallsSDUSA Division of Transplant Hepatology Avera Transplant InstituteSioux FallsSDUSA

Citation of this article:Ayares G,arab Jp,Singal *** an SOS:Healing the Liver with the Bone Marrow.J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022;10(1):***:10.14218/***,an end stage of any chronic liver disease is a form of impaired regeneration leading to progressive dif-fuse hepatic *** healthcare burden of cirrhosis is increasing,and it is currently the 13th leading cause of death *** progression of liver injury and fibrosis results in portal hypertension and hepatic insufficiency.

关键词： impaired Liver hepatic

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from a clinical and public health perspective

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第5期11卷 755-758页

作者： Luis Antonio Díaz Marco Arrese juan pablo arab Departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineSchulich School of MedicineWestern University&London Health Sciences CentreLondonONCanada Alimentiv LondonONCanada

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the western world(1).Currently,the global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated at 30%and is notably higher in South America and the Middle East(1).NAFLD prevalence has been rising during the last decades,and cases of decompensated NAFLD cirrhosis could increase by 168%in 2030(Figure 1A)(2).These trends are probably explained by several factors including the decrease in viral hepatitis incidence and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among the general population(2).

关键词： prevalence NAFLD liver

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Lecture notes on quantum entanglement:From stabilizer states to stabilizer channels

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第5期19卷 207-226页

作者： Amir R.arab Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences Gubkina Str.8Moscow 119991Russia Moscow Institute of physics and Technology 9 Institutskiy Per.DolgoprudnyMoscow Region141701Russia

We study mathematical,physical and computational aspects of the stabilizer formalism arising in quantum information and quantum *** measurement process of pauli observables with its algorithm is *** is shown that to detect genuine entanglement we need a full set of stabilizer generators and the stabilizer witness is coarser than the GHZ(Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger)*** discuss stabilizer codes and construct a stabilizer code from a given linear *** also discuss quantum error correction,error recovery criteria and syndrome *** symplectic structure of the stabilizer formalism is established and it is shown that any stabilizer code is unitarily equivalent to a trivial *** structure of graph codes as stabilizer codes is identified by obtaining the respective stabilizer *** distance of embeddable stabilizer codes in lattices is *** discuss the Knill-Gottesman theorem,tableau representation and frame *** runtime of simulating stabilizer gates is obtained by applying stabilizer ***,an algorithm for updating global phases is *** of quantum channels into stabilizer channels is *** discuss capacity achieving codes to obtain the capacity of the quantum erasure ***,we discuss the shadow tomography problem and an algorithm for constructing classical shadow is given.

关键词： pauli product stabilizer state measurement process entanglement detection stabilizer code stabilizer circuit quantum channel tomography

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Influence of specimen-reconstituting method on the undrained response of loose granular soil under static loading

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第5期27卷 796-802页

作者： Noureddine Della Ahmed arab Mostefa Belkhatir Laboratory of Material Sciences and Environment Civil Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ChlefSendjas Street PO Box 151 Chlef 02000Algeria

This paper describes the results of an experimental study on the undrained shear behaviour of loose sand collected from the location close to the epicenter of the recent Chlef （Algeria） Earthquake （October 10,1980）.The study focuses on the effects of the mode of the soil deposition on the liquefaction resistance of the Chlef *** this purpose,the results of undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests performed on samples with initial density of 0.29 under initial confining pressures ranged from 50 kpa to 200 kpa are *** specimens were prepared by two depositional methods namely dry funnel pluviation and wet *** was found that there was a marked difference in the undrained behaviour of sand in terms of maximal deviatoric stress,peak strength,residual strength and excess pore water pressure,even though the density and stress conditions were *** conclusion was that the soil fabric was responsible for this *** results indicated also that at low confining pressures,the specimens reconstituted by the wet deposition method exhibited complete static liquefaction （zero effective confining pressure and zero stress difference）.

关键词： Liquefaction · Undrained · Dry funnel pluviation · Wet deposition · Residual strength

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Effect of SrCO_3 addition on the dynamic compressive strength of ZTA

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第4期23卷 481-489页

作者： Ali arab Roslan Ahmad Zainal Arifin Ahmad School of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Structural Materials Niche Area School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus

Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics; thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO3 into zirconia-toughened alumina（ZTA） was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl12O19（SA6） phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO3. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load; these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the KIC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not enhanced because of the increase in porosity; in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO3.

关键词： ceramics strontium carbonate dynamic properties fracture toughness compressive strength

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