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Functional explanation of extreme hatching asynchrony: Male Manipulation Hypothesis

Zoological Research 2022年第5期43卷 843-850页

作者： Manuel Soler Francisco Ruiz-Raya Lucia Sanchez-Perez juan Diego Ibanez-Álamo juan josesoler Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18071Spain Unidad Asociada Coevolucion:Cucos Hospedadores y Bacterias SimbiontesUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18071Spain Centro de Investigacion Mariña Universidade de VigoGrupo de Ecoloxia AnimalVigo 36310Spain Departamento de Ecologia Funcional y Evolutiva Estacion Experimental de ZonasÁridas(CSIC)Almeria E-4120Spain

Hatching asynchrony in birds is considered an adaptation to facilitate brood reduction because under conditions of food scarcity, the smallest nestling usually dies soon after hatching, thereby minimizing parental effort. However, in species with extreme hatching asynchrony, the last hatchlings paradoxically experience a very low probability of survival and death can take so long that it can hardly be considered an adaptation. Here, we propose and experimentally tested a new adaptive hypothesis explaining the brood reduction paradox, namely the“Male Manipulation Hypothesis”. Our hypothesis suggests that by inducing asynchronous hatching,females increase the feeding requirements of the brood, which will induce males to increase provisioning effort. In addition, females may extend the period of male manipulation by feeding the smallest nestling just enough to sustain life. Our study showed that male common blackbirds(Turdus merula) increased their effort(i.e., number of food items per hour) in experimental asynchronous broods compared to synchronous broods, while females reduced their contribution, as predicted by the hypothesis.

关键词： Brood reduction Food allocation Hatchingasynchrony Malemanipulation hypothesis Sexual differences in food allocation Turdus merula

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维普期刊数据库

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Avian sibling cannibalism: Hoopoe mothers regularly use their last hatched nestlings to feed older siblings

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Zoological Research 2022年第2期43卷 265-274页

作者： juan josesoler Manuel Martin-Vivaldi Sona Nuhlickova Cristina Ruiz-Castellano Monica Mazorra-Alonso Ester Martinez-Renau Manfred Eckenfellner Jan Svetlik Herbert Hoi Departamento de Ecologia Funcional y Evolutiva Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas(EEZA-CSIC)Almeria E-04120Spain Unidad Asociada Coevolucion:Cucos Hospedadores y Bacterias SimbiontesUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain Department of Ecology Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius UniversityBratislava SK-84215Slovakia Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology Department of Interdisciplinary Life SciencesUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria

Sibling cannibalism is relatively common in nature,but its evolution in birds and certain other vertebrates with extended parental care had been ***,however,we demonstrate its regular occurrence in two European populations of the Eurasian hoopoe(Upupa epops)and explore possible adaptive and non-adaptive *** showed that sibling cannibalism was more frequently detected in Spain(51.7%)than in Austria(5.9%).In these two populations,the hoopoes laid similar clutch sizes,resulting in similar fledging production,but hatching failures were more frequent in the northern ***,having more nestlings condemned to die in the southern population may explain the higher incidence of sibling *** accordance with this interpretation,hatching span and failure,but not breeding date,explained the probability of sibling cannibalism in the Spanish hoopoes,while all three variables predicted brood reduction ***,experimental food supply reduced the probability of sibling cannibalism,but not the intensity of brood ***,females allocated fewer resources to the smallest nestlings when they were going to starve,but not necessarily when they were going to be used as food for their *** results suggest that hoopoes produce extra eggs that,in the case of reduced hatching failure and food scarcity,produce nestlings that are used to feed older *** findings provide the first evidence that sibling cannibalism occurs regularly in a bird species,thus expanding our evolutionary understanding of clutch size,hatching asynchrony,parent-offspring conflict,infanticide,and sibling cannibalism in the animal kingdom.

关键词： Brood reduction Clutch size Hatching asynchrony Ice-box hypothesis Infanticide Siblicide Sibling hierarchy Upupa epops

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维普期刊数据库

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