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Coordinating Pricing and Inventory Control in a Fluctuating Environment

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2010年第2期26卷 187-204页

作者： ju-liang zhang {3. Chen Xiang-sun zhang Department of Logistics management School of Economics and Management Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044 China Department of management science and engineering School of Economics and Management Tsinghua Uni-versity Beijing 100084 China Institute of Applied Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sci-ences Beijing 100190 China

This paper addresses the simultaneous determination of pricing and inventory replenishment strate- gies under a fluctuating environment. Specifically, we analyze the single item, periodic review model. The demand consists of two parts： the deterministic component, which is influenced by the price, and the stochastic component （perturbation）. The distribution of the stochastic component is determined by the current state of an exogenous Markov chain. The price that is charged in any given period can be specified dynamically. A replenishment order may be placed at the beginning of some or all of the periods, and stockouts are fully backlogged. Ordering costs that are lower semicontinuous, and inventory/backlog （or surplus） costs that are continuous with polynomial growth. Finite-horizon and infinite-horizon problems are addressed. Existence of optimal policies is established. Furthermore, optimality of （s,S,p）-type policies is proved when the ordering cost consists of fixed and proportional cost components and the surplus cost （these costs are all state-dependent） is convex.

关键词： Stochastic inventory management Markov chains pricing finite horizon infinite horizon

The 2022 report of synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for china.Accelerating transition in key sectors

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Environmental science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 4-18页

作者： Yu Lei Zhicong Yin Xi Lu Qiang zhang Jicheng Gong Bofeng Cai Cilan Cai Qimin Chai Huopo Chen Renjie Chen Shi Chen Wenhui Chen Jing Cheng Xiyuan Chi Hancheng Dai Xiangzhao Feng Guannan Geng jianlin Hu Shan Hu Cunrui Huang Tiantian Li Wei Li Xiaomei Li jun Liu Xin Liu Zhu Liu Jinghui Ma Yue Qin Dan Tong Xuhui Wang Xuying Wang Rui Wu Qingyang Xiao Yang Xie Xiaolong Xu Tao Xue Haipeng Yu Da zhang Ning zhang Shaohui zhang Shaojun zhang Xian zhang Xin zhang Zengkai zhang Bo Zheng Yixuan Zheng jian Zhou Tong Zhu Jinnan Wang Kebin He Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100041China Center for Carbon Neutrality Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100041China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Joint Laboratory for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing100871China National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International CooperationBeijing100035China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan UniversityShanghai200032China School of economics and management Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Department of Earth System science University of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China College of Environmental sciences and engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijing100029China jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring

china.is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate *** the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two *** Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in china.by developing and monitoring key *** Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated *** to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant *** milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric ***,in 2022,china.issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for china.s pollution-carbon *** changes highlight china.s efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable ***,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.

关键词： Synergetic roadmap Carbon neutrality Clean air

A MULTI-PERIOD PRICING AND INVENTORY CONTROL MODEL

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Journal of Systems science & Complexity 2010年第2期23卷 249-260页

作者： juliang zhang {3. CHEN Department of Logistics management School of Economics and Management Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044 China. Department of management science and engineering School of Economics and Management Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China.

The authors analyze a finite horizon,single product,period review model in which pricingand inventory decisions are made *** in different periods are random variablesthat are independent of each other and their distributions depend on the product *** andordering decisions are made at the beginning of each period and all shortage are *** is a convex function of the amount *** objective is to find an inventory and pricing policymaximizing expected discounted profit over the finite *** authors characterize the structure ofthe optimal combined pricing and inventory strategy for this ***,the authors demonstratehow the profit-to-go function,order up to level,reorder point and optimal price change with respectto state and time.

关键词： Convex cost function planning horizon pricing stochastic inventory management uncertainty.

OPTIMAL AND INCENTIVE COMPATIBLE PRICING FOR HETEROGENEOUS PERIODS

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Journal of Systems science and Systems engineering 2008年第1期17卷 50-65页

作者： jian CHEN Nan zhang Shuo HUANG Research Center for Contemporary management Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities School of Economics and Management Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper studies a service firm whose business time can be divided into several periods, each providing different value to customers. Heterogeneous service is a major reason resulting in imbalances between supply and demand. Since customers differ in their degree of impatience, firrns can use differential pricing mechanisms to optimize their objectives and match supply with demand in each period, by inducing customers to choose different periods. We study two types of firrns, an internal firm, the objective of which is to maximize the system＇s （including the f＇nan and all the customers） total net value, and a commercial firm, which aims to optimize its own profit. Though impatience factors are customers＇ private information, for each type of firm, we derive the optimal incentive compatible pricing policy, under which all the coming customers will follow the firm＇s assignment, that is, patient customers will buy the service in high-value periods, but their waiting time will be longer, while impatient customers will enter into the low-value periods, but they will be compensated by shorter waiting times. Furthermore, in the internal firm, we also prove that this mechanism enables the decentralization of decisions, while maintaining centralized system-wide optimality. Numerical analysis shows that when there is sufficient capacity, the internal firm does not always need to set lower prices than the commercial firm in every period.

关键词： Delay cost queuing differential pricing information asymmetry incentive compatibility

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决策智能理论与方法研究

管理科学学报 2021年第8期24卷 18-25页

作者：曾大军李一军唐立新陈剑刘忠寇纲李建平田怀玉邓天虎熊熊张维梁嘉琦徐楠中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100049 哈尔滨工业大学经济与管理学院哈尔滨150001 东北大学智能工业数据解析与优化教育部重点实验室沈阳110819 清华大学经济管理学院北京100084 国防科技大学系统工程学院长沙410073 西南财经大学工商管理学院成都611130 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院北京100190 北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院北京100875 清华大学工业工程系北京100084 天津大学管理与经济学部天津300072

随着大数据应用的普及,特别是人工智能技术的突破,促使决策范式从信息化向智能化升级转型.以大数据解析和混合智能为核心技术支撑的决策智能,正处于萌芽阶段,已逐渐受到学术界、政府部门和产业界的重视,相关研究对实施科技强国战略具有... 详细信息

随着大数据应用的普及,特别是人工智能技术的突破,促使决策范式从信息化向智能化升级转型.以大数据解析和混合智能为核心技术支撑的决策智能,正处于萌芽阶段,已逐渐受到学术界、政府部门和产业界的重视,相关研究对实施科技强国战略具有重要意义.结合国家自然科学基金委管理科学部“十四五”规划相关领域的前期专家讨论意见,本文凝练出该领域五个值得深入探索的研究方向,并给出了每个方向的典型科学问题示例.

关键词：决策智能混合智能大数据解析

面向用户需求的区域能源互联网价值形态研究框架及应用分析

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电网技术 2020年第2期44卷 493-504页

作者：郭健曹军威杨洋陆超张东霞刘敦楠华昊辰北京信息科学与技术国家研究中心(清华大学) 北京市海淀区100084 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系北京市海淀区100084 国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院河北省石家庄市050000 中国电力科学研究院有限公司北京市海淀区100192 华北电力大学经济与管理学院北京市昌平区102206

以用户能源需求类型为导向,自底向上构建区域能源需求结构。首先,按照普惠用能、成本敏感性、质量敏感性、激励响应性和政策保障驱动性对用户用能行为进行了分类分析。根据供应价值链理论,从价值要素分析、价值载体设计、价值实现机制... 详细信息

以用户能源需求类型为导向,自底向上构建区域能源需求结构。首先,按照普惠用能、成本敏感性、质量敏感性、激励响应性和政策保障驱动性对用户用能行为进行了分类分析。根据供应价值链理论,从价值要素分析、价值载体设计、价值实现机制三方面构建了区域能源互联网价值形态研究框架,分析提炼涉及区域能源互联网价值形态研究的科学理论问题及关键技术。最后借鉴系统性思维方法论,建立"阶段-属性-价值"三维评价体系,在泛在连接、互动融合、智能化服务等不同发展阶段讨论了区域能源互联网价值应用场景,为能源云基础设施建设与连通提供理论指导。

关键词：用户需求区域能源互联网价值形态能源云

国家科技创业政策协调性研究——基于政策工具视角

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科学管理研究 2021年第1期39卷 2-10页

作者：李鹏利张宝建刘晓彤陈劲裴梦丹山西财经大学工商管理学院山西太原030006 山西财经大学管理科学与工程学院山西太原030006 清华大学技术创新研究中心北京100084 清华大学经济管理学院北京100084

科技创业政策是科技型创业企业开展创业活动和实现创新发展的重要支撑。鉴于当前学界对国家科技创业政策的总体性和系统性把握不足,以及由此带来的政策效力分析的局限,采用政策文本内容分析法从政策非均衡性、冗余性、缺失性、矛盾性和... 详细信息

科技创业政策是科技型创业企业开展创业活动和实现创新发展的重要支撑。鉴于当前学界对国家科技创业政策的总体性和系统性把握不足,以及由此带来的政策效力分析的局限,采用政策文本内容分析法从政策非均衡性、冗余性、缺失性、矛盾性和错位性等方面对我国2006~2020年间国家层面发布的科技创业政策进行了系统梳理。研究发现供给型、需求型和环境型三类政策工具的使用均存在非均衡性;供给型和环境型政策工具的使用存在过溢现象,而需求型政策工具则存在缺失现象;央—地政府政策存在错位性且部分政策内容呈现矛盾性。结论能够补充国家科技创业政策的相关理论研究,并为科技创业主体的双创实践提供制度参考。

关键词：科技创业政策协调性政策工具

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供应链韧性与安全中的关键科学问题

中国科学基金 2023年第3期37卷 418-428页

作者：洪流赵晓波汪寿阳霍红章魏宋洁肖勇波李健复旦大学管理学院/大数据学院上海200433 清华大学工业工程系北京100084 中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院北京100190 国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部北京100085 北京大学工学院/大数据分析与应用技术国家工程实验室北京100871 清华大学经济管理学院北京100084 北京工业大学经济与管理学院北京100124

如何提升供应链的韧性与安全,是政府部门、工业界和学术界共同关心的话题。基于第3.6期“双清论坛”,本文从复杂供应链网络建模与风险传播机理,全球供应链竞争、合作与协调机制,供应链安全策略、韧性提升与动态风险管理三个层面梳理了... 详细信息

如何提升供应链的韧性与安全,是政府部门、工业界和学术界共同关心的话题。基于第3.6期“双清论坛”,本文从复杂供应链网络建模与风险传播机理,全球供应链竞争、合作与协调机制,供应链安全策略、韧性提升与动态风险管理三个层面梳理了供应链韧性与安全的相关概念以及国内外的研究现状,提出发展趋势和方向,凝炼了该领域未来5~10年的重大关键科学问题,探讨了前沿研究方向和科学基金资助战略。

关键词：供应链韧性与安全风险管理应急管理运营优化数字化时代

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雄安新区：如何建成生态与创新之都

地理研究 2018年第5期37卷 849-869页

作者：葛全胜董晓峰毛其智张文忠杜龙江张伟何春阳吴殿廷吕拉昌陈明星孙进柱孙斌栋赵鹏军潘竟虎彭建强海洋中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 北京交通大学城市规划设计研究院建艺学院北京100044 清华大学建筑学、人居环境研究中心北京100084 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室北京100038 中国水利水电科学研究院北京100038 北京城市系统工程研究中心北京100035 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部北京100875 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院管理学院北京100037 河北保定市地方志办公室保定071051 教育部人文社科重点研究基地——华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心上海200062 华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院上海200062 北京大学城市与环境学院北京100871 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院兰州730070 中国国土资源经济研究院北京101149

建设雄安新区,是千年大计、国家大事。为落实中央决策,我们突出强调将雄安建设成为生态与创新之都。来自地理学及人居环境科学领域的16位专家,以笔谈方式,对此开展了深入讨论。认为雄安新区的发展,应该坚持和秉承以下观念。一是宜居安全... 详细信息

建设雄安新区,是千年大计、国家大事。为落实中央决策,我们突出强调将雄安建设成为生态与创新之都。来自地理学及人居环境科学领域的16位专家,以笔谈方式,对此开展了深入讨论。认为雄安新区的发展,应该坚持和秉承以下观念。一是宜居安全观,需要优化调控区域资源环境承载力,突出安全第一,切实防范洪涝灾害、环境污染等风险,以创建宜居宜业宜游的城市为目标,走全面宜居城市之路。二是生态城市观,应积极采用低碳生态技术,有机组织城市区域生态系统与空间布局,建设绿色基础设施系统,保证城市生态系统良性循环,走系统化的生态城市之路。三是创新核心观,应该以科技文化为灵魂,推进科技创新、文化创新与管理创新等全面创新,突出科技创新核心,建设新一代可持续发展的科技创新之都。四是区域统筹观,应从流域视角、区域一体化视角,统筹新区建设,注重区域协作,共享共生,互动互补,带动区域转型新型发展,走区域深度协同发展之路。五是文化城市观,重视历史文化保护与城市文化艺术发展,倡导文化包容与和谐,探索中华人文生态特色新型城市风貌,走文化特色城市发展之路。六是综合品质观,强调城市生态经济社会全面高水平发展,突出全面高质量与高标准发展理念,建立国际领先的质量标准体系与规范体系,发展智慧城市,全面加强综合质量监测评价与督察,结合文化品质追求,配套先进的社会公共设施与保障系统,走综合高品质发展之路。七是典型示范观,努力将雄安新区打造成生态创新的城市示范区和新型城市化的样板城市,促进京津冀建设生态与创新型世界城市群。

关键词：雄安新区生态城市创新城市可持续发展