AIM: To assess presence and severity of associative stigma in family members of psychotic patients and factors for higher associative ***: Standardized semi-structured interview of 150 family members of psychotic pati...
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AIM: To assess presence and severity of associative stigma in family members of psychotic patients and factors for higher associative ***: Standardized semi-structured interview of 150 family members of psychotic patients receiving full time treatment. This study on associative stigma in family members of psychotic patients was part of a larger research program on the burden of the family, using "Interview for the Burden of the Family" and the chapters stigma, treatment and attribution from the "Family interview Schedule". The respondents were relatives, one per patient, either partner or parent. The patients had been diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder. All contacts with patients and relatives were in Dutch. Relatives were deemed suitable to participate in this research if they saw the patient at least once a week. Recruitment took place in a standardized way: after obtaining the patient's consent, the relatives were approached to participate. The results were analyzed using SPSS Version 18.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of associative stigma in this sample is 86%. Feelings of depression in the majority of family members are prominent. Twenty-one point three percent experienced guilt more or less frequent, while shame was less pronounced. Also, 18.6% of allrespondents indicated that they tried to hide the illness of their family member for others regularly or more. Three six point seven percent really kept secret about it in certain circumstances and 29.3% made efforts to explain what the situation or psychiatric condition of their family member really is like. Factors with marked significance towards higher associative stigma are a worsened relationship between the patient and the family member, conduct problems to family members, the patients' residence in a residential care setting, and hereditary attributional factors like genetic hereditability and character. The level of associative stigma has significantly been predicted by the b
A study was conducted to describe the progression of bud dormancy in 1-year-old apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) shoots grown at two contrasting climatic conditions (Belgium, temperate and Ethiopia, tropics). The expe...
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A study was conducted to describe the progression of bud dormancy in 1-year-old apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) shoots grown at two contrasting climatic conditions (Belgium, temperate and Ethiopia, tropics). The experiment was carried out on "Golden" and "Gala" cultivars for two consecutive years (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Moreover, a validation experiment was conducted on "MM106" apple rootstock during 2010/2011 only in Ethiopia. Variations in inverse of time to 50% budburst were interpreted in terms of evolution of growth capacity of the buds. Despite differences observed with chilling accumulation later in winter or early in spring, depending on environments, depth of endodormancy intensity during winter can be summarized as follows: buds from pruned shoots were less endodormant than terminal buds of the intact shoots and terminal buds were more endodormant than the dormancy intensity of upper buds of the disbudded shoots, suggesting proximal buds can grow more readily than does terminal ones. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a considerably strong paradormancy inhibition by distal shoot parts and buds, which was more pronounced in Ethiopia than in Belgium, highlighting the importance of designing and applying appropriate pruning and dormancy avoidance strategies in mild-winter climates. Finally, as still there is knowledge gap on bud dormancy progression and its control mechanism especially under mild climates, our study highlights the need for further in-depth research using biological and biochemical tests.
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