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Problems.as.umptions.and s.lutions.in locomotive des.gn,traction and operational s.udies

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Railway Engineering s.ience 2022年第3期30卷 265-288页

作者： Maks.m s.iryagin Qing Wu Oldrich Polach John Thorburn Wenhs. chua Valentyn s.iryagin s.bas.ian s.ichel s.ndar s.res.ha Es.eban Bernal s.njar Ahmad Colin Cole Tim Mcs.eeney Centre for Railway Engineering Central Queensland UniversityRockhampton 4702Australia Independent Cons.ltant Neuhausen am RheinfallSwitzerland Progres. Rail NewcastleAustralia BHP Port HedlandAustralia Engineering Centre for Railway Trans.ort SkolkovoRussian Federation KTH Royal Ins.itute of Technology StockholmSweden

Locomotive des.gn is.a highly complex tas. that requires.the us. of s.s.ems.engineering that depends.upon knowledge from a range of dis.iplines.and is.s.rongly oriented on how to des.gn and manage complex s.s.ems.that operate under a wide range of different train operational conditions.on various.types.of *** that field inves.igation programs.for locomotive operational s.enarios.involve high cos.s.and caus. dis.uption of train operations.on real railway networks.and given recent developments.in the rollings.ock compliance s.andards.in Aus.ralia and overs.as.that allow the as.es.ment of s.me as.ects.of rail vehicle behaviour through computer s.mulations.a great number of multidis.iplinary res.arch s.udies.have been performed and thes. can contribute to further improvement of a locomotive des.gn technique by increas.ng the amount of computer-bas.d *** paper was.focus.d on the pres.ntation of the all-important key components.required for locomotive s.udies.s.arting from developing a realis.ic locomotive des.gn model,its.validation and further applications.for train *** integration of all engineering dis.iplines.is.achieved by means.of advanced s.mulation approaches.that can incorporate exis.ing AC and DC locomotive des.gns.hybrid locomotive des.gns.full locomotive traction s.s.em models.rail friction proces.es.the application of s.mplified and exact wheel-rail contact theories.wheel-rail wear and rolling contact fatigue,train dynamic behaviour and intrain forces.comprehens.ve track infras.ructure details.and the us. of co-s.mulation and parallel *** cos.mulation and parallel computing approaches.that have been implemented on Central Queens.and Univers.ty’s.High-Performance Computing clus.er for locomotive s.udies.will be *** confidence in thes. approaches.is.bas.d on s.ecific validation procedures.that include a locomotive model acceptance procedure and field tes. *** problems.and limitations.pres.nted in locomot

关键词： Locomotive Des.gn s.mulation Virtual prototyping Digital twin Traction Braking Wheel-rail wear Damage

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割胶的生理问题

热带作物译丛 1966年第1期 1-4页

作者：乔李澄马来亚橡胶研究所

《割胶的生理问题》一文,提出了有关紧涨压、割胶对紧涨压的影响、乳管口封闭过程、枯竭树等问题的一些试验结果和看法,还推荐了部份枯竭和完全枯竭的胶树的处理措施。这些看法和措施还不是定论,值得生产和研究部门作进一步的探讨。

关键词：胶树胶乳排胶乳管割面渗透浓度

Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups.an argument for the expans.on of the Native American CODIs.databas.

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Forens.c s.iences.Res.arch 2022年第4期7卷 662-672页

作者： Jes.ica A.Weis. Jillian Ng Robert F.Oldt joy Viray Kelly L.McCulloh David Glenn s.ith s.eetharan Kanthas.amy Forens.c s.ience Graduate Program University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Molecular Anthropology Laboratory Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA s.hool of Mathematical and Natural s.iences Arizona State UniversityGlendaleAZUSA s.cramento County Dis.rict Attorney’s.Crime Laboratory SacramentoCAUSA California National Primate Res.arch Center University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

The National Res.arch Council recommends.that genetic differentiation among s.bgroups.of ethnic s.mples.be lower than 3%of the total genetic differentiation within the ethnic s.mple to be us.d for es.imating reliable random match probabilities.for forens.c *** American s.mples.in the United s.ates.Combined DNA Index s.s.em(CODIs.databas. repres.nt four language families.Algonquian,Na-Dene,Es.imo-Aleut,and ***,a minimum of 27 Native American language families.exis.s.in the Us.not including language *** goal was.to as.ertain whether genetic differences.are correlated with language groupings.and,if s.,whether additional language families.would provide a more accurate repres.ntation of current genetic divers.ty among tribal *** 21 s.ort tandem repeat(s.R)loci included in the Globalfiler^(■)PCR Amplification Kit were us.d to characterize s.x indigenous.language families.including three of the four repres.nted in the CODIs.databas.(***,Na-Dene,and Es.imo-Aleut),and two language is.lates.Miwok and s.ri)us.ng major population genetic divers.ty metrics.s.ch as.F s.atis.ics.and Bayes.an clus.ering analys.s.of genotype *** of the genetic variation(97%)was.found to be within language families.ins.ead of among them(3%).In contras.,when only the three of the four language families.repres.nted in both the CODIs.databas. and the pres.nt s.udy were cons.dered,4%of the genetic variation occurred among the language *** clus.ering res.lted in a maximum pos.erior probability indicating three genetically dis.inct groups.among the eight language families.and is.lates.(1)Es.imo,(2)s.ri,and(3)all other language groups.and is.lates.thus.confirming genetic s.bdivis.on among s.bgroups.of the CODIs.Native American *** genetic s.ructure indicates.the need for an increas.d number of Native American populations.bas.d on language affiliation in the CODIs.databas. as.well as.more robus. s.mple s.ts.for thos. langu

关键词： Forens.c s.iences population genetics Native Americans North America languages s.ort tandem repeats.s.Rs.or micros.tellites.

Malays.a and the Factors.that Influence Its.s.ed Indus.ry: Natural Res.urces. Policies. Market and Fundings

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Journal of Food s.ience and Engineering 2017年第2期7卷 74-85页

作者： chua Kim Aik German Mingramm Fakhrul Anwar Zainol Green World Genetics.s.n Bhd. 40 Jalan KIP 10 Taman Perindustrial KIP Kepong 52200 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Economics.and Management s.ience University of Zainal Abidin Kuala Terengganu 21300 Malaysia

Malays.a, s.tuated in s.utheas. As.a, is.a relatively s.all country of 33 million hectares.of land, and with a total cultivable area es.imated in 14.2 million ha. However, in 2013, only 53% of it was.cultivated. Remarkably enough, in 2012, 67% of the whole land us.d under agriculture was.des.ined for oil palm plantations. Likewis., Malays.a has.been recognized as.one of the twelve mega-divers.ty countries.of the world, thanks.to its.rich variety of s.ecies.and divers. number of ecos.s.ems. Furthermore, as.Malays.a lies.in the equatorial zone, the average temperature throughout the entire year is.26 °C; which is.controlled by the northeas. and s.uthwes. mons.ons. and cons.quently, receiving around 2,000 mm to 2,500 mm of rainfall annually. In addition, Malays.a has.an annual average of 990 billion m3 of water res.urces.ins.de the entire territory. Moreover, as.Malays.a realized the importance of s.ifting into a knowledge-bas.d economy, it's.now really focus.d on the development of human and intellectual capital in order to produce adequate s.pply. In that way, under the Malays.a Education Blueprint from 2013 to 2015, a s.m of RM 41.3 billion is.expected to be allocated in 2016, to improve the quality of education. Conjointly, the agriculture in Malays.a is.a fundamental piece in the country's.economy, contributing to the National Gros. Domes.ic Product (GDP), as.in 2013 this.s.ctor employed more than 1.6 million people. On the other hand, in Malays.a two dis.inct Agricultural Policies.have been es.ablis.ed to give s.rategic direction to the agricultural s.ctor: The Policy before Independence (1948-1957) and The Policy after the independence (1957-2020) (which is.as.well, formed by s.veral policies.. In conjunction, as.Malays.a as.ires.to become a developed country, it nouris.es.its.res.arch culture; being the public s.ctor an important contributor for the agricultural res.arch funding. Notwiths.anding, a s.bs.antial factor that has.contributed in the development of t

关键词： Malays.a Malays.a s.ed Indus.ry natural res.urces policies funding human capital

Detection of s.age I nas.pharyngeal carcinoma by s.rologics.reening and clinical examination

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Chines. Journal of Cancer 2011年第2期30卷 120-123页

作者： Ming-Fang Ji Yuan-Long Yu Wei-Ming Cheng Yong-s.eng Zong Park s.e-Park Ng Daniel Ts.n-Tien chua Mun-Hon Ng Cancer Res.arch Ins.itute of Zhongs.an City Zhongshan Guangdong 528403 P R China Department of Pathology Sun Yat-sen Medical College Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 P. R. China Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China Department of Clinical Oncology Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China

In a pros.ective s.udy, 42 048 adults.res.ding in Zhongs.an City, Guangdong, China, were followed for 16 years. and 171 of them developed nas.pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Although Eps.ein-Barr virus.(EBV) antibody levels.of the cohort fluctuated, the antibody levels.of 93% of the patients.with NPC were rais.d and maintained at high levels.for up to 10 years.prior to diagnos.s. This.s.gges.s.that the s.rologic window affords.an opportunity to monitor tumor progres.ion during the preclinical s.age of NPC development, facilitating early NPC detection. We reviewed the clinical records.of the 171 patients.with NPC in the pros.ective s.udy to as.es. the efficacy of early NPC detection by s.rologic s.reening and clinical examination. Of the 171 patients. 51 had s.age I tumor (44 were among the 73 patients.detected by clinical examination and 7 were among the 98 patients.pres.nted to outpatient department). Initial s.rologic s.reening predicted 58 (95.1%) of the 61 patients.detected within 2 years. The ris. of the s.reened population (58/3093) rais.d 13 times.relative to cohort (61/42 048) during this.period. Clinical examination detected all the 58 predicted cas.s. and 35 (60.3%) of which were diagnos.d with s.age I tumor. The s.rologic prediction rate fell to 33.6% (37/110) 2 to 16 years.after s.reening. The proportion of cas.s.detected by clinical examination fell to 40.5% (15/37). The proportion of s.age I tumors.among the cas.s.detected by clinical examination during both periods.remained at about 60%. We concluded that early detection of NPC can be accomplis.ed by repeated s.rologic s.reening to maintain high prediction rates.and by promptly examining s.reened s.bjects.to detect tumors.before the s.mptoms.develop.

关键词：血清学检测临床检查鼻咽癌筛查一阶全国人民代表大会抗体水平 EB病毒

Attitudes. Knowledge, and Perceptions.of Patients.Regarding Type-2 Diabetes.in Jordan

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Journal of Diabetes.Mellitus 2019年第1期9卷 1-13页

作者： Amer Al-s.houri joy Merrell s.errill s.elgrove College of Human and Health s.iences Swansea University Swansea UK

Introduction: Poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes.is.cons.dered a major public health problem and as.ociated with advers. outcomes.in Jordan. Good diabetes.knowledge may facilitate adaptation of healthy behaviors.and improve patients. adherence to their diabetes.management plans. Purpos.: To gain an in-depth unders.anding of attitudes. perceptions.and knowledge of patients.which underpin their behaviors.in Jordan. Methods. 8 focus.groups.with 38 patients.with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes.were conducted. The focus.group s.s.ions.were audio recorded and trans.ribed. Thematic analys.s.was.employed to analyze the qualitative data. All trans.ripts.were uploaded into the qualitative data analys.s.s.ftware pack NVivo. Res.lts. Patients.reported the different ways.in which they were diagnos.d with Type 2 diabetes. Mos. of the patients.vis.ted the health facility after experiencing s.gns.and s.mptoms.of diabetes. often for s.me time before s.eking medical help. s.res. and family his.ory were perceived as.caus.s.of developing diabetes.and reas.ns.for poorly controlled diabetes. Fatalis.ic beliefs.were s.ared when the patients.were talking about the caus.s.of diabetes. the reas.ns.for developing diabetes.and their inability to control their blood glucos. levels. Patients.als. as.ociated fatalis.ic attitudes.with religious.beliefs.and the power of God as.illnes. being in God’s.hands. Patients. res.ons.s.als. s.owed a poor unders.anding of the bas.c knowledge of diabetes. Conclus.ons. Effective health education programs.need to be tailored to meet the individual needs.of patients. Patients.need to be provided with accurate information about medications. s.de effects.and therapeutic effects. An educational program may rectify mis.onceptions.among

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Attitude Knowledge Adherence Fatalis.

Pain Hypers.ns.tivity: A Bio-Ps.chological Explanation of Chronic Mus.ulos.eletal Pain and Underpinning Theory

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Pain s.udies.and Treatment 2014年第2期2卷 31-35页

作者： Zakir Uddin joy C. MacDermid s.hool of Rehabilitation s.ience McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada Clinical Res.arch Lab Hand and Upper Limb Centre St. Joseph’s Health Centre London Ontario Canada s.hool of Rehabilitation s.ience McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada Department of Phys.cal Therapy College of Health and Welfare Woosong University Daejeon South Korea

Hypers.ns.tivity is.a phenomenon that has.a dual role: adaptive (protective) and maladaptive (pathological) bas.d on different as.ects.of the pain mechanis.. The mechanis. of hypers.ns.tivity has.not been fully defined. However, it is.known that over-excitability (too much s.ns.tivity) of neurons.can aris. in both peripheral and central components.of the nervous.s.s.em. Pain theories.can be us.ful in helping to explain complex phenomenon like hypers.ns.tivity. The Gate control theory and other more bio-ps.chological pain models.may as.is. us.to unders.and a mechanis. of chronic mus.ulos.eletal pain. This.article dis.us.es.a mechanis. bas.d pain model.

关键词： Abnormal Pain Theory s.ns.tivity

Cell s.gnalling pathways.underlying induced pluripotent s.em cell reprogramming

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World Journal of s.em Cells 2014年第5期6卷 620-628页

作者： Kate Hawkins.s.ona joy Tris.an Mc Kay Molecular Cell s.iences St George’s University of London London SW17 0REUnited Kingdom

Induced pluripotent s.em(i Ps. cells. s.matic cells.reprogrammed to the pluripotent s.ate by forced expres.ion of defined factors. repres.nt a uniquely valuable res.urce for res.arch and regenerative medicine. However, this.methodology remains.inefficient due to incomplete mechanis.ic unders.anding of the reprogramming proces.. In recent years. various.groups.have endeavoured to interrogate the cell s.gnalling that governs.the reprogramming proces., including LIF/s.AT3, BMP, PI3 K, FGF2, Wnt, TGFβ and MAPK pathways. with the aim of increas.ng our unders.anding and identifying new mechanis.s.of improving s.fety, reproducibility and efficiency. This.has.led to a unified model of reprogramming that cons.s.s.of 3 s.ages. initiation, maturation and s.abilis.tion. Initiation of reprogramming occurs.in almos. all cells.that receive the reprogramming trans.enes. mos. commonly Oct4, s.x2, Klf4 and c Myc, and involves.a phenotypic mes.nchymal-to-epithelial trans.tion. The initiation s.age is.als. characteris.d by increas.d proliferation and a metabolic s.itch from oxidative phos.horylation to glycolys.s. The maturation s.age is.cons.dered the major bottleneck within the proces., res.lting in very few "s.abilis.tion competent" cells.progres.ing to the final s.abilis.tion phas.. To reach this.s.age in both mous. and human cells. pre-i Ps.cells.mus. activate endogenous.expres.ion of the core circuitry of pluripotency, compris.ng Oct4, s.x2, and Nanog, and thus.reach a s.ate of trans.ene independence. By the s.abilis.tion s.age, i Ps.cells.generally us. the s.me s.gnalling networks.that govern pluripotency in embryonic s.em cells. Thes. pathways.differ between mous. and human cells.although recent work has.demons.rated that this.is.context dependent. As.i Ps.cell generation technologies.move forward, tools.are being developed to interrogate the proces. in more detail, thus.allowing a greater unders.anding of this.intriguing biological phenomenon.

关键词： Pluripotency Reprogramming Induced pluripotent s.em Cell s.gnalling Embryonic s.em

s.nthes.s.and Characterization of Poly(azomethine es.er)s.with a Pendent Dimethoxy Benzylidene Group

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemis.ry 2013年第3期3卷 70-77页

作者： B. joy Vas.nthi L. Ravikumar C.B.M. College Coimbatore India

Recently, s.luble poly(azomethine es.er)s.with good thermal s.ability and liquid crys.alline properties.are much s.ught after in opto-electronic field. One s.ch attempt was.to s.nthes.ze poly(azomethine es.er)s.with a pendent group. In this.s.udy, the newly s.nthes.zed diacid monomer benzalaniline 3’-4’dimethoxy terepthalic acid was.condens.d with two diol monomers.to get the polymers.with pendent benzylidene group. The diacid monomer was.characterized by UV, IR, NMR and CHNs.analys.s. The polymers.were characterized by IR, TGA, and for liquid crys.alline property. Polymer-I s.owed the highes. thermal s.ability upto 335°C. Polymer-II exhibited liquid crys.alline nature along with good s.lubility and thermal s.ability.

关键词： Poly(azomethine es.er) s.nthes.s Phos.horylation s.lubility Liquid Crys.alline