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Physiological and Growth Responses of c_3 and c_4 Plants to Reduced Temperature When Grown at Low cO_2 of the Last Ice Age

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1388-1395页

作者： joy K.Ward David A.Myers Richard B.Thomas Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Department of Biology West Virginia University

During the last ice age, cO2 concentration （[cO2]） was 180-200 umol/mol compared with the modern value of 380 umol/mol, and global temperatures were -8 ℃ cooler. Relatively little is known about the responses of c3 and c4 species to longterm exposure to glacial conditions. Here Abutilon theophrasti Medik. （c3） and Amaranthus retroflexus L. （c4） were grown at 200 umol/mol cO2 with current （30/24℃） and glacial （22/16℃） temperatures for 22d. Overall, the c4 species exhibited a large growth advantage over the c3 species at low [cO2]. However, this advantage was reduced at low temperature, where the c4 species produced 5x the total mass of the c3 species versus 14x at the high temperature. This difference was due to a reduction in c4 growth at low temperature, since the c3 species exhibited similar growth between temperatures. Physiological differences between temperatures were not detected for either species, although photorespiration/net photosynthesis was reduced in the c3 species grown at low temperature, suggesting evidence of improved carbon balance at this treatment. This system suggests that c4 species had a growth advantage over c3 species during low [cO2] of the last ice age, although concurrent reductions in temperatures may have reduced this advantage.

关键词： Abutilon theophrasti Amaranthus retroflexus c3 species c4 species climate change low cO2 low temperature photorespiration Pleistocene.

changes in Lipid Profiles and ^(32)P-Uptake Into Phosphoprotein (Vitellogenin) content of the Ovary and Liver in the Female catfish, clarias batrachus,Exposed to Mercury

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1995年第1期8卷 35-44页

作者： R.KIRUBAGARN K.P.joy centreofAdvancedStudyinZoology BanarasHinduUniversityVaranasi－221005India centreofAdvancedStudyinZo

Toxic effects of selected sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride (Hgcl2, 0.05 mg ·L-1), methylmercuric chloride (cH3Hgcl, 0.04 mg·L-1) and Emisan 6 (an organic mcrcurial fungicide, 0.5 mg·L-1) on levels of lipids (total lipids-TL, phospholipids-PL, free cholesterol-Fc; esterified cholesterol-Ec and free fatty acids-FFA), and uptake of 32P into phosphoprotein fraction of the ovary and liver are reported in clarias batrachus exposed for 45, 90 and 180 days from February to July (preparatory to spawning phase of the annual reproductive cycle). The TL level decreased significantly only in the ovary of 180-day Hg groups. The ovarian PL and Fc levels showed a significant reduction at all durations of Hg exposure. In contrast, the hepatic PL and Fc levels increased significantly at all durations except the PL content in the 45-day Emisan 6 and cH3Hgcl groups. The Ec level in the ovary showed a significant decline after both 90 and 180 days of Hg treatment whereas in the liver, it decreased significantly only after 180 days. The level of FFA in the ovary decreased significantly only in the 180-day Hgcl2 group while in the liver, it showed a significant increase in all the 180-day Hg groups. The rate and level of incorporation of 32P into phosphoprotein fraction of the ovary and liver showed a progressive decline in the Hg-treated groups, the effect being significantly different only after 90 and 180 days. The results suggest that the decrease in ovarian lipid levels is lareely due to their immobilization from the liver and the reduction in vitellogenin content may be due to both the inhibition of its synthesis in the liver and subsequent incorporation into the ovary.

关键词： Vitellogenin content of the Ovary and Liver in the Female catfish Hg In clarias batrachus,Exposed to Mercury changes in Lipid Profiles and

The biological stress of early weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 124-127页

作者： joy M campbell Joe D crenshaw Javier Polo APc Inc. 2425 SE Oak Tree CourtAnkenyIA USA

Pigs experience biological stress such as physiological, environmental, and social challenges when weaned from the sow. The process of weaning is one of the most stressful events in the pig＇s life that can contribute to intestinal and immune system dysfunctions that result in reduced pig health, growth, and feed intake, particularly during the first week after weaning. Technological improvements in housing, nutrition, health, and management have been used to minimize some of the adverse effects of weaning stress, but a greater understanding of the biological impact of stress is needed to improve strategies to overcome weaning stress. The focus of this review paper is to briefly describe how the biological stress associated with weaning impacts intestinal morphology, structure, physiology, and intestinal immune responses that can impact subsequent production efficiencies such as growth, intake, morbidity, and mortality.

关键词： Biological stress Intestine Pig Weaning

An Examination of Health care Utilization Amongst citizens with Bone Disease in Rural china

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An Examination of Health Care Utilization Amongst Citizens w...

作者： Danielle joy Voorhies 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

This research was conducted in Huaibin county and Shanghai using grounded theory *** qualitative data was collected via interviews with doctors and *** main research aim was to determine what the non-economic reasons are for chinese rural bone disease patients’ choice of place to receive medical services especially in relation to public health care policies in order to ensure better access to health *** a county level,it was found that there are no significant non-economic reasons for urban citizens to not seek out health *** a township level,many of the patients sought out care due to knowing the hospital is better equipped than village clinics and *** a village level,childcare,farm work,and lack of knowledge about health care policies are the major reasons patients refuse to seek out care for more advanced illness.

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Barriers to Parental Involvement in Their children’s Education in the Bahamas

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Barriers to Parental Involvement in Their Children’s Educat...

作者： joy Ann Rolle 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本研究关注的是巴哈马联邦父母参与孩子教育这一重要的社会问题。研究的着眼点在于获得阻碍父母参与孩子教育的一些信息。此外该研究还试图找出决定父母和教师对父母参与孩子教育重要性的认识的因素,并且还期望获得对阻碍父母参与孩子... 详细信息

本研究关注的是巴哈马联邦父母参与孩子教育这一重要的社会问题。研究的着眼点在于获得阻碍父母参与孩子教育的一些信息。此外该研究还试图找出决定父母和教师对父母参与孩子教育重要性的认识的因素,并且还期望获得对阻碍父母参与孩子教育的诸因素和它们怎样对孩子产生影响的理解。本文做了文化资本和父母教育参与间联系的调查。调查中运用了定量和定性相结合的研究设计方法。调查数据的收集采用了结构访谈和问卷调查的方法,通过对这些数据的分析来更加清晰的认识这些阻碍因素。该研究调查的群体主要是孩子在公立学校机构上学的父母群体。此外,在公立学校任职的校长和教师也参与到了此项研究中。研究结果表明,父母的工作束缚和时间制约是决定父母不能积极参与孩子教育的诸多阻碍因素中最重要的决定因素。研究还发现,父母和教师关于教育重要性的认识和这些阻碍因素对孩子的影响的认识是不相同的。调查结果表明一些父母缺乏学校文化资本,这些父母必须要受到相应的培训。参与到研究中的校长和教师认识到了父母参与的重要性,但是他们认为父母亲并没有履行他们作为父母所承担的角色和责任。尽管在巴哈马,和公立学校联合的教育主管部门实施了一系列的举措来鼓励父母参与孩子的教育,但是父母积极参与的比例还是在不断下降。本研究主要目的在于使巴哈马的父母亲对阻碍他们参与孩子教育的诸种因素有一个认识。父母参与度的增加将会对巴哈马教育系统内的全部动力产生积极的影响。

关键词：父母参与障碍教育教师父母

Temperature Insensitive Open Loop Attenuation control of a Liquid crystal Based VOA

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 -页

作者： J.J. Pan joy Jiang Lightwaves2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USALightwaves2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USA

A patent pending open-loop liquid crystal based variable optical attenuator is introduced. The temperature dependent performance is compensated through electric monitoring and adjustment utilizing liquid crystal's opt... 详细信息

关键词： Temperature Insensitive Open Loop Attenuation control of a Liquid crystal Based VOA as in it be of that for Figure

Trends of dengue infections in Malaysia,2000-2010

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第6期6卷 462-466页

作者： Md.Shahin Mia Rawshan Ara Begum A.c.Er Raja Datuk Zaharaton Raja Zainal Abidin joy Jacqueline Pereira Institute for Environment and Development Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKMBangiSelangor D.E.Malaysia Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKMBangiSelangor D.E.Malaysia School of Development and Environmental Studies Faculty of Social Science and Humanities Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600UKMBangiSelangor D.E.Malaysia

Objective:To analyze trends of dengue incidences and deaths in Malaysia from 2000 to 2010 as well as the predominant dengue virus serotypes during the last ***:We used the national data on annual reported cases,deaths,incidence rate,mortality rate,and case fatality rate of dengue fever(DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF) as well as dengue virus serotypes prevalent in Malaysia during the last ***/ regression lines were fitted to investigate the trend of dengue incidences and deaths due to the disease for a 11-year period(2000-2010).For the distribution of national incidence rate,mortality rate,and case fatality rate of DF and DHF, descriptive statistics using mean and 95%confidence intervals(c/) for means,and range were ***:The number of dengue cases and number of deaths have increased,on average, by 14%and 8%per year *** average annual incidence rate of DF per 100 000 populations was higher as compared to that of ***,the yearly mean mortality rate of DHF per 100 000 populations was greater than that of *** simultaneous circulation of all four dengue serotypes has been found in *** a particular dengue virus serotype predominates for at least two years before it becomes replaced by another ***: The dengue situation in Malaysia has worsened with an increasing number of reported oases and deaths during the last *** increasing trend of dengue highlights the need for a more systematic surveillance and reporting of the disease.

关键词： Dengue Dengue hemorrhagic fever Trend Malaysia

Destructive and non-destructive evaluation of concrete for optimum sand to aggregate volume ratio

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Frontiers of Structural and civil Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 1400-1414页

作者： Tarek Uddin MOHAMMED Aziz Hasan MAHMOOD Mohammad Zunaied-Bin-HARUN Jamil Ahmed joy MdAsif AHMED Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Islamic University of Technology(IUT)Organization of Islamic Cooperation(OIC)Board BazarGazipur 1704Bangladesh centre for Infrastructure Engineering and Safety School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Department of civil Engineering European University of BangladeshMirpurDhaka 1216Bangladesh

Aggregates are the biggest contributor to concrete volume and are a crucial parameter in dictating its mechanical *** such,a detailed experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of sand-toaggregate volume ratio(s/a)on the mechanical properties of concrete utilizing both destructive and non-destructive testing(employing UPV(ultrasonic pulse velocity)measurements).For investigation,standard cylindrical concrete samples were made with different s/a(0.36,0.40,0.44,0.48,0.52,and 0.56),cement content(340 and 450 kg/m^(3)),water-to-cement ratio(0.45 and 0.50),and maximum aggregate size(12 and 19 mm).The effect of these design parameters on the 7,14,and 28 d compressive strength,tensile strength,elastic modulus,and UPV of concrete were *** careful analysis demonstrates that aggregate proportions and size need to be optimized for formulating mix designs;optimum ratios of s/a were found to be 0.40 and 0.44 for the maximum aggregate size of 12 and 19 mm,respectively,irrespective of the W/c(water-to-cement)and cement content.

关键词： aggregates non-destructive testing sand-to-aggregate volume ratio(s/a) maximum aggregate size(MAS)