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Perimeters of Protection Demarcation for New Boreholes of Bonoua Aquifer (Southeastern, Côte d’Ivoire) through Hydrogeological Modeling

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第11期5卷 118-138页

作者： Kouamé Kan jean Aké Gabriel Etienne Koblan Armel Kouadio Djé Kouakou Bernard jourda jean patrice Water and Environment Sciences and Technical Laboratory (LSTEE) UFR of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Climatology and Meteorological Applications National Meteorological Direction Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Located in the southeastern of Côte d’Ivoire, Bonoua aquifer contains an enormous groundwater potential. The new boreholes have been realized in this region to support the water supply of the populations. Moreover, in this region, agriculture is the main activity, whose pesticides used to guarantee the productivity, constitute a threat for groundwater. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to design a hydrogeological model able to simulate the piezometry of the Bonoua aquifer and determine the perimeters of protection for the new boreholes. The model, carried out under the Visual Modflow interface, was designed in steady-state mode and calibrated manually from the piezometry of the year 2000. The value of the standardized root mean squared residual of 4.86% (<10%) allows to say that the calibration obtained is considered satisfactory. Also, the correlation coefficient between observed and simulated heads of 0.95 permits to confirm a good calibration of the model. Perimeters of protection values were determined by simulating the paths of the virtual particles of water from the calibrated model. The simulations show that generally, the groundwater of Bonoua aquifer flows from north to south and the piezometric levels obtained vary between 65 m in the north and 5 m in the south. Upstream radius of the closed perimeters of protection calculated from the model varies from 172 to 482 m. However, those of distant perimeters of protection vary from 2877 to 6441 m.

关键词： Boreholes Hydrogeological Modeling Perimeters of Protection Visual Modflow Bonoua Aquifer

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Epidemiological and Computed Tomography Aspects of Facial Trauma at Kira Hospital in Bujumbura

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 83-91页

作者： Sébastien Manirakiza jean Marie Banziriyubusa Stany Harakandi patrice Barasukana Chantal Murekatete Daniel Nduwayo jean Bosco Bizimana Léopold Nzisabira Department of Radiology Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology) Teaching Hospita lof Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi

Background: Maxillofacial trauma affects young adults more. The injury assessment is difficult to establish in low-income countries because of the imaging means, particularly the scanner, which is poorly available and less financially accessible. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile and the various tomodensitometric aspects of traumatic lesions of the face in patients received in the Radiology department of Kira Hospital. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study involving 104 patients of all ages over a period of 2 years from December 2018 to November 2019 in the medical imaging department of KIRA HOSPITAL. We included in our study any patient having undergone a CT scan of the head and presenting at least one lesion of the facial mass, whether associated with other cranioencephalic lesions. Results: Among the 384 patients received for head trauma, 104 patients (27.1% of cases) presented facial damage. The average age of our patients was 32.02 years with extremes of 8 months and 79 years. In our study, 87 of the patients (83.6%) were male. The road accident was the circumstance in which facial trauma occurred in 79 patients (76% of cases). These injuries were accompanied by at least one bone fracture in 97 patients (93.3%). Patients with fractures of more than 3 facial bones accounted for 40.2% of cases and those with fractures of 2 to 3 bones accounted for 44.6% of cases. The midface was the site of the fracture in 85 patients (87.6% of cases). Orbital wall fractures were noted in 57 patients (58.8% of cases) and the jawbone was the site of a fracture in 50 patients (51.5% of cases). In the vault, the fractures involved the extra-facial frontal bone (36.1% of cases) and temporal bone (18.6% of cases). Cerebral contusion was noted in 41.2% of patients and pneumoencephaly in 15.5% of patients. Extradural hematoma was present in 16 patients and subdural hematoma affected 13 patients. Conclusion: Computed tomography is

关键词： Road Accident CT-Scan Facial Trauma

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Bithalamic Ischemic Stroke in Sickle Cell Patient at the Kamenge University Hospital in Burundi: Case Report

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第2期14卷 72-78页

作者： Sébastien Manirakiza Daniel Nduwayo patrice Barasukana Chantal Murekatete jean Bosco Bizimana Alice Ndayishimiye Léopold Nzisabira Hélène Bukuru Department of Radiology Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Department of Internal Medicine Neurology Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Department of Surgery Neurosurgery Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Department of Pediatrics Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

Aim: To describe the clinical and radiological diagnostic for a sickle cell patient who got a bithalamic vasculature accident. Observation: This was a 4-year-old female child admitted to the pediatric ward for convulsive seizures in a feverish context. The physical examination did not find signs of meningeal irritation. The effective workup including thick gout, lumbar puncture, complete blood count, and C reactive protein was normal. An electrocencephalogram was not performed due to lack of availability of the device. Based on clinical data and the fact that Burundi is an area of high malaria prevalence, antimalarial and anticonvulsant treatment has been started. An alteration of consciousness (the Glasgow score of 7) had motivated a CT scan. Bithalamic hypodensities in favor of a vascular accident have been demonstrated. Etiological investigation revealed homozygous sickle cell disease ss during hemoglobin electrophoresis. The final evolution has been characterized by a return to normal consciousness. Conclusion: The complexity of the clinical picture following occlusion of Percherons artery makes it difficult to diagnose. Sickle cell disease may favour the occurrence of ischaemic lesions. Cerebral imaging enables the diagnosis to be made with certainty and avoids delays in treatment.

关键词： Stroke Bithalamic Infarction Sickel Cell Percheron Artery

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Assessment of Sediment and Pollutants in Buyo Lake, Ivory Coast, Using SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） Model

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2013年第11期7卷 1054-1059页

作者： Tanoh jean-Jacques Koua jean patrice jourda Kan jean Kouame Kouao Armand Anoh Laboratory for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis Applied to Hydrogeology Fdlix Houphouet-Boigny University ofCocody-Abidjan Abidjan 22522 Ivory Coast Environment and Mechanical Engineering Department "'Vasile Alecsandri'" University of Bacau Bacau 600015 Romania

The changes in land use in the last 30 years in the territory of agro-forest watershed of Lake Buyo resulted in significant sediment into the lake. Sediments are a preferred means of transportation for certain pollutants, like phosphorus in excess. By mapping the source areas of erosion, the authors can determine the risk areas and help to prioritize interventions in the territory. This mapping is done using the SWAT （soil and water assessment tool） model. Several types of data, including topography, land use, soil and climate data are needed to run the model. In this paper, all different steps are presented, from the designing of HRU （hydrological response units）, basic units to run the SWAT model until the simulations. The establishment of HRU has three main stages： space discretization, land use and soil data integration and HRU distribution：（1） space discretization which consist in extracting the limits and the water network of the watershed from the DEM （digital elevation model） and in subdividing them into sub-basins; （2） land use and soil data integration： it consists in digitizing the physical maps of land use and of soils under Mapinfo 7.5 and in keeping them in ＂shape＂ format; （3） HRU distribution： it leads to subdivide the sub-watersheds in small units that combine a single soil type and one type of land use. It appears from this study to obtain 23 sub-watersheds and 71 HRU. Once the HRU designed, it is necessary to integrate climate data, data on physico-chemical characteristics of soils and agricultural practices, before starting the simulations. This will allow the model to assess the risk of sedimentation and eutrophication of the lake using the MUSLE （modified universal soil loss equation） and phosphorus cycle.

关键词： Erosion land use SWAT model phosphorus sediment.

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Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Sediment Fluxes of a Watershed in West Africa: Cas of the Aghien Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第1期12卷 18-30页

作者： Wa Kouakou Charles N’dri Séverin Pistre Kan jean Kouamé jean patrice jourda Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Water and Environment Felix Houphouet-Boigny University of Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratory HSM IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France

The semi-distributed SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) model was used in this study to model the sediment yield in the watershed of the Aghien lagoon with an area of 365 km2, located in the north of the district of Abidjan (South-East from C?te d’Ivoire). A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, as well as calibration of the SWAT model, was conducted using the Sequential Uncertainty Adjustment Procedure (SUFI-2) which is one of the programs interfaced with SWAT in the SWAT-Cup package (SWAT-Calibration-Uncertainty Programs). Five parameters of the SWAT model were found to be more sensitive to sediment fluxes. These have been modified (calibration) sparingly in order to improve the reproduction of observed sediments data. Two measures were used to assess the uncertainty analysis of the model: P-factor and R-factor. The R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficients of determination were used to assess the quality of the calibration. The P-factor obtained is 0.58 and the R-factor is 2.28. The NS and R2 coefficients in calibration over the period from June 2014 to January 2015 are 0.51 and 0.86 respectively. These values indicate correct consideration of uncertainties by the model and satisfactory calibration of the SWAT model for solid fluxes. Then, the model was used to simulate the sediment fluxes at the horizons 2040 (2035-2056), 2060 (2057-2078) and 2080 (2079-2100) in order to assess the impact of climate

关键词： Abidjan Aghien Calibration Climate Change Côte d’Ivoire Sediment SUFI-2 SWAT

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Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Cote d’Ivoire:Case of the Aghien Lagoon

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第7期7卷 74-91页

作者： Wa Kouakou Charles N’Dri Séverin Pistre jean patrice jourda Kan jean Kouamé Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Water and Environment Felix Houphouet-Boigny University of Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire IRD CNRSHSMUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance

This work aims to evaluate the impact of climate change on the quantitative availability of the Aghien lagoon located in the north of the Abidjan district in Côte d’Ivoire. In the first step, the semi-distributed SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) based physical model (Arnold et al., 1998) was calibrated and validated at the monthly time step over the period 1960-1981, in the Me watershed for which data from flow rates are available. SWAT was then applied on the watershed of the lagoon of Aghien which is ungauged but for which the challenges are considerable for the drinking water supply of the Abidjanese population. In the second step, the gross outputs (precipitation, temperatures) of six climate models of the CORDEX-Africa project under the “Representative Concentration Pathways” (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) scenarios were corrected using the delta method. These corrected outputs were used at the SWAT model input to project the impact of climate change on the flow of the Aghien lagoon to horizons 2040 (2035-2056), 2060 (2057-2078) and 2080 (2079-2100). The projections made on these different horizons were compared with the simulated flow over the period 1960-1981. The results show a sensible decrease in the annual flow of the Aghien lagoon compared to the reference period (1960-1981). Under the medium assumption (RCP 4.5), the models predict a decrease in the annual discharge almost 10% on average. Under the pessimistic hypothesis (RCP 8.5), the average annual discharge should decrease by more than 17%. On a monthly basis, flows in August and September would increase by more than 80% and those in October and November would increase by more than 20% in both RCP scenarios.

关键词： Abidjan Climate Change Cote d’Ivoire Aghien Lagoon SWAT

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Modelling Freshwater Availability Using SWAT Model at a Catchment-Scale in Ivory Coast

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第13期5卷 70-83页

作者： Kouao Armand Anoh Tanoh jean Jacques Koua Sampah Georges Eblin Kan jean Kouamé jean patrice jourda Environment Department Jean Lorougnon Guede University Daloa Ivory Coast Hydrogeology Department Felix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Ivory Coast

Sustainable management of Ivory Coast’s freshwater reserve at a catchment scale is an essential way in the policies of land use sustainable management. Thus, the implementation of physical conceptual semi-distributed SWAT model required a good knowledge of the watershed and a large number of physic-chemical data available that have been prior adapted to Ivory Coast’s climatic and soil conditions. The whole simulation span was divided into calibration set (1982-1986) and validation set (1987-1990). The SUFI-2 algorithm was used for parameters optimization. The sensitivity analysis focused on 8 parameters related to runoff, soil, evaporation, main channel and groundwater. The performance criteria were based on the P-factor, R-factor and the two objective functions which are Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and the coefficient of determination. Although Taabo river basin like African basins suffers from a significant lack of data, the objective functions showed the robustness of the model to climate variability. The calibration launched during a wet period gave objective functions higher than 0.7 while validation performed in less humid period gave performance criteria around 0.6. During the simulation period, Taabo river basin daily green water ranged from 0.044 to 50.257 mm/day with a total average of 3,090.9 mm per year. As for blue water, it is ranged from 0.032 to 0.552 mm/day with an annual total average of 29.19 mm.

关键词： SWAT SUFI2 Taabo River Basin Blue Water Green Water

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Evaluation of Agricultural Practices Scenarios for Reducing Erosion in Buyo Lake Catchment (Sassandra;Cote d’Ivoire) by Use of GIS

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第7期7卷 154-171页

作者： jean-Jacques Tanoh Koua Armand Kouao Anoh Drissa Tanina Soro jean Kan Kouame Roger jean patrice jourda Environment Training and Research Unit Jean Lorougnon Guédé University Daloa Cote d’Ivoire Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources Training and Research Unit Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire University Center for Research and Application in Remote Sensing Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

This study has used RUSLE model factors within a GIS component to evaluate eroded soil and developed viable agricultural practices scenarios to reduce soil loss in Buyo Lake catchment in the Western region of Côte d’Ivoire. Consequently, five study cases were tested as following: scenario 1—association of dense forest and crops with a high percentage of mulch;scenario 2—corn and sorghum combination by considering a high yield without conventional tillage;scenario 3—establishment of an herbaceous meadow;and scenario 4—association of palm, coffee, and cocoa with green cover. Scenario P was the setting up of straw mulch after corn or sorghum harvest. The erosion map resulting from these study cases showed by estimation, an average of soil loss of about 95 t/ha/year. The respective values obtained for the scenarios 1, 2 and 3 are 28 t/ha/year, 66 t/ha/year and 30 t/ha/year. This indicates a decrease of 68%. By scenario 4, the estimated average was 2 t/ha/year corresponding to a decrease of 98%. The combination of scenario 2 with scenario P gave soil losses average of 5 t/ha/year, i.e. a 95% reduction. This study shows that the association of palm, coffee, and cocoa with green cover would be very effective in reducing soil loss.

关键词： Agricultural Practices Soil Erosion Scenarios Buyo Lake Catchment Cote d’Ivoire

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Contribution of the Sensitivity Analysis in Groundwater Vulnerability Assessing Using the DRASTIC Method: Application to Groundwater in Dabou Region (Southern of Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第1期7卷 129-143页

作者： Jacques Édoukou Djémin jean Kan Kouamé Kouakou Serge Deh Amani Tawa Abinan jean patrice jourda Department of Sciences and Water Technology and Environment Engineering (Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis Applied to Hydrogeology) Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

The groundwater constitutes the main source of drinking water for the populations in the Dabou region which is marked by a multiplication of socio-economic activities. The quality of groundwater is increasingly tested by diverse sources of pollution caused by these human activities. In order to preserve their quality against any form of contamination, the present study aims to assess the groundwater vulnerability in this region and to highlight the relative importance of hydrogeological parameters which will be taken into account in this assessment. The assessment of the intrinsic vulnerability is to identify the most sensitive zones in order to prevent the groundwater pollution risks on the surface of the ground. To do it, the DRASTIC method is applied through a GIS. The GIS has also used to perform sensitivity analysis through the map removal and the single-parameter sensitivity analysis tests. The indexes calculated for the DRASTIC vulnerability map vary from 95 to 187 of the North towards the South. This vulnerability map presents four classes: very high (26.22%) in the South and the East, high (37.71%) in the Center, the North-East and the North-West, moderate (34.73%) to the North and the West and low (1.34%) in the North. The DRASTIC vulnerability map is heavily influenced by the impact of vadose zone and the depth to water table according to the first test. For the second test, it is the impact of vadose zone, the aquifer media and the soil media which have a more significant impact on the vulnerability map. Both sensitivity analysis tests confirm that the impact of vadose zone therefore sediment type is more implied in this assessment of the groundwater vulnerability in the Dabou region.

关键词： Pollution Groundwater Vulnerability DRASTIC Sensitivity Analysis

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Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in the Sub-Prefecture of Kokumbo (Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第6期11卷 169-183页

作者： Armel Kouadio Koblan Affoué Bénédicte Koffi Aminata Diomandé Deh Serges Kouakou Kan jean Kouamé jean patrice jourda Laboratory of Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences (LSEG) U.F.R. Earth Sciences and Mining Resources (STRM) University of Felix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast University Center for Research and Application in Remote Sensing (CURAT) University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast

In the Kokumbo sub-prefecture, groundwater extraction related to gold panning remains a major concern, not to mention the deterioration of its quality. Among the work carried out on water resources, no scientific interest has been shown in groundwater to characterise it. The objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of its physico-chemical quality. In situ measurements and physico-chemical analyses using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) were carried out on five (5) human-powered pump (HPP) water samples and six (6) well water samples collected during low and high water seasons. The results show that the physico-chemical quality of the water, which is sometimes turbid, is satisfactory in terms of the mineralization of the borehole and well water, and the pH of the boreholes, while the temperatures of the two waters and the pH of the wells do not comply with WHO standards. The levels of major ions are recommended for consumption. The waters are classified as predominantly bicarbonate-calcium and magnesium (73%) in the dry season and in the flood season, with an equal split between bicarbonate-calcium and magnesium (45.5%) and chloride-calcium and magnesium (45.5%). The elimination of materials responsible for the turbidity of certain waters by managers or populations is essential for drinking water use. The risk linked to this element means that these turbid waters are not recommended for drinking water.

关键词： Groundwater Physico-Chemical Parameter Hydrochemical Facies Kokumbo

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