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The Primary Motor Cortex Stimulation Attenuates Cold Allodynia in a Chronic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Condition in <i>Rattus norvegicus</i>

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2019年第3期9卷 138-152页

作者： Priscila Medeiros Sylmara Esther Negrini-Ferrari Ana Carolina Medeiros Lais Leite Ferreira josie resende torres da silva José Aparecido da silva Norberto Cysne Coimbra Renato Leonardo de Freitas Neurosciences aboratory of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology Department of Surgery and Anatomy Ribeir&atilde o Preto Medical School of the University of Sã o Paulo Ribeir&atilde o Preto S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology Department of Pharmacology Ribeir&atilde o Preto Medical School of the University of Sã o Paulo (FMRP-USP) Ribeir&atilde o Preto (SP) Brazil Biomedical Sciences Institute Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG) Alfenas Minas Gerais (MG) Brazil Motricity Sciences Institute UNIFAL-MG Alfenas MG Brazil Post-Graduate Program of Biosciences Applied to Health (PPGB) UNIFAL Biomedical Sciences Institute Alfenas MG Brazil Department of Psychology Ribeir&atilde o Preto School of Philosophy Sciences and Literature of the University of S&atilde o Paulo FFCLRP-USP Ribeir&atilde o Preto Brazil Department of Psychology Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-MG) Juiz de Fora (MG) Brazil Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC) Ribeir&atilde o Preto (SP) Brazil

Background: The primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation (MCS) is a useful tool for attenuation of the peripheral neuropathic pain in patients with pharmacologically refractory pain. Furthermore, that neurological procedure may also cause antinociception in rodents with neuropathic pain. Cold allodynia is a frequent clinical finding in patients with neuropathic pain, then, we evaluated if an adapted model of neuropathy induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the ischiadicus nervus (sciatic nerve) produces cold allodynia in an animal model of chronic pain. In addition, we also investigated the effect of the electrical stimulation of the M1 on chronic neuropathic pain condition in laboratory animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used. An adapted model of peripheral mononeuropathy induced by CCI was carried out by placing a single loose ligature around the right sciatic nerve. The acetone test was used to evaluate the cold allodynia in CCI or Sham (without ligature) rats. The MCS (M1) was performed at low-frequency (20 μA, 100 Hz) during 15 s by deep brain stimulation (DBS-Thomas Recording device) 21 days after CCI or Sham procedures. The cold allodynia was measured before and immediately after the neurostimulation of M1 in the following time-window: 0, 15 and 30 min after MCS. Results: Cold allodynia threshold increased in animals with chronic neuropathic pain submitted to the acetone test 21 days after the CCI surgery. The M1-stimulation by DBS procedure decreased the cold allodynia immediately and until 30 min after M1-stimulation in rats with chronic neuropathic pain. Conclusion: The current proposal for a CCI model by a single loose ligature of the sciatic nerve can be employed as an experimental model of chronic neuropathic pain in rats submitted to peripheral nervous system injury. The M1-stimulation produced antinociception in rats with chronic neuropathic pain. Thus, we reinforced that the MCS decreases cold allodynia in laboratory animals submitted to

关键词： Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Chronic Pain Sciatic Nerve Chronic Constriction Injury Cold Allodynia Primary Motor Cortex Stimulation Antinociception

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HPV Vaccine: Integrative Review of National and International Guidelines

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Health 2022年第12期14卷 1287-1298页

作者： Durval silva Tavares Filho Camille Marcele resende Rocha Elizabeth Bacha Marcela Curvello Beltrão Lusitânia Maria de Barros Ádamo Newton Marinho Andrade Fabiana torres Valadares Yasmin Nunes Machado Centro Universitário Tiradentes (UNIT) Maceió Brasil

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is an adenovirus of the Papillomaviridae family with approximately 200 subtypes (subdivided into low and high oncogenic risk groups), responsible for almost 99% of cervical cancers. Worldwide, there are more than 570,000 new cases and more than 311,000 women die each year from cervical cancer;for Brazil, the estimate is of more than 16,000 new cases per year. It is known that cervical cancer is one of the most easily preventable forms of cancer, as there is a highly effective vaccine against HPV. However, the morbidity and mortality rates correlated with human papillomavirus are still concerning, especially in less developed countries. In 2020, the WHO (World Health Organization) presented three goals to achieve by 2030 the worldwide extermination of cervical cancer;among these goals is vaccination. Is the world preparing for this battle? The present work is an integrative review, comparing national and international guidelines for HPV vaccination published in the last five years in the consulted databases, using the descriptors “cervical cancer”, “prevention” and “guideline” and the boolean operator “and”, from which nine articles were selected. The study made it possible to compare international and national guidelines for vaccination against HPV, showing that developed countries implemented the HPV vaccine longer ago and follow the WHO recommendations more rigorously and effectively than underdeveloped or developing countries. Adopting a single dose as a strategy, as suggested by the WHO in April 2022, could be an important step towards increasing coverage and providing protection for a greater number of girls who do not have access to HPV immunization.

关键词： Immunization Prevention Guidelines HPV Cervical Cancer

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