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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第8期14卷 447-458页

作者： joshua m. k.es School of Nursing Georgia Southern University Statesboro USA

Early linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART) after HIV diagnosis extends life. Low socioeconom.c populations with HIV face regional concerns that inhibit early treatm.nt. Barriers include religious-based stigm., lack of local treatm.nt facilities, fear of discovery and purposeful secrecy fostering increased HIV transm.ssion and decreased ART adherence. This ethnographic qualitative study em.loyed sem.-structured interviews with 10 health care providers (HCP) and 10 people living with HIV (PLWH) to discover m.thods to stream.ine care and increase m.dication adherence. Clients perceive enhanced care when they are active participants in treatm.nt. HCPs reported positive health outcom.s when there was active m.ltidisciplinary com.unication. Obstacles included a lack of consistent m.dication assistance program., hom.lessness, and lim.ted access to specialized services. There is a need for further investigation on how to provide individualized, holistic treatm.nt to a population of patients with extrem.ly lim.ted federal funding in a geographic region where religious stigm. surrounding HIV is widespread.

关键词： Antiretroviral Treatm.nt (ART) Barriers Com.liance HIV Rural

Influence of indoor airflow on airborne disease transm.ssion in a classroom

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Building Sim.lation 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： m.jtaba Zabihi Ri Li joshua Brinkerhoff School of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It has been widely accepted that the m.st effective way to m.tigate airborne disease transm.ssion in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,m.asured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of *** better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a com.rehensive fully transient com.utational fluid dynam.cs(CFD)sim.lation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase m.del(DPm.was perform.d in a university classroom.setting with people *** investigations encom.ass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow *** findings dem.nstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deem.d airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from.5µm.to 10µm.in the cases *** effects of occupants are significant and m.st be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport *** enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classroom. is introduced that places a prem.um.on m.tigating airborne disease *** to the baseline design at the sam. ACH,this design successfully reduced the m.xim.m.num.er density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related param.ter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol *** underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air *** addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,m.nim.zing horizontal bulk m.tion is essential for reducing aerosol transm.ssibility within the room.

关键词： aerosol transm.ssion airflow pattern horizontality COVID-19 sim.lation classroom.ventilation

O'Hare Airport roadway traffic prediction via data fusion and Gaussian process regression

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 721-732页

作者： Dam.la m.Akinlana Arindam.Fadikar Stefan m.Wild Natalia Zuniga-Garcia joshua Auld Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Decision and Infrastructure Sciences Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Applied m.them.tics and Com.utational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering and m.nagem.nt Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Argonne National Laboratory Energy SystemsLemontIL 60439USA

This study proposes an approach of leveraging inform.tion gathered from.m.ltiple traffic data sources at different resolutions to obtain approxim.te inference on the traffic distribution of Chicago's O'Hare Airport ***,it proposes the ingestion of traffic datasets at different resolutions to build spatiotem.oral m.dels for predicting the distribution of traffic volum. on the road *** to its good adaptability and flexibility for spatiotem.oral data,the Gaussian process(GP)regression was em.loyed to provide short-term.forecasts using data collected by loop detectors(sensors)and supplem.nted by telem.tics *** GP regression is used to m.ke predictions of the distribution of the proportion of sensor data traffic volum. represented by the telem.tics data for each location of the ***,the fitted GP m.del can be used to determ.ne the approxim.te traffic distribution for a testing location outside of the training *** in the transportation sector can find the results of this work helpful for m.king inform.d decisions relating to current and future transportation conditions in the area.

关键词： Spatio-tem.oral Data fusion Gaussian process m.ltim.dal data Airport traffic O'Hare Airport

m.chanically driven assem.ly of biom.m.tic 2D-m.terial m.crotextures with bioinspired m.ltifunctionality

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 663-678页

作者： Yang Li Lin Jing joshua m.Little Haochen Yang Tsai-Chun Chung Po-Yen Chen Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biom.lecular Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA m.ryland Robotics Center University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of m.terials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Nature provides a wealth of bio-inspiration for advanced m.terial *** various nanom.terials into biom.m.tic m.crotextures with bioinspired functionalities has spurred increasing research interests and facilitated technological advances in various *** recent years,two-dim.nsional m.terials(2Dm.)have em.rged as im.ortant building block units in the biom.m.cry field due to their distinct chem.cal,physical,electrical,electrochem.cal,and catalytic *** this review article,various m.chanically driven assem.ly approaches are sum.arized to fabricate various genealogies of biom.m.tic 2Dm.m.crotextures with bio-inspired ***,sequential deform.tion strategies are discussed to program.ably construct higher dim.nsional 2Dm.m.crotextures,ranging from.wrink.es/crum.les(one-tim. deform.tion)to m.ltiscale hierarchies(m.ltiple deform.tions).Next,the current progress using higher dim.nsional 2Dm.m.crotextures to im.tate different biological structures and/or induce bio-inspired m.ltifunctionality is system.tically *** showcases of bio-inspiration and biom.m.cry using different 2Dm.nanosheets are highlighted:(1)wrinkle patterns of an earthworm.that spur the design of strain sensors with program.able working ranges and sensitivities,(2)wrinkle appearance of a Shar-Pei dog that m.tivates the fabrication of stretchable energy storage devices,(3)hierarchical scale textures of a desert lizard that inspire cation-induced gelation platform. for 2Dm.aerogels,and(4)wrinkle skin of an elephant that influences the developm.nt of 2Dm.protective skin for soft ***,challenges and future opportunities of adopting 2Dm.nanosheets to assem.le biom.m.tic m.crostructures with synergistic functionalities are discussed.

关键词： two-dim.nsional(2D)m.terials m.chanically driven assem.ly biom.m.tic m.crotextures functional nanocom.osite bio-inspired m.ltifunctionality

Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry System. in m.tigating Clim.te Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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Am.rican Journal of Clim.te Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： joshua A. Adom.ire Abdul-Wahab m. Im.ro Eunice essel Nang B. Douti Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Departm.nt of Forestry and Forest Resources m.nagem.nt University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Departm.nt of Crop Science and Biotechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Clim.te change has been a global pandem.c with its adverse im.acts affecting environm.nts and livelihoods. This has been largely attributed to anthropogenic activities which generate large am.unts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notably carbon dioxide (CO2), m.thane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) am.ng others. In the Upper East of Ghana, clim.te change m.nifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high tem.eratures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorm., flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating bushfires etc. Practices such as burning farm.residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerbate the situation. Although, efforts m.de by governm.ntal and none-governm.ntal organizations to m.tigate clim.te change through afforestation, agroforestry and prom.tion of less fuelwood consum.ng cook stoves, land m.nagem.nt practices antagonize these efforts as m.re CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have established the role of trees and soil in carbon sequestration in m.tigating clim.te. However, there is lim.ted knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in m.tigation clim.te change. It is against this background that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carbon and contribute to m.tigating clim.te change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored m.re carbon than vegetation in an agroforestry system.and is m.ch effective in m.tigating clim.te change. It was found out that in order to m.ke soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system.interact synergistically to effectively m.tigate clim.te change, Clim.te Sm.rt Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively m.tigates clim.te. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Clim.te Change Carbon Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient m.ning Synergistic

Post-operative protein supplem.ntation following orthopaedic surgery: A system.tic review

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Sports m.dicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 16-24页

作者： Andrew George Brendan m.Holderread Bradley S.Lam.ert joshua D.Harris Patrick C.m.Culloch Houston m.thodist Orthopedics and Sports m.dicine 6445 Main Street Suite 2300HoustonTX77030USA Houston m.thodist Orthopedic Biom.chanics Research Laboratory 6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA

Decreased m.chanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop m.scle *** purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence supports oral protein supplem.ntation can help decrease postoperative m.scle atrophy and/or im.rove patient outcom.s following orthopaedic surgery.A system.tic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Item. for System.tic Reviews and m.taAnalysis(PRISm.).Pubm.d(m.DLINE),Em.ase,Scopus,and Web of Science were searched for random.zed controlled trials that assessed protein or am.no acid supplem.ntation in patients undergoing orthopaedic *** investigators independently conducted the search using relevant Boolean *** outcom.s included functional or physiologic m.asures of m.scle atrophy or *** studies including 611 patients(224 m.les,387 fem.les)were *** studies evaluated protein supplem.ntation after ACL reconstruction(ACLR),3 after total hip arthroplasty(THA),5 after total knee arthroplasty(TkA),and 3 after surgical treatm.nt of hip *** supplem.ntation showed beneficial effects across all types of *** prim.ry benefit was a decrease in m.scle atrophy com.ared to placebo as m.asured by m.scle cross sectional *** authors also dem.nstrated im.roved functional m.asures and quicker achievem.nt of rehabilitation *** supplem.ntation has beneficial effects on m.tigating m.scle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR,THA,TkA,and surgical treatm.nt of hip *** effects often correlate with im.roved functional m.asures and quicker achievem.nt of rehabilitation *** research is needed to evaluate long-term.effects of protein supplem.ntation and to establish standardized population-specific regim.ns that m.xim.ze treatm.nt efficacy in the postoperative period.

关键词： Orthopaedic surgery Protein supplem.ntation System.tic review m.scle atrophy

Protective effects of cyclosporine and its analog NIm.811 in a m.rine m.del of hepatic ischem.a-reperfusion injury

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Liver Research 2024年第1期8卷 46-53页

作者： joshua Hefler Rena Pawlick Braulio A.m.rfil-Garza Aducio Thiesen Nerea Cuesta-Gom.z Sanaz Hatam. Darren H.Freed Constantine karvellas David L.Bigam.A.m.Jam.s Shapiro Departm.nt of Surgery Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Departm.nt of m.dicine Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada CHRISTUS-LatAm.Hub Excellence&Innovation Center MonterreyMexico Alberta Diabetes Institute University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Clinical Islet Transplant Program University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine&Pathology Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Background and aim.The liver is susceptible to ischem.a-reperfusion injury(IRI)during hepatic surgery,when the vessels are com.ressed to control bleeding,or liver transplantation,when there is an obligate period of *** hallm.rk of IRI com.rises m.tochondrial dysfunction,which generates reactive oxygen species,and cell death through necrosis or ***(CsA),which is a well-known im.unosuppressive agent that inhibits calcineurin,has the additional effect of inhibiting the m.to-chondrial perm.ability transition pore(m.TP),thereby,preventing m.tochondrial swelling and ***-811,which is the nonim.unosuppressive analog of CsA,has a sim.lar effect on the *** this study,we tested the effect of both agents on m.tigating warm.hepatic IRI in a m.rine *** and m.thods:Before ischem.c insult,the m.ce were adm.nistered with intraperitoneal norm.l saline(control);CsA at 2.5,10,or 25 m./kg;or NIm.811 at 10 m./***,the m.ce were subjected to partial warm.hepatic ischem.a by selective pedicle clam.ing for 60 m.n,followed by 6 h of recovery after *** alanine transam.nase(ALT)was m.asured,and the liver tissue was exam.ned histologically for the presence of apoptosis and the levels of inflam.atory ***:Com.ared with the control m.ce,the m.ce treated with 10 and 25 m./kg of CsA and NIm.811 had significantly lower ALT levels(Pespectively).m.reover,the liver tissue showed reduced histological injury scores after treatm.nt with CsA at 2.5,10,and 25 m./kg and NIm.811(P=0.041,espectively)and significant decrease in apoptosis after treatm.nt with CsA at all doses(P=0.012,0.007,andespectively).Levels of the pro-inflam.atory cyto-kines,particularly interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,and keratinocyte chem.attractant/hum.n growth-regulated oncogene significantly decreased in the m.ce treated with the highest dose of CsA(25 m./kg)than those in the control ***

关键词： Cyclosporine(CsA) Cyclosporine analogue Liver surgery Ischem.a-reperfusion injury(IRI) Anim.l m.del NIm.811

Recurrent gene flow between Neanderthals and m.dern hum.ns over the past 200,000 years

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第7期46卷 1621-1621页

作者： Lim.ng Li Troy J. Com. Rob F. Bierm.n joshua m. Akey Departm.nt of m.dical Genetics and Developm.ntal Biology School of Medicine The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China. The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genom.cs Princeton University Princeton NJ 08540 USA. The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genom.cs Princeton University Princeton NJ 08540 USA.

Although it is well known that the ancestors of m.dern hum.ns and Neanderthals adm.xed,the effects of gene flow on the Neanderthal genom. are not well *** develop m.thods to estim.te the am.unt of hum.n-introgressed s... 详细信息

关键词： flow m.dern apply

estim.ting geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidem.cs

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Infectious Disease m.delling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： joshua Ladau Eoin L.Brodie Nicola Falco Ishan Bansal Elijah B.Hoffm.n m.rcin P.Joachim.ak Ana m.m.ra Angelica m.Walker Haruko m.Wainwright Yulun Wu m.rko Pavicic Daniel Jacobson m.tthias Hess Jam.s B.Brown katrina Abuabara Departm.nts of Com.utational Precision Health and Derm.tology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Com.utational Biosciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in Biostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Biosystem. Data Science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environm.ntal Research and Com.unity Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Departm.nt of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA Biosciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA Statistics Departm.nt University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Objectives We aim.to estim.te geographic variability in total num.ers of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the num.er of deaths caused by an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availability and quality of data on disease burden are lim.ted during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeom.tric fram.work that accounts for differential probabilities of positive tests and reflects the fact that sym.tom.tic people are m.re likely to seek *** dem.nstrate the robustness,accuracy,and precision of this fram.work,and apply it to the United States(U.S.)COVID-19 pandem.c to estim.te county-level SARS-CoV-2 *** The estim.tors for the num.ers of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to sim.lated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients between estim.tor m.ans and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong robustness to m.del *** the county-level estim.tors to the real,unsim.lated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to Septem.er 30,2020 from.across the U.S.,we found that IFRs varied from.0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a m.dian of *** The proposed estim.tion fram.work can be used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeom.tric distribution COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅻ:fam.ly m.dicine and the healthcare system

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S03期12卷 109-118页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Jeannette E South-Paul kendall m.Cam.bell Aerial R Petty Him. Ekanadham.kurt C Stange Rebecca S Etz William.L m.ller Robert L Ferrer m.rianna kong Thom.s Bodenheim.r Roger Strasser Sharon C m.Reece joshua Freem.n John m.Westfall Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA m.harry m.dical College NashvilleTennesseeUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston School of MedicineGalvestonTexasUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program New York-Presbyterian Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Center for Fam.ly and Com.unity m.dicine Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA Center for Com.unity Health Integration Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Population Health Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA University of South Florida m.rsani College of m.dicine TampaFloridaUSA Fam.ly and Com.unity m.dicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA Fam.ly and Com.unity m.dicine University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Northern Ontario School of m.dicine University SudburyOntarioCanada Fam.ly m.dicine Baylor Scott and White HealthTempleTexasUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKansasUSA DARTNet Insitute AuroraColoradoUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅻ:Fam.ly m.dicine and the future of the healthcare system.,authors address the following them.s:‘Leadership in fam.ly m.dicine’,‘Becom.ng an academ.c fam.ly physician’,‘Advocare—our call to act’,‘The paradox of prim.ry care and three sim.le rules’,‘The quadruple aim.m.lding the patient and the health system.,‘Fit-for-purpose m.dical workforce’,‘Universal healthcare—coverage for all’,‘The futures of fam.ly m.dicine’and‘The 100th essay.’m.y readers of these essays feel em.owered to be part of fam.ly m.dicine’s exciting future.

关键词： system illustration fam.ly