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Natural nest substrates influence squam.te em.ryo physiology but have little effect on hatchling phenotypes

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 550-566页

作者： joshua m.HALL Jocelyn m.RACLE Cindy D.SCRUGGS Daniel A.WARNER Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Vertebrate em.ryos require access to water;however,m.ny species nest in terrestrial habitats that vary considerably in m.isture ***,non-avian reptiles have served as m.dels to understand how environm.ntal factors,like m.isture availability,influence developm.nt because eggs are often exposed to prevailing environm.nts in the absence of parental *** m.ch research dem.nstrates the im.ortance of water absorption by eggs,m.ny ecological factors that influence m.isture availability in natural nests have received little *** exam.le,the type of substrate in which nests are constructed is *** experim.ntally incubated eggs of the brown anole lizard(Anolis sagrei)in 2 naturally occurring nest substrates that were treated with varying am.unts of water to determ.ne how natural substrates influence developm.nt at different m.isture *** substrate consisted of sand and crushed seashells and the other was m.stly organic m.terial(*** plant m.terial).Both are com.on nesting substrates at our field *** controlling for water uptake by eggs,we found that egg survival and hatchling phenotypes were sim.lar between substrates;however,em.ryos developed m.re quickly in the sand/shell substrate than the organic substrate,indicating substrate-specific effects on em.ryo *** results dem.nstrate that different natural substrates can result in sim.lar developm.ntal outcom.s if the water available to eggs is com.arable;however,som. aspects of developm.nt,like developm.ntal rate,are affected by the type of substrate,independent of water *** study is required to determ.ne how natural substrates influence em.ryo physiology independent of water content.

关键词： developm.ntal plasticity egg incubation hydric conditions nesting behavior nest-site selection

Evolving roles of m.gnifying endoscopy and endoscopic resection for neoplasia in inflam.atory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第3期14卷 646-653页

作者： Shintaro Akiyam. Taku Sakam.to joshua m.Steinberg Yutaka Saito Kiichiro Tsuchiya Departm.nt of Gastroenterology University of TsukubaIbaraki 305-8575Japan Endoscopy Division National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Departm.nt of Inflam.atory Bowel Disease Gastroenterology of the RockiesDenverCO 80218United States

m.gnifying endoscopy is a useful technique to differentiate neoplasia from.non-neoplastic lesions. Data regarding the clinical utility of m.gnifying endoscopy for neoplasia in patients with inflam.atory bowel disease(IBD) has been *** Kudo’s pit pattern types Ⅲ-Ⅴ are findings suggestive of neoplasia in non-IBD patients, these pit patterns are predictive of IBD-associated neoplasia as ***, active chronic inflam.atory processes, particularly regenerative changes, can m.m.c neoplastic pit patterns and m.y affect a m.ticulous evaluation of pit pattern diagnosis in patients with IBD. The clinical evidence regarding the utility of m.gnifying endoscopy with narrow band im.ging or endocytoscopy has also been evolving in regard to the diagnosis of IBD-associated neoplasia. These advanced endoscopic techniques are prom.sing for m.ltiple reasons;not only for m.king an accurate diagnosis of neoplasia, but also in determ.ning if endoscopic resection is appropriate for such lesions in patients with IBD. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic accuracy and lim.tations of m.gnifying endoscopy in assessing IBD-associated neoplasia and exam.ne the feasibility and outcom.s of endoscopic resection for these lesions.

关键词： m.gnifying endoscopy Neoplasia Ulcerative colitis Inflam.atory bowel disease Endoscopic resection

Conservation of indigenous m.dicinal botanicals in Ekiti State, Nigeria

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biom.dicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第9期7卷 713-718页

作者： KAYODE joshua Departm.nt of Plant Science University of Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363 Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria

The rapid appraisal m.thod was used to identity the botanicals used ethnom.dicinally from.a total of 300 random.y selected respondents drawn from.the existing three geo-political zones of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The results obtained revealed that about 40% of the 71 botanicals identified presently rare. m.st of the presently abundant botanicals are species prim.rily cultivated for other purpose other than m.dicine. m.st of the identified species are valued for their curative effects on m.laria and fever, the predom.nant diseases in the study area. The need for the conservation of the rare species cannot be over em.hasised as m.st rural dwellers in the study area depend m.stly on herbs from.these species. Strategies towards the attainm.nt of this goal are proposed.

关键词： Conservation m.dicinal botanicals Nigeria

Estim.tion of the density of neural,glial,and endothelial lineage cells in the adult m.use dentate gyrus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1286-1292页

作者： joshua D.Rieskam. Patricia Sarchet Bryon m.Sm.th Elizabeth D.Kirby Neuroscience Graduate Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Psychology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Neuroscience The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Chronic Brain Injury Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

The dentate gyrus subregion of the m.m.alian hippocam.us is an adult neural stem.cell niche and site of lifelong *** regarding the role of adult-born neuron synaptic integration in hippocam.al circuit function are fram.d by robust estim.tions of adultborn versus pre/perinatally-born neuron *** contrast,the non-neurogenic functions of adult neural stem.cells and their im.ediate progeny,such as secretion of bioactive growth factors and expression of extracellular m.trix-m.difying proteins,lack sim.lar fram.ng due to few estim.tes of their num.er versus other prom.nent secretory ***,we apply im.unohistochem.cal m.thods to estim.te cell density of neural stem.progenitor cells versus other m.jor classes of glial and endothelial cell types that are potentially secretory in the dentate gyrus of adult *** the cell types quantified,we found that GFAP^(+)SOX2^(+)stellate astrocytes were the m.st num.rous,followed by CD31^(+)endothelia,GFAP-SOX2^(+)interm.diate progenitors,Olig2^(+)oligodendrocytes,Iba1+m.croglia,and GFAP^(+)SOX2^(+)radial glia-like neural stem.*** did not observe any significant sex differences in density of any cell ***,neural stem.progenitor cells were present at a sim.lar density as several cell types known to have potent functional roles via their *** findings m.y be useful for refining hypotheses regarding the contributions of these cell types to regulating hippocam.al function and their potential therapeutic *** experim.ntal protocols were approved by the Ohio State University Institutional Anim.l Care and Use Com.ittee(protocol#2016A00000068)on July 14,2016.

关键词： adult neurogenesis dentate gyrus endothelia glia hippocam.us neural stem.cell secretom. stereology

Generative Neural Network Based Spectrum.Sharing Using Linear Sum.Assignm.nt Problem.

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China Com.unications 2020年第2期17卷 14-29页

作者： Ahm.d BZaky joshua Zhexue Huang Kaishun Wu Basem.m.lHalawany Big Data Institute Shenzhen University518060China Benha University Benha13511Egypt Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Econom.(SZ) Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China PCL Research Center of Networks and Com.unications Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518060China

Spectrum.m.nagem.nt and resource allocation(RA)problem. are challenging and critical in a vast num.er of research areas such as wireless com.unications and com.uter *** traditional approaches for solving such problem. usually consum. tim. and m.m.ry,especially for large-size *** different m.chine learning approaches have been considered as potential prom.sing techniques for com.inatorial optim.zation problem.,especially the generative m.del of the deep neural *** this work,we propose a resource allocation deep autoencoder network,as one of the prom.sing generative m.dels,for enabling spectrum.sharing in underlay device-to-device(D2D)com.unication by solving linear sum.assignm.nt problem.(LSAPs).Specifically,we investigate the perform.nce of three different architectures for the conditional variational autoencoders(CVAE).The three proposed architecture are the convolutional neural network(CVAECNN)autoencoder,the feed-forward neural network(CVAE-FNN)autoencoder,and the hybrid(H-CVAE)*** sim.lation results show that the proposed approach could be used as a replacem.nt of the conventional RA techniques,such as the Hungarian algorithm.due to its ability to find solutions of LASPs of different sizes with high accuracy and very fast execution ***,the sim.lation results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed hybrid autoencoder architecture outperform. the other proposed architectures and the state-of-the-art DNN techniques.

关键词： autoencoder linear sum.assignm.nt problem. generative m.dels resource allocation

Drugging SUm.ylation for neuroprotection and oncotherapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 415-416页

作者： joshua D. Bernstock Daniel G. Ye Yang-ja Lee Florian Gessler Gregory K. Friedm.n Wei Zheng John m. Hallenbeck Stroke Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH) Bethesda MD USA Departm.nt of Clinical Neurosciences - Division of Stem.Cell Neurobiology Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge UK Departm.nt of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences National Institutes of Health (NCATS/NIH) Bethesda MD USA

Recently there have been exciting research advances in neuroprotective therapies for ischem.c stroke. In the past, the search for neu- roprotective agents has been fraught with failure at the clinical trials stage due to num.rous factors, including subject heterogeneity and im.roper therapeutic windows （Tym.anski, 2017）. m.reover, it is becom.ng clearer that the com.lex and evolving pathobiology of stroke requires m.ltim.dal therapeutic approaches capable of m.dulating the num.rous axes that contribute to ischem.a/reperfusion dam.ge, rather than targeting a single axis （Bernstock et al., 2018a）. With the success of recent endovascular throm.ectom. （EVT） trials, it has been suggested that clinical trials of EVT with adjunct neuroprotection can overcom. past difficulties and m.xim.ze the effect size by using im.ging to reduce patient heterogeneity （i. e., selecting those with large vessel occlusions, sm.ll ischem.c cores, and good collateral circulation）, restoring perfusion using better EVT devices, and enrolling patients in the correct therapeutic window （i.e., when they still have salvageable brain tissue）（Tym.anski, 2017）. Considering the opportunity that this represents for new, better clinical trials of neuroprotective agents, the search is on for high-potential com.ounds that m.y be investigated in these future studies.

关键词： Drugging SUm.ylation for neuroprotection and oncotherapy OGD

Anterior glenohum.ral instability:Current review with technical pearls and pitfalls of arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： John m.Apostolakos joshua Wright-Chisem.Lawrence V Gulotta Sam.el A Taylor joshua S Dines Departm.nt of Sports m.dicine and Shoulder Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States

The glenohum.ral joint(GHJ)allows for a wide range of m.tion,but is also particularly vulnerable to episodes of *** GHJ instability is especially frequent am.ng young,athletic populations during contact sporting *** first tim. dislocators can be m.naged non-operatively with a period of im.obilization and rehabilitation,however certain patient populations are at higher risk for recurrent instability and m.y require surgical intervention for adequate *** of the optim.l treatm.nt strategy should be m.de on a case-by-case basis while weighing both patient specific factors and injury patterns(i.e.,bone loss).The purpose of this review is to describe the relevant anatom.cal stabilizers of the GHJ,risk factors for recurrent instability including bony lesions,indications for arthroscopic vs open surgical m.nagem.nt,clinical history and physical exam.nation techniques,im.ging m.dalities,and pearls/pitfalls of arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization for anterior glenohum.ral instability.

关键词： Arthroscopic Soft-tissue Anterior instability Glenohum.ral Functional anatom. Recurrent instability

The Representation of Soil m.isture−Atm.sphere Feedbacks across the Tibetan Plateau in Cm.P6

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2063-2081页

作者： joshua TALIB Om.r V.m.LLER Em.a J.BARTON Christopher m.TAYLOR Pier Luigi VIDALE U.K.Centre of Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordOX108BBU.K. National Centre for Atm.spheric Science ReadingRG66BBU.K. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático(CEVARCAM)Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias HídricasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina National Centre for Earth Observation WallingfordOX108BBU.K. Departm.nt of m.teorology University of ReadingReadingRG66BBU.K.

Therm.l processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)influence atm.spheric conditions on regional and global *** this,previous work has shown that soil m.isture−driven surface flux variations feed back onto the *** soil m.isture is a source of atm.spheric predictability,no study has evaluated soil m.isture−atm.sphere coupling on the TP in general circulation m.dels(GCm.).In this study,we use several analysis techniques to assess soil m.isture−atm.sphere coupling in Cm.P6 sim.lations including:instantaneous coupling indices;analysis of flux and atm.spheric behaviour during dry spells;and a quantification of the preference for convection over drier *** these m.trics we partition feedbacks into their atm.spheric and terrestrial *** with previous global studies,we conclude substantial inter-m.del differences in the representation of soil m.isture−atm.sphere coupling,and that m.st m.dels underestim.te such *** on dry spell analysis,m.st m.dels underestim.te increased sensible heat during periods of rainfall *** exam.le,the m.del-m.an bias in anom.lous sensible heat flux is 10 W m.2(≈25%)sm.ller com.ared to *** dry-spell sensible heat fluxes lead to a weaker atm.spheric *** also find that m.st GCm. fail to capture the negative feedback between soil m.isture and deep *** poor sim.lation of feedbacks in Cm.P6 experim.nts suggests that forecast m.dels also struggle to exploit soil m.isture−driven *** im.rove the representation of land−atm.sphere feedbacks requires developm.nts in not only atm.spheric m.delling,but also surface processes,as we find weak relationships between rainfall biases and coupling indexes.

关键词： m.del evaluation land-atm.sphere feedbacks Tibetan Plateau precipitation surface energy balance

New im.ge processing algorithm.for term.nal guidance of m.ltiple kinetic-energy im.actors for disrupting hazardous asteroids

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Astrodynam.cs 2019年第1期3卷 45-59页

作者： joshua Lyzhoft Bong Wie Iowa State University AmesIA500112271USA

This paper describes the prelim.nary study results of developing a hypervelocity term.nal intercept guidance system.of a m.ltiple kinetic-energy im.actor vehicle(m.IV).The proposed m.IV system.is intended to fragm.nt or pulverize an asteroid of sm.ller than approxim.tely 150 m.in diam.ter that is detected with a m.ssion lead tim. of shorter than 10 years,without using nuclear explosive *** paper focuses on the developm.nt of a new im.ge processing algorithm.based on Otsu’s m.thod for the coordinated term.nal intercept guidance and control of m.ltiple kinetic-energy im.actors em.loying visual and/or infrared sensors.A scaled polyhedron shape m.del of asteroid(216)Kleopatra is used as a fictional target ***-based sim.lation results dem.nstrate the feasibility of im.acting a sm.ll irregular-shaped asteroid by using the proposed new im.ge processing algorithm.and a classical pulsed TPN(true proportional navigation)term.nal guidance law.

关键词： asteroid intercept guidance and control m.ltiple kinetic-energy im.actors digital im.ge processing im.ge thresholding Otsu’s m.thod irregular-shaped asteroids