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Land Use Land Cover Dynamics of Upper benue River basin, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第3期11卷 123-137页

作者： Ma’aku Mark joshua E. D. Oruonye A. A. Zemba M. b. Yusuf Department of Geography Taraba State University ATC Jalingo Taraba State Nigeria Department of Geography Modibbo Adama University Yola Adamawa State Nigeria

This study examined land use land cover (LULC) dynamics in Upper benue River basin, Nigeria. The study makes use of primary and secondary data. Landsat Imageries for the years 1981, 2001 and 2021 were used in the study. Supervised approach with maximum likelihood classifier was adopted for the classification and generation of LULC maps. Markov Cellular Automata model was used to predict the status of LULC of the catchment for year 2070. The findings of the study reveal remarkable changes in the land use land cover of the Upper benue River basin. The land cover has witnessed downward trend in the percentage area covered by vegetation and bare surface resulting in 15.4% and 2.6% losses respectively. The result of the findings reveals that the built-up area and rock outcrop has shown significant gains of 15.2% and 2.9% of the study area respectively. Water body has been stable with 0% change, though, it witnessed a marginal decline in 2001. The land use land cover change observed in the Upper benue River basin was as a result of anthropogenic factors characterized by deforestation, expansion of agricultural lands, overgrazing among others. based on the findings, the study recommended controlled grazing activity, deforestation and indiscriminate fuelwood exploitation and improved agronomic practices in the basin.

关键词： Anthropogenic Drainage basin Land Use Change Landsat Imageries & River benue

Threat of Domestic Power Generators to Terrestrial Ecosystem as Expressed in Some Plant Species

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(b) 2013年第5期3卷 377-384页

作者： Otoide Jonathan Eromosele Kayode joshua Department of Plant Science Ekiti State University P.M.B. 5363 Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

Polluted populations of Euphorbia heterophylla, Chromolaena odorata, Commelina diffusa and Kyllinga pumila were collected fresh from 0.1 m to 0.25 m radii of the exhausted-pipe of power generators used for domestic purposes, whereas, their non-polluted counterparts were collected from distances of 100-110 m away. The length and width of 10 leaves, each of both polluted and non-polluted populations, were measured. Their average leaf areas （LA） were 2.60 ± 0.1 cm2, 14.16 ±0.4 cm2, 5.19 ± 0.8 cm2 and 1.80 ±0.8 cm2 for the polluted populations of each of the species, respectively. Whereas, the LA of their non-polluted counterparts were 4.18±0.7 cm2, 34.39 ±0.2 cm2, 7.51± 0.1 cm2 and 10.76 ± 0.3 cm2, respectively. Damages such as plugged stomatal pores, epidermal cell aberrations and erosion, ruptured stomatal ledges, occasional leaf perforations, irregularly fused cell boundaries and glued leaf surfaces were noticeable in the leaves of the polluted populations. Such were not observed in the non-polluted populations. It was suggested that foliar morphology of these group of plants could serve as phytometer to gauge the threats of power generators used in homes to terrestrial ecosystem.

关键词： Domestic power generator Euphorbia heterophylla Chromolaena odorata Commelina diffusa Kyllinga pumila stomatal pores polluted and non-polluted populations epidermal cell damages.

Thin-film PMUTs:a review of over 40 years of research

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第4期9卷 1-17页

作者： Kaustav Roy joshua En-Yuan Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensor and MEMS(CISM) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117608Singapore Institute of Microelectronics A*STARSingapore 117685Singapore

Thin-film PMUTs have been important research topics among microultrasound experts,and a concise review on their research progress is reported *** rigorous surveying,scrutinization,and perception,it has been determined that the work in this field began nearly 44 years ago with the primitive development of functional piezoelectric thin-film *** date,there are three major companies commercializing thin-film PMUTs on a bulk *** commercialization illustrates the extensive contributions made by more than 70 different centers,research institutes,and agencies across 4 different continents regarding the vast development of these devices’design,manufacturing,and *** review covers these important contributions in a short yet comprehensive manner;in particular,this paper educates readers about the global PMUT outlook,their governing design principles,their manufacturing methods,nonconventional yet useful PMUT designs,and category-wise *** comparison charts of thin-film piezoelectric material used in PMUTs,and their categorically targeted applications are depicted and discussed to enlighten any MEMS designer who plans to work with ***,each relevant section features clear future predictions based on the author’s past knowledge and expertise in this field of research and on the findings of a careful literature *** short,this review is a one-stop time-efficient guide for anyone interested in learning about these small devices.

关键词： film piezoelectric companies

Racial Provocation Induces Cortisol Responses in African-Americans

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2013年第4期2卷 151-157页

作者： Ali A. Weinstein Angela Termini joshua b. Kazman Stacey A. Zeno Preetha Abraham Patricia A. Deuster Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability George Mason University Fairfax USA Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda USA

Purpose: To examine salivary cortisol responses to a racially-charged stimulus in a group of African-American individuals. Methods: A nonrandom sample of 245 (age: 43.8 ± 11.1 years;64% female) African-American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Specifically, salivary cortisol was assessed prior to and after being exposed to a racially-charged movie clip. In addition, the salivary cortisol was assessed in?the morning and evening of the day following exposure to the racially-charged movie clip. Results: A statistically significant increase in cortisol was found (P 0.005) in the whole sample. High cortisol responders (highest tertile) and low cortisol responders (lowest tertile) were compared. The high cortisol responders had an elevated cortisol level the following morning (P 0.05) that abated by the evening sample (P > 0.20). In addition, the high cortisol responders who were younger, had lower waist to hip ratios, and experienced less lifetime discrimination than the low cortisol responders (P’s 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of an increase in cortisol in response to a racial provocation may provide a potential explanatory factor for the increased rates of cardiovascular disease in African-American individuals.

关键词： Mental Stress Racial Stressors Ethnicity Cardiovascular Disease

Outcomes of submucosal(T1b) esophageal adenocarcinomas removed by endoscopic mucosal resection

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第20期8卷 763-769页

作者： Darren D ballard Neel Choksi Jingmei Lin Eun-Young Choi b Joseph Elmunzer Henry Appelman Douglas K Rex Hala Fatima William Kessler John M DeWitt Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical College of Wisconsin Division of Gastroenterology University of Michigan Department of Pathology Indiana University Department of Pathology University of Michigan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of South Carolina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Indiana University

AIM To investigate the outcomes and recurrences of p T1 b esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC) following endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and associated *** Patients undergoing EMR with pathologically confirmed T1 b EAC at two academic referral centers were retrospectively *** were divided into 4 groups based on treatment following EMR:Endoscopic therapy alone(group A),endoscopic therapy with either chemotherapy,radiation or both(group b),surgicalresection(group C) or no further treatment/lost to follow-up(by a central ***-up data was obtained from the academic centers,primary care physicians and/or referring *** analysis was performed to identify factors predicting recurrence of *** Fifty-three patients with T1 b EAC underwent EMR,of which 32(60%) had adequate follow-up ≥ 12 mo(median 34 mo,range 12-103).There were 16 patients in group A,9 in group b,7 in group C and 21 in group *** follow-up in groups A to C was 34 mo(range 12-103).Recurrent EAC developed overall in 9 patients(28%) including 6(38%) in group A(median:21 mo,range:6-73),1(11%) in group b(median:30 mo,range:30-30) and 2(29%) in group C(median 21 mo,range:*** of 9 recurrences were local;of the 6 recurrences,5 were treated with endoscopy *** predictors of recurrence of EAC were *** Endoscopic therapy of T1 b EAC may be a reasonable strategy for a subset of patients including those either refusing or medically unfit for esophagectomy.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Submucosal T1b Endoscopic mucosal resection Chemotherapy Esophagectomy

A meta-analysis of 1-year outcomes of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第1期17卷 43-50,I0008-I0010页

作者： Aaqib H Malik Syed Zaid Hasan Ahmad joshua Goldberg Tanya Dutta Cenap Undemir Martin Cohen Wilbert S Aronow Steven L Lansman Department of Medicine Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA Department of Cardiology Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryWestchester Medical CenterValhallaNew YorkUSA

background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)for the treatment symptomatic severe aortic stenosis(AS)is indicated in patients with intermediate or higher surgical *** trials showed TAVR,and surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR)perform similarly at 1-year for the composite outcomes of mortality,stroke and *** performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare individual outcomes at 1-year for TAVR compared to SAVR in low-risk *** Pub Med,Embase,and Cochrane central were searched for all the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that reported 1-year comparative outcomes of TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR).Our conclusions are based upon the random-effects model using Der Simonian-Laird *** Data from 4 trials and 2887 randomized patients showed that TAVR had lower rates of all-cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,and atrial fibrillation compared to SAVR at 1-year follow-up(Pbility of clinical benefits in TAVR over SAVR in low-risk patients.

关键词： Aortic stenosis Low surgical risk Meta-analysis Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Development of Maize-Tigernut Fortified Weaning Food Using Starter Cultures

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1444-1457页

作者： Sherifah Monilola Wakil joshua Opeyemi Ola Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The effects of starter fermentation on the nutritional qualities of maize-tigernut fortified weaning foods were investigated. The dry-milled, malted maize grains fortified with dry-milled roasted tigernut flours (70:30) were subjected to 48 hrs of spontaneous and starter fermentation (singly and as combined starters). Nutritional, sensory characteristics and feeding trials of the weaning foods were evaluated. Four fermented weaning blends were formulated: FMT (spontaneously fermented maize-tigernut), SFMT1 (Lactobacillus plantarum F2C fermented maize-tigernut), SFMT2 (Lactobacillus plantarum U2A fermented maize-tigernut) and SFMT3 (combined starter-fermented maize-tigernut). SFMT2 had the highest crude protein, fat, fibre, ash and least carbohydrate content among the blends. The highest energy content (456.84 Kcal/100 g) was observed in blend SMFT2 which was also higher than that of both negative (Nutrend) and positive (Conventional animal feed) controls. The least antinutrient and vitamin contents were recorded in SFMT2. blend SFMT1 had the highest Vitamin b1 (0.67 mg/100 g), Vitamin A (472.60 ug/100 g), phosphorus (75.45 mg/100 g) and zinc (1.05 mg/100 g) contents while the highest calcium (17.17 mg/100 g) and iron (22.82 mg/100 g) were recorded in SFMT2. Sample SFMT2 was rated the highest in all of the sensory characteristics except colour and the highest overall acceptability (6.00) which was not different significantly from all other starter produce blends. biological evaluation showed blend SFMT2 fed animals having the highest weight by 28 days (73.14 g), mean weight gain (5.46 g), mean feed intake (18.71 g) and mean protein efficiency ratio PER (3.65). However, all the PER values including that of controls (2.30) were higher than the value of 2.10 recommended by the Protein Advisory Group (PAG) for complementary foods. The RbC, WbC and PCV of the trial groups were within the rat hematologic reference ranges. blend SFMT2 (L. plantarum U2A fermented blend) gave

关键词： Fortification Tigernut Nutritional Evaluation biological Evaluation Starter-Fermentation

Allelopathic Potential of Some Crop Residues on the Germination and Growth of Soybean （Glycine max L,） Merrill

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(b) 2012年第10期2卷 1057-1061页

作者： Modupe Janet Ayeni joshua Kayode Department of Plant Science Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti 360101 Nigeria

Allelopathic potentials of aqueous water extracts from residues of sorghum stem, maize inflorescence and rice husks on the germination of soybeans （Glycine max. L.） were investigated. The result showed that the extracts brought about a considerable inhibition in the germination of soybean seeds, reductions in the radicle and plumule lengths of soybean seedlings. Whereas, the extracts of maize inflorescence and rice husk had more inhibitory effects on the growth of soybean radicle, all the three extracts demonstrated pronounced inhibitory effects on the growth of the plumule. The retardation of soybean germination, radicle and plumule growths were concentration dependents as the degree of retardations increases with increase in the concentration of the extracts. Statistical analysis （ANOVA, P = 0.05） revealed that there were no significant differences in the germination, radicle and plumule growths at 24 and 48 h experimental time when compared to the control. However, statistical differences abound in the growth parameters at 72 and 144 h experimental time.

关键词： Allelopathic allelochemicals crop residues Glycine max.

Transcriptome Analysis of Drought Induced Stress in <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第3期5卷 338-357页

作者： joshua A. Raney Derrick J. Reynolds David b. Elzinga Justin Page joshua A. Udall Eric N. Jellen Alejandro bonfacio Daniel J. Fairbanks Peter J. Maughan A. bonifacio Fundacion PROINPA Cochabamba Bolivia Department of biology Utah Valley University Orem Utah Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo Utah

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a halophytic, allotetraploid grain crop of the Amaranthaceae family with impressive drought tolerance, nutritional content and an increasing worldwide market. Here we report the results of an RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of Chenopodium quinoa using four water treatments (field capacity to drought) on the varieties “Ingapirca” (representing valley ecotypes) and “Ollague” (representing Altiplano Salares ecotypes). Physiological results, including growth rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and stem water potential, support the earlier findings that the Altiplano Salares ecotypes display greater tolerance to drought-like stress conditions than the valley ecotypes. cDNA libraries from root tissue samples for each variety × treatment combination were sequenced using Illumina Hi-Seq technology in an RNA-seq experiment. De novo assembly of the transcriptome generated 20,337 unique transcripts. Gene expression analysis of the RNA-seq data identified 462 putative gene products that showed differential expression based on treatment, and 27 putative gene products differentially expressed based on variety × treatment, including significant expression differences in root tissue in response to increasing water stress. bLAST searches and gene ontology analysis show an overlap between drought tolerance stress and other abiotic stress mechanisms.

关键词： Quinoa Drought Tolerance RNA-Seq Transcriptome Assembly