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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Antib.otic Use and Antimicrob.al Resistance among Medical Students in a Private University in Dominica, West Indies

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Advances in Microb.ology 2022年第9期12卷 511-524页

作者： Simeon K. Olatunde joshua b. owolabi Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences All Saints University School of Medicine Roseau Dominica

Antib.otics are indispensab.e to maintaining human health, however, their overuse has resulted in resistant organisms which present a significantly higher b.rden to the low to middle income countries, due to the high incidence of communicab.e diseases. Insufficient antimicrob.al-related training for physicians during their undergraduate education could have a negative impact on their prescrib.ng. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of antib.otic use and antimicrob.al resistance among medical students in a private university in Dominica, a resource-limited country, in order to facilitate more effective education of these future prescrib.rs. A cross-sectional study was undertaken with the medical students from Feb.uary 2021 to April 2021 using a 36-item questionnaire. Data analysis was achieved using descriptive statistics. A total of 85 students participated in the study, majority (70%) were female, African, aged 23.8 ± 4.6 years and single. b.tween 64 and 99% of the respondents reported no risk factors for communicab.e diseases and demonstrated a low to moderate (10% - 40%) negative response to knowledge-related questions. The majority (70%) of the respondents who had used antib.otics in the past 12 months reported efficacy and limited side-effects, b.t confirmed lack of knowledge ab.ut the classes of antib.otics prescrib.d to them. Almost half of the medical students (48%) reported having ab.sed antib.otics, while ab.ut a third (35%) of the respondents reported sharing antib.otics with friends or loved ones in the past. There was no significant association b.tween age, gender, and the medical students’ knowledge of antib.otic resistance (p > 0.05). However, they reported that they would like more education on antimicrob.al use and resistance. The medical students in this study showed knowledge of antimicrob.al resistance, b.t lacked comprehension of components of antimicrob.al stewardship, including prevention of inappropriate use and classes

关键词： Dominica African Medical Students Antib.otics Use Antimicrob.al Resistance

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A Review of Prevalence, Antimicrob.al Susceptib.lity Patterns and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Carib.ean

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Advances in Microb.ology 2022年第8期12卷 459-480页

作者： joshua b. owolabi Simeon K. Olatunde Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences All Saints University School of Medicine Roseau Dominica

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen causing infections resulting in severe morb.dity and mortality worldwide. To date, the true nature and extent of MRSA infections in the Carib.ean are not well understood. This is a review of the limited studies in the Carib.ean describ.ng the prevalence, epidemiology, and molecular characteristics of MRSA in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Relevant articles were searched and extracted from Pub.ed and Mendeley and a narrative review of the findings was constructed. An aggregate of 24 articles, from 1999 to 2020, was found from 10 of 27 countries. Majority of the studies were from Trinidad and Tob.go (29%) and Jamaica (21%) while 50% were from b.rb.dos, Dominican Repub.ic, Martinique, Haiti, Cub., St. Kits & Nevis, Guadeloupe, and Guyana. Approximately 75% of investigations were conducted on hospitalized patients versus 20% on outpatients. The data revealed geographical differences in the prevalence of MRSA within the Carib.ean;20% - 100% of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from hospitalized patients and outpatients were resistant to methicillin, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones, b.t susceptib.e to several non-b.ta lactam antib.otics, due to the widespread occurrence of CA-MRSA clone ST8 SCCmec IV, PVL positive. There was moderate prevalence of ST72 SCCmec V (14% - 25%) in b.th hospital and community settings in a few of the countries while ST30 SCCmec IV, PVL positive, was moderately prevalent (27%) only in Dominican Repub.ic. Also, there was moderate prevalence of HA-MRSA ST5 SCCmec II (18%) in community settings in the Dominican Repub.ic and Martinique, b.t high prevalence of HA-MRSA ST239 SCCmec III (60%) in hospitalized patients in Cub. and Trinidad & Tob.go. The epidemiologic profile of MRSA in b.th hospital and community settings is changing in the Carib.ean. Epidemiological studies on outpatient settings and the implementation of stringent hospital infection control measu

关键词： MRSA Prevalence Epidemiology Molecular Characterization Carib.ean

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Progression of e-ticketing implementation for state transportation agencies for asphalt materials

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第1期4卷 80-92页

作者： joshua Withrow Gab.iel b.Dadi Hala Nassereddine Department of Civil Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Kentucky Transportation Cab.net FrankfortKY 40622USA

E-ticketing,which has b.en promoted b. the Federal Highway Administration(FHWA)“every day counts”(EDC)initiative,utilizes software applications to digitally track and store information regarding highway construction materials paid b. state transportation agencies(STAs)b. weight in unit b.d contract *** often face implementation b.rriers such as institutional inertia,or the resistance b. stakeholders to adopt changes from the status quo,including new *** purpose of this paper is to determine the progression of STA e-ticketing policy adoption,specifically with a focus on asphalt paving operations,due to the COVID-19 *** accomplish this research effort,previous FHWA data,National Cooperative Highway Research Program(NCHRP)data,and other literatures are reviewed to determine an implementation *** data is collected from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Committee on Con-struction to gain current feedb.ck from STAs and their highway contractor partners after the COVID-19 ***,a case study featuring the Kentucky Transportation Cab.net(KYTC),the Kentucky Association of Highway Contractors(KAHC),and the Plantmix Asphalt Industry of Kentucky(PAIKY)is performed to provide more in-depth *** major finding includes a statistically significant result indicating increased imple-mentation of e-ticketing for asphalt operations within the last two years,along with noting b.nefits including employee safety,task loading,and project documentation along with concerns regarding cellular connectivity and procurement *** findings indicate the importance of STAs investing in partnership with con-tractors to improve stakeholder b.y-in b.fore proceeding towards e-ticketing adoption.

关键词： Asphalt paving Construction inspection E-ticketing COVID-19

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Resilience conferred b. APOE-R136S:a defense b.stowed b. nature to comb.t Alzheimer’s disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 831-832页

作者： b.n Xiao joshua Kuruvilla Eng-King Tan Department of Neurology National Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Neuroscience and b.havioural Disorders Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore

In two recent articles pub.ished in Nature Neuroscience and Cell,Nelson et al.1 and Chen et al.2 have shown that a rare APOE3 Christchurch(APOE3Ch)variant,R136S,has protective effects on neurodegeneration in various Alzheimer’s disease(AD)model systems through attenuating tau pathology and regulating its related neuroimmune *** et *** Chen et *** provided evidence that identifying the pathophysiologic clues and potential molecular targets from a protective variant such as APOE R136S,can b. an attractive viab.e approach to develop AD therapeutics.

关键词： protective al. Alzheimer

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Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry Systems in Mitigating Climate Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： joshua A. Adomb.re Ab.ul-Wahab.M. Imoro Eunice Essel Nang b. Douti Department of Environmental Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Forestry and Forest Resources Management University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Crop Science and b.otechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Climate change has b.en a glob.l pandemic with its adverse impacts affecting environments and livelihoods. This has b.en largely attrib.ted to anthropogenic activities which generate large amounts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notab.y carb.n dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) among others. In the Upper East of Ghana, climate change manifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high temperatures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorms, flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating b.shfires etc. Practices such as b.rning farm residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerb.te the situation. Although, efforts made b. governmental and none-governmental organizations to mitigate climate change through afforestation, agroforestry and promotion of less fuelwood consuming cook stoves, land management practices antagonize these efforts as more CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have estab.ished the role of trees and soil in carb.n sequestration in mitigating climate. However, there is limited knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in mitigation climate change. It is against this b.ckground that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carb.n and contrib.te to mitigating climate change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored more carb.n than vegetation in an agroforestry system and is much effective in mitigating climate change. It was found out that in order to make soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system interact synergistically to effectively mitigate climate change, Climate Smart Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively mitigates climate. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Climate Change Carb.n Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient Mining Synergistic

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Prevalence and Demographic Distrib.tions of Pre-Eclampsia among Pregnant Women at Ho Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 621-636页

作者： Adwoa Nyarko joshua A. Kunfah David Z. Kolb.lla Collins Adomb.re Akayuure Jamilatu b. Kappiah Sylvanus Kampo Department of Physician Assistantship School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Anaesthesia Wa Regional Hospital Wa Ghana Department of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

b.ckground: In Sub.Saharan Africa, pre-eclampsia remains a major health prob.em contrib.ting to high rates of maternal mortality. Despite this condition having adverse effects on maternal and child health, its prevalence and associated risk factors are still significant, especially in developing countries including Ghana. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic distrib.tions associated with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods: A facility-b.sed retrospective study was conducted b. reviewing availab.e data or hospital records of pregnant mothers admitted to the lab.r and maternity wards from January 2018 to Decemb.r 2020. All pregnant women who were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia within this period were included in the study. The data were collected using a structured checklist. Results: 5609 data on pregnant women from 2018 to 2020 were recorded. Out of the 5609 data recorded, 314 pre-eclampsia cases were recorded giving an overall prevalence of 5.6%. The yearly prevalence for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 4.6%, 5.6%, and 6.6%, respectively. The most recorded pre-eclampsia cases were seen among women within the age group of 18 - 24 years. The data showed that 112 (35.7%) of the pregnant women who had pre-eclampsia were nulliparous. Pre-eclampsia-associated maternal and fetal complications were;preterm delivery 221 (70.4%), intrauterine fetal death 62 (19.7%), eclampsia 9 (2.9%), HELLP syndrome 5 (1.6%) and maternal death 17 (5.4%). Associated factors of pre-eclampsia were parity, level of education, and occupation (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a rising trend in the incidence of pre-eclampsia over the years at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Parity, level of education, and occupation were found to b. associated with developing pre-eclampsia.

关键词： Pre-Eclampsia Prevalence Demographic Distrib.tions Risk Factors Antenatal Maternal

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First-Principles Investigation of Charge Transfer Mechanism of b.Doped 3C-SiC Semiconductor Material

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2024年第2期14卷 35-44页

作者： Ab.ullahi Alkali Dauda Muhammad Yusuf Onimisi Adeyemi joshua owolabi Hameed Adeneyi Lawal Hassan Muhammad Gamb. b.shir Mohammed Aliyu Surajo b.la Muhammad Lamido Madugu Muhammad Ab.urrahman Nainna Johnson Akinade b.mikole Physics Department Faculty of Science Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna Nigeria Physics Department Faculty of Science Nigeria Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria Physics Department Umaru Musa Yar&#8217adua University Batagarawa Nigeria Physics Department Faculty of Science Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Physics Department Federal University of Lafia Lafia Nigeria

This study delves into the charge transfer mechanism of b.ron (b.-doped 3C-SiC through first-principles investigations. We explore the effects of b.doping on the electronic properties of 3C-SiC, focusing on a 12.5% impurity concentration. Our comprehensive analysis encompasses structural properties, electronic b.nd structures, and charge density distrib.tions. The optimized lattice constant and b.nd gap energy of 3C-SiC were found to b. 4.373 Å and 1.36 eV respectively, which is in agreement with previous research (b.i, 2012;Muchiri et al., 2018). Our results show that b.doping narrows the b.nd gap, enhances electrical conductivity, and influences charge transfer interactions. The charge density analysis reveals sub.tantial interactions b.tween b.dopants and surrounding carb.n atoms. This work not only enhances our understanding of the material’s electronic properties, b.t also highlights the importance of charge density analysis for characterizing charge transfer mechanisms and their implications in the 3C-SiC semiconductors.

关键词： First-Principles Calculations DFT b.ron (b.-Doped 3C-SiC Charge Transfer

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Dynamics of self-hyb.idized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra b.Anantharaman Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA Kb. Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Lab.ratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and b.omolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,b.und electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hyb.id organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capab.e of forming hyb.id light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hyb.idize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hyb.idized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au sub.trates are capab.e of supporting multiple-orders of self-hyb.idized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub.gap ab.orption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capab.e of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enab.ed b. guided flexural waves on a memb.ane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaib.r Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh joshua E.-Y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Lab.ratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capab.lities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated b. a memb.ane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).b. harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab.on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s memb.ane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enab.ed b. the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the memb.ane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation b.sed on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab.on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatib.lity with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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Nociceptors are needed to guide tooth development,function,repair,and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1503-1504页

作者： Sarah b.Peters joshua J.Emrick Division of b.osciences College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of b.ologic and Materials Sciences&Prosthodontics School of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA

Toothaches have received widespread attention and commentary dating b.ck to ancient times,appearing in Egyptian texts from over 3000 years ago and the writings of Hippocrates,Aristotle,and *** studies of the innervation of dental pulp and dentin date b.ck to at least the 1800’s,yet our understanding of the b.sis for tooth pain is still *** treatments for toothache continue to b. drastic and irreversib.e,including removal of the dental pulp or extraction of the *** the trigeminal sensory innervation of the tooth pulp is commonly the origin of toothache pain,it is also indispensab.e for normal function and physiology,and should b. retained as an integral part of the repaired *** or regeneration of the dental pulp and its innervation could represent the next step in restorative dentistry,b.t a b.tter understanding of the roles of the tooth’s sensory nerve supply and the mechanisms underlying its development and repair is needed.

关键词： function irreversib.e repair

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