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Subthreshold laser systems:a narrative review of the current status and advancements for retinal diseases

Annals of Eye Science 2022年第2期7卷 38-58页

作者： joshua ong Amrish Selvam Dmitrii SMaltsev Xinyuan Zhang Lihteh Wu Jay Chhablani Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Ophthalmology Military Medical AcademySt.PetersburgRussia Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren Eye CenterTongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Macula Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Illinois School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA

Background and Objective:Subthreshold laser therapy has emerged as a therapeutic alternative to traditional laser photocoagulation for certain ophthalmic diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR),diabetic macular edema(DME),macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO),and age-related macular degeneration(AMD).The objective of this paper is to review and discuss the clinical applications of subthreshold laser and the mechanisms of different subthreshold laser techniques including subthreshold micropulse laser(SMPL),selective retina therapy(SRT),subthreshold nanosecond laser(SNL),endpoint management(EpM),and transpupillary thermotherapy(TTT).Methods:A narrative review of English literature and publicly available information published before November 2021 from literature databases and computerized *** discuss the currently available subthreshold laser systems and the advancements made to perform different subthreshold laser techniques for various ophthalmic *** highlight various clinical studies and therapeutic techniques that have been conducted to further understand the effectiveness of subthreshold laser in the clinical *** conclude the article by covering emerging subthreshold laser systems that are currently being developed for future clinical *** PubMed database was utilized for peer-reviewed articles and pertinent information on subthreshold systems was cited from publicly available online websites covering specific *** Content and Findings:Various subthreshold laser systems have been developed to treat certain retinal *** systems are currently in development for future clinical ***:While conventional laser photocoagulation has been effective in treating various retinal diseases,subthreshold laser systems aim to provide a therapeutic effect without visible signs of damage to the underlying *** technology may be particularly effective in treating macular di

关键词： Subthreshold laser micropulse laser retina central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR) diabetic macular edema(DME)

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Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Space Medicine

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 363-369页

作者： Ethan Waisberg joshua ong Phani Paladugu Sharif Amit Kamran Nasif Zaman Andrew G.Lee Alireza Tavakkoli University College Dublin School of Medicine BelfieldDublinIreland Michigan Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Human-Machine Perception Laboratory Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of NevadaRenoRenoNevadaUSA Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Department of Ophthalmology Blanton Eye InstituteHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA

The human body undergoes many changes during long-duration spaceflight including musculoskeletal,visual,and behavioral *** of these microgravity-induced effects serve as potential barriers to future exploration *** advent of artificial intelligence(AI)in medicine has progressed rapidly and has many promising applications for maintaining and monitoring astronaut health during ***,the austere environment and unique nature of spaceflight present with challenges in successfully training and deploying successful systems for upholding astronaut health and mission *** this article,the dynamic barriers facing AI development in space medicine are *** diverse challenges range from limited astronaut data for algorithm training to ethical/legal considerations in deploying automated diagnostic systems in the setting of the medically limited space *** to address these challenges is then discussed and future directions for this emerging field of research.

关键词： legal directions barriers

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背1遍, 就想上考场

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1000年

作者： (美) joshua ong ... [等] 编录

全书完整收录最新《大学英语教学大纲词汇表》中要求的单词, 并分类为词串记忆及词伙记忆。

ISBN: (纸本)9787894624062

全书完整收录最新《大学英语教学大纲词汇表》中要求的单词, 并分类为词串记忆及词伙记忆。

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Current systems and recent developments of subthreshold laser systems in glaucoma:a narrative review

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第3期7卷 38-54页

作者： Amrish Selvam joshua ong Rajesh S.Kumar Jay Chhablani Dmitrii S.Maltsev Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Ophthalmology Military Medical AcademySt.PetersburgRussia

Background and Objective:Subthreshold laser technologies and their applications in ophthalmology have greatly expanded in the past few *** used for retinal diseases such as central serous chorioretinopathy and diabetic macular edema,subthreshold lasers have recently shown efficacy in the treatment of various types of *** primary objectives are to review the clinical applications of subthreshold laser in the context of glaucoma treatment and discuss the mechanisms of different subthreshold laser techniques,including subthreshold selective laser trabeculoplasty(SSLT),micropulse laser trabeculoplasty(MLT),pattern-scanning laser trabeculoplasty(PSLT),titanium laser trabeculoplasty(TLT),and micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(MP-TSCPC).Methods:This was a narrative review compiled from literature of PubMed and Google *** review was performed from March 2021 to October 2021 and included publications in *** also included information from web pages to cover details of relevant laser *** discuss the history of subthreshold laser,recent advancements in subthreshold techniques,and commercially available systems that provide subthreshold capabilities for *** highlight basic science and clinical studies that deepen the understanding of treatment mechanisms and treatment effectiveness in the clinical setting *** review commonly used parameters for each technique and provide comparisons to conventional *** Content and Findings:We found five distinct types of subthreshold laser used in the management of *** subthreshold laser systems are commercially available and can provide this ***,understanding the differences between subthreshold techniques and laser systems will be critical in utilizing subthreshold laser in the clinical ***:Traditional laser trabeculoplasty(LT)and cyclophotocoagulation(CPC)have shown effectiveness in the treatment of various type

关键词： Subthreshold laser cyclophotocoagulation(CPC) micropulse laser laser trabeculoplasty(LT) glaucoma

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Automated generation and ensemble-learned matching of X-ray absorption spectra

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 566-574页

作者： Chen Zheng Kiran Mathew Chi Chen Yiming Chen Hanmei Tang Alan Dozier joshua J.Kas Fernando D.Vila John J.Rehr Louis F.J.Piper Kristin A.Persson Shyue Ping ong Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveMail Code 0448La JollaCA 92093-0448USA Department of Materials Science University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Division of Applied Research and Technology National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease ControlCincinnatiOH 45226USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyBinghamton UniversityBinghamtonNY 13902USA Materials Science&Engineering Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNY 13902USA

X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)is a widely used materials characterization technique to determine oxidation states,coordination environment,and other local atomic structure *** of XAS relies on comparison of measured spectra to reliable reference ***,existing databases of XAS spectra are highly limited both in terms of the number of reference spectra available as well as the breadth of chemistry *** this work,we report the development of XASdb,a large database of computed reference XAS,and an Ensemble-Learned Spectra IdEntification(ELSIE)algorithm for the matching of *** currently hosts more than 800,000 K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectra(XANES)for over 40,000 materials from the open-science Materials Project *** discuss a high-throughput automation framework for FEFF calculations,built on robust,rigorously benchmarked *** is a computer program uses a real-space Green’s function approach to calculate X-ray absorption *** will demonstrate that the ELSIE algorithm,which combines 33 weak“learners”comprising a set of preprocessing steps and a similarity metric,can achieve up to 84.2% accuracy in identifying the correct oxidation state and coordination environment of a test set of 19 K-edge XANES spectra encompassing a diverse range of chemistries and crystal *** XASdb with the ELSIE algorithm has been integrated into a web application in the Materials Project,providing an important new public resource for the analysis of XAS to all materials ***,the ELSIE algorithm itself has been made available as part of veidt,an open source machine-learning library for materials science.

关键词： matching XANES ensemble

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在线患者社区的强关系和弱关系——从社会资本视角分析

在线患者社区的强关系和弱关系——从社会资本视角分析

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作者：杜昭文(joshua Stephen Dulberg) 哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

医患沟通是病人顺利康复的关键性因素,在医疗行业中扮演着重要作用。然而,关乎患者健康的医患沟通却受到多方因素挑战,这些挑战不仅局限于医疗资源短缺,还包括其他高效医患沟通的阻碍因素。网络医疗,例如在线医疗社区,为信息交流和在线... 详细信息

医患沟通是病人顺利康复的关键性因素,在医疗行业中扮演着重要作用。然而,关乎患者健康的医患沟通却受到多方因素挑战,这些挑战不仅局限于医疗资源短缺,还包括其他高效医患沟通的阻碍因素。网络医疗,例如在线医疗社区,为信息交流和在线医患沟通提供了新的平台。然而,虽然已有显著性结果证明在线医疗社区对患者恢复产生的巨大作用,但是就在线医疗社区对于医生的实际作用的实证研究却极度缺乏。甚至过多的研究却集中在等式其中一边的需求方(患者方),反而对公式的另一边,即供给方(医生方)的研究角度多为医疗效率、质量和成本。这些研究角度都是从患者的终极利益出发而来,而与医生利益无关。虽然对于医患沟通方面已经存在大量描述性研究和实验性研究,但是医疗咨询过程中产生的数据和结果则有待完整研究。出现这种情况是有原因的,如ong援引:第一,医患关系是最复杂的社会人际关系之一;第二,医患关系涉及不同阶层个人间的交流互动;第三,医患关系可能生死攸关,因此会出现主观情绪问题;第四,医患关系的理顺需要紧密合作。(ong et al.1995)。在多数医学研究中,医生和患者被视为生活在不同世界中的两个群体(Kenny et al.2010)。但是上文引用的数据则适于从动态角度而不是数据角度探讨医患互动问题。本研究希望通过以往经验,评价医生于在线医疗社区内的个人成果,以弥补上述研究不足之处。本研究以社会资本和社会关系为指导原则,评价在一个在线医疗社区医患关系中供给方于在线医疗社区的成功运作。本研究同时采用结构方程建模(SEM),列举来自1,430个医生的339,010个医患沟通案例,信息皆源自中国现存的最大的在线医疗社区网站―好大夫‖(***)。本研究表明,通过该种经验主义研究法,不论关系大小与否,都可为社会资本投资带来预期收益(例如经济效益和社会效益),其动力源自社会资本理论中阐述的认知投资。另外,本研究还说明,医生可通过该网站的合理使用,改善医患关系。然而,人们尚未采取足够的理论方法或实证方法以更好地理解医患关系的本质。对于医患沟通领域的研究,现存研究方法大多分为两种,一种是以参与者为中心的研究方法,例如参与者的观念和行为(callahanandbertakis1993),另一种是以过程为中心的研究方法,例如由观察总结出的互动频率或特定话题(makouletal.1995),观察过程符合定性数据规律(例如问卷调查,采访),而定性数据只可以对医患关系的两极性(好或坏)作出评估,无法给出医患关系的具体程度。问卷调查法是医患关系研究中极为普遍的研究方法。原因如ong所言—由于人类情感认知的变化,定性数据不易获取,而且,医患关系的细节在很多情况下无法通过人类天性根据以往经验判断或,有时甚至由于保密问题无法获取。一项理论依据并以包含―强‖、―弱‖关系的实证研究将其证实。在强关系中涉及时间更长、情感更丰富,关系也更加亲密,而―弱‖关系中,这些因素水平则大大降低。这样,个人会通过时间、努力和货币资源的投入以巩固社会关系(pénardandpoussing2010)。医患沟通领域的研究(fordandhall2004;hojatetal.2011;inuietal.1982)也显示,通过提高沟通水平,例如更好的态度,医患关系中会涉及更多的情感支持和感同身受,从而使其得到大大改善。另外,在社交网络研究领域中,关系的强弱程度也可说明个人关系的价值(gilbertandkarahalios2009;granovetter1973)。在线医疗社区中有一些机制,方便医生进行涉及个人情感较多、较频繁的医患互动。例如,医生可以于在线医疗社区内建立与歌手的追星族俱乐部形式相同的自己的―会员患者社区‖,这将对改善医患关系产生积极影响。同样,我们假定通过合理使用在线医疗社区,医生可能将弱医患关系转化为强医患关系。本研究通过网络蜘蛛搜集2014年12月网站中可用的大量可用公共信息,数据包括跨领域数据(例如医生信息,如省、市、医院、医院级别、医院科室、医生专业、感谢信、在线咨询数量、涉及患者总数、支持医生的患者数、电话咨询总数、礼物总数、个人咨询、医生评级和在线评级)和从医生第一次在线活动到数据采集日止的医患沟通历史互动记录(例如在线咨询过程中个人信息以外的具体内容记录、历史话题和pmc中的内容)。该项观察随机抽取了来自28个科室的7,506位在线医生中的1,430位,这些医生于在线医疗社区中提供公开电话咨询服务和pmc,以研究医生中可以同时获得经济利益和社会效益的数据样本。在1,430个观察样本中中涉及339,010次医患在线咨询服务,包括1,252,968次医患互动(医生平均服务次数为237次/人)。由于数据量庞大(1.71G),使用数据库(DBMS:SQLite Expert P r o

关键词：社会资源医生与患者的交流上线医疗沟通社会关系

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Author Correction:Automated generation and ensemblelearned matching of X-ray absorption spectra

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 477-477页

Correction to:npj Computational Materials https://***/10.1038/s41524-018-0067-x,published online 20 March 2018 The following text has been added to the Acknowledgements section:“*** support from the National Science ... 详细信息

关键词： matching knowledge ensemble

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