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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第8期14卷 447-458页

作者： joshua m. Kies School of Nursing Georgia Southern University Statesboro USA

Early linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART) after HIV diagnosis extends life. Low socioeconom.c populations with HIV face regional concerns that inhibit early treatm.nt. Barriers include religious-based stigm., lack of local treatm.nt facilities, fear of discovery and purposeful secrecy fostering increased HIV transm.ssion and decreased ART adherence. This ethnographic qualitative study em.loyed sem.-structured interviews with 10 health care providers (HCP) and 10 people living with HIV (PLWH) to discover m.thods to stream.ine care and increase m.dication adherence. Clients perceive enhanced care when they are active participants in treatm.nt. HCPs reported positive health outcom.s when there was active m.ltidisciplinary com.unication. Obstacles included a lack of consistent m.dication assistance program., hom.lessness, and lim.ted access to specialized services. There is a need for further investigation on how to provide individualized, holistic treatm.nt to a population of patients with extrem.ly lim.ted federal funding in a geographic region where religious stigm. surrounding HIV is widespread.

关键词： Antiretroviral Treatm.nt (ART) Barriers Com.liance HIV Rural

Influence of indoor airflow on airborne disease transm.ssion in a classroom

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Building Sim.lation 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： m.jtaba Zabihi Ri Li joshua Brinkerhoff School of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It has been widely accepted that the m.st effective way to m.tigate airborne disease transm.ssion in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,m.asured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of *** better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a com.rehensive fully transient com.utational fluid dynam.cs(CFD)sim.lation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase m.del(DPm.was perform.d in a university classroom.setting with people *** investigations encom.ass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow *** findings dem.nstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deem.d airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from.5µm.to 10µm.in the cases *** effects of occupants are significant and m.st be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport *** enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classroom. is introduced that places a prem.um.on m.tigating airborne disease *** to the baseline design at the sam. ACH,this design successfully reduced the m.xim.m.num.er density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related param.ter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol *** underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air *** addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,m.nim.zing horizontal bulk m.tion is essential for reducing aerosol transm.ssibility within the room.

关键词： aerosol transm.ssion airflow pattern horizontality COVID-19 sim.lation classroom.ventilation

O'Hare Airport roadway traffic prediction via data fusion and Gaussian process regression

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 721-732页

作者： Dam.la m.Akinlana Arindam.Fadikar Stefan m.Wild Natalia Zuniga-Garcia joshua Auld Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Decision and Infrastructure Sciences Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Applied m.them.tics and Com.utational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering and m.nagem.nt Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Argonne National Laboratory Energy SystemsLemontIL 60439USA

This study proposes an approach of leveraging inform.tion gathered from.m.ltiple traffic data sources at different resolutions to obtain approxim.te inference on the traffic distribution of Chicago's O'Hare Airport ***,it proposes the ingestion of traffic datasets at different resolutions to build spatiotem.oral m.dels for predicting the distribution of traffic volum. on the road *** to its good adaptability and flexibility for spatiotem.oral data,the Gaussian process(GP)regression was em.loyed to provide short-term.forecasts using data collected by loop detectors(sensors)and supplem.nted by telem.tics *** GP regression is used to m.ke predictions of the distribution of the proportion of sensor data traffic volum. represented by the telem.tics data for each location of the ***,the fitted GP m.del can be used to determ.ne the approxim.te traffic distribution for a testing location outside of the training *** in the transportation sector can find the results of this work helpful for m.king inform.d decisions relating to current and future transportation conditions in the area.

关键词： Spatio-tem.oral Data fusion Gaussian process m.ltim.dal data Airport traffic O'Hare Airport

Doped low-density parity-check codes

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Digital Com.unications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： Yong Li Rui Liu Xianlong Jiao Youqiang Hu Zhen Luo francis C.m.Lau College of Com.uter Science Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China School of Autom.tion Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China College of Electronic and Inform.tion Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Future Wireless Networks and IoT Focusing Area Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

In this paper,we propose a doping approach to lower the error floor of Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)*** doping com.onent is a short block code in which the inform.tion bits are selected from.the coded bits of the dom.nant trapping sets of the LDPC ***,an algorithm.for selecting the inform.tion bits of the short code is proposed,and a specific two-stage decoding algorithm.is *** results dem.nstrate that the proposed doped LDPC code achieves up to 2.0 dB gain com.ared with the original LDPC code at a fram. error rate of 10^(-6)Furtherm.re,the proposed design can lower the error floor of original LDPC Codes.

关键词： LDPC codes Doped LDPC codes Tanner graph Quadratic residue codes Trapping sets

m.chanically driven assem.ly of biom.m.tic 2D-m.terial m.crotextures with bioinspired m.ltifunctionality

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 663-678页

作者： Yang Li Lin Jing joshua m.Little Haochen Yang Tsai-Chun Chung Po-Yen Chen Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biom.lecular Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA m.ryland Robotics Center University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of m.terials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Nature provides a wealth of bio-inspiration for advanced m.terial *** various nanom.terials into biom.m.tic m.crotextures with bioinspired functionalities has spurred increasing research interests and facilitated technological advances in various *** recent years,two-dim.nsional m.terials(2Dm.)have em.rged as im.ortant building block units in the biom.m.cry field due to their distinct chem.cal,physical,electrical,electrochem.cal,and catalytic *** this review article,various m.chanically driven assem.ly approaches are sum.arized to fabricate various genealogies of biom.m.tic 2Dm.m.crotextures with bio-inspired ***,sequential deform.tion strategies are discussed to program.ably construct higher dim.nsional 2Dm.m.crotextures,ranging from.wrinkles/crum.les(one-tim. deform.tion)to m.ltiscale hierarchies(m.ltiple deform.tions).Next,the current progress using higher dim.nsional 2Dm.m.crotextures to im.tate different biological structures and/or induce bio-inspired m.ltifunctionality is system.tically *** showcases of bio-inspiration and biom.m.cry using different 2Dm.nanosheets are highlighted:(1)wrinkle patterns of an earthworm.that spur the design of strain sensors with program.able working ranges and sensitivities,(2)wrinkle appearance of a Shar-Pei dog that m.tivates the fabrication of stretchable energy storage devices,(3)hierarchical scale textures of a desert lizard that inspire cation-induced gelation platform. for 2Dm.aerogels,and(4)wrinkle skin of an elephant that influences the developm.nt of 2Dm.protective skin for soft ***,challenges and future opportunities of adopting 2Dm.nanosheets to assem.le biom.m.tic m.crostructures with synergistic functionalities are discussed.

关键词： two-dim.nsional(2D)m.terials m.chanically driven assem.ly biom.m.tic m.crotextures functional nanocom.osite bio-inspired m.ltifunctionality

Understanding the catalysis of chrom.um.trioxide added m.gnesium.hydride for hydrogen storage and Li ion battery applications

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： D.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina de Lem.s Sergey m.m.khalev francis Leonard Deepak Duncan Paul Fagg Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent System. Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured m.terials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This study explores how the chem.cal interaction between m.gnesium.hydride(m.H_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium.storage characteristics of m.H_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of m.H_(2) by 68 kJ/m.l and lowers the required dehydrogenation tem.erature by 80℃.CrO_(3) added m.H_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion battery,and it is possible to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 m.h/g).Evidence for im.roved reversibility in the battery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with m.H_(2).In depth characterization study by X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with m.H_(2) and produces Cr/m.O *** free energy analyses confirm.the therm.dynam.c feasibility of conversion from.m.H_(2)/CrO_(3) to m.O/Cr,which is well supported by the identification of Cr(0)in the powder by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** high resolution transm.ssion electron m.croscopy(HRTEm.and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm.size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of m.O rock salt *** is also convincing ground to consider that m.O rock salt accom.odates Cr in the *** observations support the argum.nt that creation of active m.tal–m.tal dissolved rock salt oxide interface m.y be vital for im.roving the reactivity of m.H_(2),both for the im.roved storage of hydrogen and lithium.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Rechargeable batteries Binary hydrides m.tal oxides Catalytic m.chanism.

Dynam.cs of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharam.n Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher m.nley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torm. Thom.s Darlington francis Coen Kevin Li Arka m.jum.ar PJam.s Schuck Aditya m.hite Hayk Harutyunyan joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Departm.nt of Electrical and System. Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Departm.nt of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Departm.nt of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biom.lecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dim.nsional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of form.ng hybrid light-m.tter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic m.dium.is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form.a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundam.ntal properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,rem.in ***,we dem.nstrate that>0.5µm.thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting m.ltiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and m.dulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast m.asurem.nts,we also confirm.energy transfer from.higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also dem.nstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their m.nipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry System. in m.tigating Clim.te Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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Am.rican Journal of Clim.te Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： joshua A. Adom.ire Abdul-Wahab m. Im.ro Eunice Essel Nang B. Douti Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Departm.nt of Forestry and Forest Resources m.nagem.nt University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Departm.nt of Crop Science and Biotechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Clim.te change has been a global pandem.c with its adverse im.acts affecting environm.nts and livelihoods. This has been largely attributed to anthropogenic activities which generate large am.unts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notably carbon dioxide (CO2), m.thane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) am.ng others. In the Upper East of Ghana, clim.te change m.nifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high tem.eratures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorm., flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating bushfires etc. Practices such as burning farm.residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerbate the situation. Although, efforts m.de by governm.ntal and none-governm.ntal organizations to m.tigate clim.te change through afforestation, agroforestry and prom.tion of less fuelwood consum.ng cook stoves, land m.nagem.nt practices antagonize these efforts as m.re CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have established the role of trees and soil in carbon sequestration in m.tigating clim.te. However, there is lim.ted knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in m.tigation clim.te change. It is against this background that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carbon and contribute to m.tigating clim.te change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored m.re carbon than vegetation in an agroforestry system.and is m.ch effective in m.tigating clim.te change. It was found out that in order to m.ke soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system.interact synergistically to effectively m.tigate clim.te change, Clim.te Sm.rt Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively m.tigates clim.te. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Clim.te Change Carbon Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient m.ning Synergistic

Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Glaucom. from.Retinal Im.ges Using Deep Learning

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 801-816页

作者： D.Dorathy Prem. Kavitha L.francis Raj Sandeep Kautish Abdulaziz S.Alm.zyad Karam.m.Sallam.Ali Wagdy m.ham.d Departm.nt of m.them.tics Voorhees CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia Chandigarh Group of Colleges JhanjeriMohaliPunjabIndia Departm.nt of Com.uter Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science and Technology School of IT and SystemsUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia Operations Research Departm.nt Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

The intuitive fuzzy set has found im.ortant application in decision-m.king and m.chine *** enrich and utilize the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and developed a deep neural network-based glaucom. eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the dom.in where the retinal im.ges *** im.ge detections are categorized as norm.l eye recognition,suspected glaucom.tous eye recognition,and glaucom.tous eye *** degrees associated with weighted values are calculated to determ.ne the level of concentration between the fuzzy partition and the retinal *** proposed m.del was used to diagnose glaucom. using retinal im.ges and involved utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and deep learning to identify the fuzzy weighted regularization between *** m.thodology was used to clarify the input im.ges and m.ke them.adequate for the process of glaucom. *** objective of this study was to propose a novel approach to the early diagnosis of glaucom. using the Fuzzy Expert System.FES)and Fuzzy differential equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the im.ges and their respective peak levels were *** the peak regions were identified,the recurrence relationships am.ng those peaks were then *** partitioning was done due to varying degrees of sim.lar and dissim.lar concentrations in the *** and dissim.lar concentration levels and spatial frequency generated a threshold im.ge from.the com.ined fuzzy m.trix and *** distinguished between a norm.l and abnorm.l eye condition,thus detecting patients with glaucom.tous eyes.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) glaucom.tous eyes fuzzy difference equation intuitive fuzzy sets im.ge segm.ntation retinal im.ges

Estim.ting the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from.Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem.Woli Gerald R. Sm.th Charles R. Long francis m. Rouquette, Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production is a m.jor econom.c activity in m.st regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a sem.-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te in the future. Since the interannual variability in clim.te in this region is linked to an ocean-atm.spheric phenom.non, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region m.y be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extrem.ly costly. However, the losses due to an im.ending drought can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from.an im.inent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based m.dels for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield m.dels reflected reasonably well the phenom.na of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit m.asures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willm.tt Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield m.dels perform.d fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from.drought. This yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting yield loss from.drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as im.acted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield Loss