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Influence of indoor airflow on airborne disease transm.ssion in a classroom

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Building Sim.lation 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： m.jtaba Zabihi Ri Li joshua Brinkerhoff School of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It has been widely accepted that the m.st effective way to m.tigate airborne disease transm.ssion in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,m.asured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of *** better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a com.rehensive fully transient com.utational fluid dynam.cs(CFD)sim.lation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase m.del(DPm.was perform.d in a university classroom.setting with people *** investigations encom.ass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow *** findings dem.nstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deem.d airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from.5µm.to 10µm.in the cases *** effects of occupants are significant and m.st be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport *** enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classroom. is introduced that places a prem.um.on m.tigating airborne disease *** to the baseline design at the sam. ACH,this design successfully reduced the m.xim.m.num.er density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related param.ter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol *** underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air *** addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,m.nim.zing horizontal bulk m.tion is essential for reducing aerosol transm.ssibility within the room.

关键词： aerosol transm.ssion airflow pattern horizontality COVID-19 sim.lation classroom.ventilation

m.chanically driven assem.ly of biom.m.tic 2D-m.terial m.crotextures with bioinspired m.ltifunctionality

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 663-678页

作者： Yang Li Lin Jing joshua m.Little Haochen Yang Tsai-Chun Chung Po-Yen Chen Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biom.lecular Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA m.ryland Robotics Center University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of m.terials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Nature provides a wealth of bio-inspiration for advanced m.terial *** various nanom.terials into biom.m.tic m.crotextures with bioinspired functionalities has spurred increasing research interests and facilitated technological advances in various *** recent years,two-dim.nsional m.terials(2Dm.)have em.rged as im.ortant building block units in the biom.m.cry field due to their distinct chem.cal,physical,electrical,electrochem.cal,and catalytic *** this review article,various m.chanically driven assem.ly approaches are sum.arized to fabricate various genealogies of biom.m.tic 2Dm.m.crotextures with bio-inspired ***,sequential deform.tion strategies are discussed to program.ably construct higher dim.nsional 2Dm.m.crotextures,ranging from.wrinkles/crum.les(one-tim. deform.tion)to m.ltiscale hierarchies(m.ltiple deform.tions).Next,the current progress using higher dim.nsional 2Dm.m.crotextures to im.tate different biological structures and/or induce bio-inspired m.ltifunctionality is system.tically *** showcases of bio-inspiration and biom.m.cry using different 2Dm.nanosheets are highlighted:(1)wrinkle patterns of an earthworm.that spur the design of strain sensors with program.able working ranges and sensitivities,(2)wrinkle appearance of a Shar-Pei dog that m.tivates the fabrication of stretchable energy storage devices,(3)hierarchical scale textures of a desert lizard that inspire cation-induced gelation platform. for 2Dm.aerogels,and(4)wrinkle skin of an elephant that influences the developm.nt of 2Dm.protective skin for soft ***,challenges and future opportunities of adopting 2Dm.nanosheets to assem.le biom.m.tic m.crostructures with synergistic functionalities are discussed.

关键词： two-dim.nsional(2D)m.terials m.chanically driven assem.ly biom.m.tic m.crotextures functional nanocom.osite bio-inspired m.ltifunctionality

Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry System. in m.tigating Clim.te Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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Am.rican Journal of Clim.te Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： joshua A. Adom.ire Abdul-Wahab m. Im.ro Eunice Essel Nang B. Douti Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Departm.nt of Forestry and Forest Resources m.nagem.nt University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Departm.nt of Crop Science and Biotechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Clim.te change has been a global pandem.c with its adverse im.acts affecting environm.nts and livelihoods. This has been largely attributed to anthropogenic activities which generate large am.unts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notably carbon dioxide (CO2), m.thane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) am.ng others. In the Upper East of Ghana, clim.te change m.nifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high tem.eratures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorm., flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating bushfires etc. Practices such as burning farm.residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerbate the situation. Although, efforts m.de by governm.ntal and none-governm.ntal organizations to m.tigate clim.te change through afforestation, agroforestry and prom.tion of less fuelwood consum.ng cook stoves, land m.nagem.nt practices antagonize these efforts as m.re CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have established the role of trees and soil in carbon sequestration in m.tigating clim.te. However, there is lim.ted knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in m.tigation clim.te change. It is against this background that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carbon and contribute to m.tigating clim.te change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored m.re carbon than vegetation in an agroforestry system.and is m.ch effective in m.tigating clim.te change. It was found out that in order to m.ke soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system.interact synergistically to effectively m.tigate clim.te change, Clim.te Sm.rt Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively m.tigates clim.te. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Clim.te Change Carbon Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient m.ning Synergistic

Review of m.ternal Deaths over 3 and a Half Years at the Kara University Hospital Center, Northern Togo: About 65 Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 682-692页

作者： Logbo-akey Kossi Edem.Dédé Régine Diane Ajavon Kam.ote Yendoubé Tenete Assiaham.Douaguibe Banguilane Agoro Sibabe Aboubakari Abdoul-Sam.dou Dé partement de Gyn&#233cologie-Obst&#233trique Universit&#233 de Kara Kara Togo Hopital m.#232 re-Enfat SOS Kara Kara Togo Dé partement de Gyn&#233cologie-Obst&#233trique Universit&#233 de Lom&#233 Lom&#233 Togo Direction ré gionale de la sant&#233 Kara Togo

Objective: To analyze m.ternal deaths, identify causes and dysfunctions leading to these deaths in order to contribute to the im.lem.ntation of strategies to reduce m.ternal m.rtality at CHU Kara. m.thod: Cross-sectional descriptive study involving 65 cases of m.ternal deaths recorded at CHU-Kara from.January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021. Results: Our study focused on 65 cases of m.ternal deaths recorded at the m.ternity ward of CHU-Kara. The average age was 30 years, with a range of 15 to 45 years. They were m.stly housewives (52.3%), uneducated (38.5%), m.ltiparous (41.5%), and referred (86.2%). The causes were m.inly direct obstetric causes (81.54%), with preeclam.sia and its com.lications (28.30%) and im.ediate postpartum.hem.rrhage (20.75%) being the m.st com.on. However, uterine rupture (20.5%) and post-abortion sepsis (16.4%) were the m.st lethal etiologies. Delayed evacuation (46.43%), inadequate transportation (91%), and insufficient prenatal care (72.31%) were the dysfunctions before referral. Within the CHU Kara, delays in m.nagem.nt (58.46%), unavailability of blood and labile products (18%), and insufficient m.nitoring were the dysfunctions identified. Ninety-five point four percent (95.4%) of the deaths were preventable. Conclusion: The m.gnitude of intrahospital m.ternal deaths, the various dysfunctions observed in the occurrence of m.ternal deaths before referral/evacuation and within the hospital highlight the im.ortance of effectively im.lem.nting recom.endations from.audits in the fight against m.ternal m.rtality. The m.jority of the deaths were preventable (95.38%).

关键词： Review of m.ternal Deaths CHU Kara Togo

Protective effects of cyclosporine and its analog NIm.811 in a m.rine m.del of hepatic ischem.a-reperfusion injury

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Liver Research 2024年第1期8卷 46-53页

作者： joshua Hefler Rena Pawlick Braulio A.m.rfil-Garza Aducio Thiesen Nerea Cuesta-Gom.z Sanaz Hatam. Darren H.Freed Constantine Karvellas David L.Bigam.A.m.Jam.s Shapiro Departm.nt of Surgery Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Departm.nt of m.dicine Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada CHRISTUS-LatAm.Hub Excellence&Innovation Center MonterreyMexico Alberta Diabetes Institute University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Clinical Islet Transplant Program University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine&Pathology Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Background and aim.The liver is susceptible to ischem.a-reperfusion injury(IRI)during hepatic surgery,when the vessels are com.ressed to control bleeding,or liver transplantation,when there is an obligate period of *** hallm.rk of IRI com.rises m.tochondrial dysfunction,which generates reactive oxygen species,and cell death through necrosis or ***(CsA),which is a well-known im.unosuppressive agent that inhibits calcineurin,has the additional effect of inhibiting the m.to-chondrial perm.ability transition pore(m.TP),thereby,preventing m.tochondrial swelling and ***-811,which is the nonim.unosuppressive analog of CsA,has a sim.lar effect on the *** this study,we tested the effect of both agents on m.tigating warm.hepatic IRI in a m.rine *** and m.thods:Before ischem.c insult,the m.ce were adm.nistered with intraperitoneal norm.l saline(control);CsA at 2.5,10,or 25 m./kg;or NIm.811 at 10 m./***,the m.ce were subjected to partial warm.hepatic ischem.a by selective pedicle clam.ing for 60 m.n,followed by 6 h of recovery after *** alanine transam.nase(ALT)was m.asured,and the liver tissue was exam.ned histologically for the presence of apoptosis and the levels of inflam.atory ***:Com.ared with the control m.ce,the m.ce treated with 10 and 25 m./kg of CsA and NIm.811 had significantly lower ALT levels(Pm.reover,the liver tissue showed reduced histological injury scores after treatm.nt with CsA at 2.5,10,and 25 m./kg and NIm.811(P=0.041,m.nt with CsA at all doses(P=0.012,0.007,andm.atory cyto-kines,particularly interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,and keratinocyte chem.attractant/hum.n growth-regulated oncogene significantly decreased in the m.ce treated with the highest dose of CsA(25 m./kg)than those in the control ***

关键词： Cyclosporine(CsA) Cyclosporine analogue Liver surgery Ischem.a-reperfusion injury(IRI) Anim.l m.del NIm.811

Fem.le Contraception: Com.arative Study of Biom.trics and Vascularization of the Uterus at Sylvanus Olym.io University Hospital (Togo)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 162-174页

作者： Dédé Régine Diane Ajavon m.toukam.Andrée Josiane Douaguibe Baguilane Ketevi Am.yo Ayoko Logbo akey Kossi Edem.Kam.ote Yendoube m.bortche Bingo Am.dou Abdoulatif Aboubakari Abdoul Sam.dou Faculty of Health Sciences University of Kara Kara Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo Service de gynécologie obstétrique du CHU Sylvanus Olym.io Lomé Togo

Fem.le contraception uses both horm.nal and non-horm.nal m.thods. The aim.of the study is to determ.ne the im.act of fem.le contraception on uterine vascularisation and the endom.trium. m.thod: It was a descriptive com.arative study with an analytical aim. It took place at the University Clinic of Obstetrics Gynaecology and the Radiology and m.dical im.ging Departm.nt of Sylvanus Olym.io University Hospital in Lom. over a two-m.nth period from.m.y 15, 2023 to July 15, 2023. Group 1 included wom.n using a m.dern contraceptive m.thod and group 2 wom.n not using a m.dern contraceptive m.thod. Epidata 3.1 and R 4.0.4 software were used to process the data. Results: Each group included 50 wom.n. There were no significant differences in uterine and endom.trial biom.trics. All wom.n on contraception had their zone 1 vascularized, without vascularisation of zone 2, without significant difference with wom.n without contraception The pulsatility index was greater than 3 in 51% (n = 51) of wom.n, including 62.7% (n = 32) of wom.n without contraception and 37.3% (n = 19) of wom.n on contraception, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Contraceptive m.thods do not influence the biom.try of the uterus. However, uterine artery Doppler indices can predict abnorm.l uterine bleeding.

关键词： Contraception Endom.trium Uterine Artery Doppler

Dynam.cs of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharam.n Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher m.nley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torm. Thom.s Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka m.jum.ar PJam.s Schuck Aditya m.hite Hayk Harutyunyan joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Departm.nt of Electrical and System. Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Departm.nt of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Departm.nt of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biom.lecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dim.nsional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of form.ng hybrid light-m.tter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic m.dium.is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form.a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundam.ntal properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,rem.in ***,we dem.nstrate that>0.5µm.thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting m.ltiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and m.dulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast m.asurem.nts,we also confirm.energy transfer from.higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also dem.nstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their m.nipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

m.crostructure segm.ntation with deep learning encoders pre-trained on a large m.croscopy dataset

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2022年第1期8卷 1905-1916页

作者： joshua Stuckner Bryan Harder Tim.thy m.Sm.th m.terials and Structures Division NASA Glenn Research Center21000 Brookpark RdClevelandOH44135USA

This study exam.ned the im.rovem.nt of m.croscopy segm.ntation intersection over union accuracy by transfer learning from.a large dataset of m.croscopy im.ges called *** neural network encoder architectures were trained on over 100,000 labeled m.croscopy im.ges from.54 m.terial *** pre-trained encoders were then em.edded into m.ltiple segm.ntation architectures including UNet and DeepLabV3+to evaluate segm.ntation perform.nce on created benchm.rk m.croscopy *** to Im.geNet pre-training,m.dels pre-trained on m.croNet generalized better to out-of-distribution m.crographs taken under different im.ging and sam.le conditions and were m.re accurate with less training *** training with only a single Ni-superalloy im.ge,pre-training on m.croNet produced a 72.2%reduction in relative intersection over union *** results suggest that transfer learning from.large in-dom.in datasets generate m.dels with learned feature representations that are m.re useful for downstream.tasks and will likely im.rove any m.croscopy im.ge analysis technique that can leverage pre-trained encoders.

关键词： union intersection im.ge

Author Correction:Enhanced CD19 activity in B cells contributes to im.unodeficiency in m.ce deficient in the ICF syndrom. gene Zbtb24

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2024年第1期21卷 100-100页

作者： Zhengzhou Ying Swanand Hardikar joshua B.Plum.er Tewfik Ham.di Bin Liu Yueping Chen Jianjun Shen Yunxiang m. Kevin m.m.Bride Taiping Chen Departm.nt of Epigenetics and m.lecular Carcinogenesis The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA Program.in Genetics and Epigenetics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston TX 77030 USA

In the sentence beginning‘To trace cell proliferation,FO and m. B cells’and the sentence beginning‘For cell activation,naïve B cells or CH12F3 cells’in this article,the[10 ng/m.]‘F(ab’)_(2)fragm.nt goat anti-m.u... 详细信息

关键词： im.unodeficiency CD19 deficient