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Perceptions of Body Mass Index as a Valid Indicator of Weight Status among Adults in the United States

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health 2019年第5期11卷 578-591页

作者： Brenden E. Garrett joshua h. West Benjamin T. Crookston P. Cougar hall Department of Public health Brigham Young University Provo USA

Background: Being overweight or obese increases risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, joint disease, and certain cancers. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to determine weight status. As rates of overweight and obesity have risen sharply in the United States over the past 30 years, perceptions of a “normal” or healthy weight are subject to change. The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptions of BMI as an indicator of weight status. Methods: An online survey was administered to 376 US adults. The survey collected demographic information including height, weight, and perceived weight status (underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese). The survey software calculated and presented participants with their personal BMI values. Participants then answered questions about their perception of the BMI as a valid indicator of weight status. Results: More participants reported a healthy weight status (51.6%) than were classified as such according to their computed BMI (43.6%). The majority of the sample (85.1%) considered BMI to be a valid indicator of weight status, although perceptions of validity varied by weight status. Participants that perceived BMI to be invalid most commonly cited incongruence with one’s perception of their own body weight, no accounting for unique body shapes, and no accounting for additional muscle mass. Conclusion: BMI is generally perceived to be a valid indicator of weight status. These perceptions of validity can vary depending on the individuals’ actual weight status. In instances where perceptions are not favorable toward BMI, it is largely attributable to opinions of incongruence with BMI and body shape, type, or composition. Continued use of BMI as a preliminary tool for determining weight status appears to be accepted. Efforts to increase BMI-related awareness and education may be necessary for individuals that currently see it as invalid.

关键词： Body-Mass Index (BMI) Overweight Obesity Weight Status

Share Videos, Not Pills: A Content Analysis of Prescription Drug Videos on YouTube for Presence of Behavior Change Theory

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health 2014年第11期6卷 1255-1262页

作者： joshua h. West Cameron Lister Jayne A. Perry Jessica Lyn Church David L. Vance Department of health Science Brigham Young University Provo USA

Objective: To identify the extent to which *** videos targeting prescription drug abuse include health behavior theory in their content and design. Methods: This study used a content analysis of 209 *** videos. Coders used an established theory-based instrument to rate each video’s inclusion of theoretical constructs from four prominent health behavior theories. Each *** video was coded for twenty-two theoretical items, which were summed to create a total theory score. Results: The mean theory score of videos was 3.26 out of a possible 22. Among the top 10% of videos with highest theory scores, social cognitive theory constructs were coded most often and transtheoretical constructs were coded least often. Conclusion: It is not unexpected that *** videos are largely void of theoretical content since these videos are made by a variety of organizations and sources that may not be trained in the application of health behavior theories. There is an opportunity for the organizations that create these videos to collaborate with health and behavior change experts in creating videos with more theoretical constructs, possibly resulting in better health outcomes.

关键词： Behavioral Theories health Promotion YouTube Prescription Drug Abuse

Peripheral vestibular system: Age-related vestibular loss and associated deficits

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Journal of Otology 2021年第4期16卷 258-265页

作者： Jennifer Coto Carmen L.Alvarez Ivette Cejas Brett M.Colbert Bonnie E.Levin joshua huppert Tatjana Rundek Carey Balaban Susan h.Blanton David J.Lee David Loewenstein Michael hoffer Xue Zhong Liu University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of OtolaryngologyMiamiFLUSA San Juan Bautista Medical School CaguasPRUSA Medical Scientist Training Program University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Neurology and the Evelyn F.McKnight Brain InstituteMiamiFLUSA University of Pittsburgh Departments of OtolaryngologyNeurobiologyCommunication Sciences&Disordersand BioengineeringPittsburghPAUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Dr.John T.Macdonald Department of Human GeneticsMiamiFLUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health SciencesMiamiFLUSA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMiamiFLUSA

Given the interdependence of multiple factors in age-related vestibular loss (e.g., balance, vision,cognition), it is important to examine the individual contributions of these factors with ARVL. While therelationship between the vestibular and visual systems has been well studied (Bronstein et al., 2015),little is known about the association of the peripheral vestibular system with neurodegenerative disorders (Cronin et al., 2017). Further, emerging research developments implicate the vestibular system asan opportunity for examining brain function beyond balance, and into other areas, such as cognition andpsychological functioning. Additionally, the bidirectional impact of psychological functioning is understudied in ARVL. Recognition of ARVL as part of a multifaceted aging process will help guide thedevelopment of integrated interventions for patients who remain at risk for decline. In this review, wewill discuss a wide variety of characteristics of the peripheral vestibular system and ARVL, how it relatesto neurodegenerative diseases, and correlations between ARVL and balance, vision, cognitive, and psychological dysfunction. We also discuss clinical implications as well as future directions for research, withan emphasis on improving care for patients with ARVL.

关键词： Peripheral vestibular system Age-related vestibular loss Balance Vision Cognitive Psychological

Allelopathic Potential of Some Crop Residues on the Germination and Growth of Soybean （Glycine max L,） Merrill

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第10期2卷 1057-1061页

作者： Modupe Janet Ayeni joshua Kayode Department of Plant Science Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti 360101 Nigeria

Allelopathic potentials of aqueous water extracts from residues of sorghum stem, maize inflorescence and rice husks on the germination of soybeans （Glycine max. L.） were investigated. The result showed that the extracts brought about a considerable inhibition in the germination of soybean seeds, reductions in the radicle and plumule lengths of soybean seedlings. Whereas, the extracts of maize inflorescence and rice husk had more inhibitory effects on the growth of soybean radicle, all the three extracts demonstrated pronounced inhibitory effects on the growth of the plumule. The retardation of soybean germination, radicle and plumule growths were concentration dependents as the degree of retardations increases with increase in the concentration of the extracts. Statistical analysis （ANOVA, P = 0.05） revealed that there were no significant differences in the germination, radicle and plumule growths at 24 and 48 h experimental time when compared to the control. however, statistical differences abound in the growth parameters at 72 and 144 h experimental time.

关键词： Allelopathic allelochemicals crop residues Glycine max.

Bending Stresses of Steel Web Tapered Tee Section Cantilevers

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2013年第11期7卷 1329-1342页

作者： Boksun Kim Andrew Oliver joshua Vyse School of Marine Science and Engineering Plymouth University Plymouth PL4 8AA UK Structures Team Gary Gabriel Associates Taunton TA 1 2PX UK Design and Engineering Atkins Ltd. Colchester CO1 1TG UK

Although commonly used, no design method is available for steel web tapered tee section cantilevers. This paper investigates the bending stresses of such beams. Relationships between the maximum compressive stress and the degree of taper were investigated. An analytical model is presented to determine the location of the maximum stress when subjected to a uniformly distributed load or a point load at the free end and was validated using finite element analysis and physical tests. It was found that the maximum stress always occurs at the support when subjected to a uniformly distributed load. When subjected to a point load at the free end and the degree of taper is up to seven, it was found that Miller＇s equation could be used to determine the location of the maximum stress. however, it is shown that when the degree of taper is greater than seven, Miller＇s equation does not accurately predict the location and the analytical model should be used. It was also found that the location of the maximum stress was solely dependent on the degree of taper, while a geometric ratio, fl was required to determine the magnitude of the maximum stress. A simple method that predicts the magnitude of the maximum stress is proposed. The average error in the prediction of the magnitude of the maximum stress is found to be less than 1.0%.

关键词： Web tapered tee sections tapered cantilevers bending stress pattems maximum stress shift finite element analysis

Live-Cell Imaging of NADPhProduction from Specific Pathways

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第6期3卷 1642-1648页

作者： Senlian hong Tao Chen Ling Liu Chen Cao Fengxiang Lv joshua DRabinowitz Yanyi huang Xing Chen College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544 Department of Chemistry Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544 Institute of Molecular Medicine Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Shenzhen Bey Laboratory Institute for Cell AnalysisPeking UniversityBeijing 100871 Synthetic and Functional Biomolecule Center Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92037 huffington Center on Aging Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030

As anconversion of essential cofactor for lipid biosynthesisand antioxidant defense, reduced nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPh) isproduced via various pathways, including the oxidativepentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) and themalic enzyme 1 (ME1)-catalyzed conversion of malateto pyruvate. Live-cell detection of NADPh productionroutes remains challenging. here, we reporttracing hydrides into lipid droplets (ThILD), achemical imaging strategy for the detection ofpathway-specific NADPh generation in live cells. Thisstrategy exploits deuterium (2h)-labeled glucose([2h]Glc) tracers that transfer deuterides to NADPhvia specific pathways. The NADP^(2)h, in turn, transfersdeuterides to lipids, resulting in accumulation of C-2hbonds in lipid droplets, which can be visualized bybioorthogonal stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)microscopy. We used this concept to demonstratethe imaging of oxPPP-produced NADPh using theoxPPP-specific tracer, [3-2h]Glc. Furthermore, the“switch on” of NADPh production by ME1 in differentiatingadipocytes was imaged by [4-2h]Glc. Finally,comparison of [3-2h]Glc and [4-2h]Glc ThILDimaging of adipocytes showed that hypoxia inducessuppression of ME1-mediated NADPh productionand oxPPP-produced NADPh becomes the mainsource.

关键词： NADPh metabolic reprogramming bioorthogonal Raman imaging deuterium tracing SRS microscopy pathway specificity

The Level of Expression of Thioredoxin is Linked to Fundamental Properties and Applications of Wheat Seeds

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 430-441页

作者： Yong-Chun Li Jiang-Ping Ren Myeong-Je Cho Su-Mei Zhou Yong-Bum Kim hong-Xiang Guo joshua h. Wong hong-Bin Niu hyun-Kyung Kim Susumu Morigasaki Peggy G. Lemaux Oscar L. Frick Jun Yin Bob B. Buchanan National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China Department of Plant and Microbial Biology 111 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA 94143 USA

Work with cereals （barley and wheat） and a legume （Medicago truncatula） has established thioredoxin h （Trx h） as a central regulatory protein of seeds. Trx h acts by reducing disulfide （S-S） groups of diverse seed proteins （storage proteins, enzymes, and enzyme inhibitors）, thereby facilitating germination. Early in vitro protein studies were complemented with experiments in which barley seeds with Trx h overexpressed in the endosperm showed accelerated germination and early or enhanced expression of associated enzymes （α-amylase and pullulanase）. The current study extends the transgenic work to wheat. Two approaches were followed to alter the expression of Trx h genes in the endosperm：（1） a hordein promoter and its protein body targeting sequence led to overexpression of Trx hS, and （2） an antisense construct of Trx h9 resulted in cytosolic underexpression of that gene （Arabidopsis designation）. Underexpression of Trx h9 led to effects opposite to those observed for overexpression Trx h5 in barley--retardation of germination and delayed or reduced expression of associated enzymes. Similar enzyme changes were observed in developing seeds. The wheat lines with underexpressed Trx showed delayed preharvest sprouting when grown in the greenhouse or field without a decrease in final yield. Wheat with overexpressed Trx h5 showed changes commensurate with earlier in vitro work： increased solubility of disulfide proteins and lower aUergenicity of the gliadin fraction. The results are further evidence that the level of Trx h in cereal endosperm determines fundamental properties as well as potential applications of the seed.

关键词： metabolic regulation molecular physiology seed biology preharvest sprouting seed germination thioredoxin h wheat allergenicity.

Emergent reintubation following elective cervical surgery:A case series

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第6期8卷 465-470页

作者： joshua Schroeder Stephan N Salzmann Alexander P hughes James D Beckman Jennifer Shue Federico P Girardi Spine Service Hospital for Special Surgery

AIM To review cases of emergent reintubation after cervical *** Patients who were emergently intubated in the postoperative period following cervical surgery were identified. The patients' prospectively documented demographic parameters, medical history and clinical symptoms were ascertained. Pre-operative radiographs were examined for the extent of their pathology. The details of the operative procedure were *** Eight hundred and eighty patients received anterioror combined anterior-posterior cervical surgery from 2008-2013. Nine patients(1.02%) required emergent reintubation. The interval between extubation to reintubation was 6.2 h [1-12]. Patients were kept intubated after reintubation for 2.3 d [2-3]. Seven patients displayed moderate postoperative edema. One patient was diagnosed with a compressive hematoma whichwas subsequently evacuated in the OR. Another patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary effusion and treated with diuretics. One patient received a late debridement for an infected hematoma. Six patients reported residual symptoms and three patients made a complete recovery. CONCLUSION Respiratory compromise is a rare but potentially life threatening complication following cervical surgery. Patients at increased risk should be monitored closely for extended periods of time post-operatively. If the airway is restored adequately in a timely manner through emergent re-intubation, the outcome of the patients is generally favorable.

关键词： Cervical surgery Complication Airway compromise Reintubation hematoma

Acute ischaemic stroke interventions: large vessel occlusion and beyond

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第1期5卷 80-85页

作者： Ahmad Sweid Batoul hammoud Sunidhi Ramesh Daniella Wong Tyler D Alexander joshua harrison Weinberg Maureen Deprince Jaime Dougherty Dimitri Jean-Mickael Maamari Stavropoula Tjoumakaris hekmat Zarzour Michael R Gooch Nabeel herial Victor Romo David M hasan Robert h Rosenwasser Pascal Jabbour Neurosurgery Thomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Endocrinology Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Sydney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA School of Medicine American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon Anesthesia Thomas Jefferson University-Center City CampusPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Neurosurgery University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA

Care for acute ischaemic stroke is one of the most rapidly evolving fields due to the robust outcomes achieved by mechanical *** vessel occlusion(LVO)accounts for up to 38%of acute ischaemic stroke and comes with devastating outcomes for patients,families and society in the pre-intervention era.A paradigm shift and a breakthrough brought mechanical thrombectomy back into the spotlight for acute ischaemic stroke;this was because five randomised controlled trials from several countries concluded that mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke offered overwhelming *** review article will present a comprehensive overview of LVO management,techniques and devices used,and the future of stroke *** addition,we review our institution experience of mechanical thrombectomy for posterior and distal circulation occlusion.

关键词： acute occlusion breakthrough