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Treatment of SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19):A safety perspective

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2021年第1期10卷 1-32页

作者： joshua davis Ugochukwu Umeh Rand Saba Department of Emergency Medicine VituityWichitaKS 67214United States College of Medicine Medical University of LublinLublin 20-093Poland Department of Surgery Ascension Providence HospitalSouthfieldMI 48075United States

The goal of this review is to report a balanced perspective of current evidence for efficacy of treatments for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)against the historical safety of these treatments as of May 2021.We preselected therapies of interest for COVID-19 based on national guidelines and modified over time.We searched PubMed and Medline for these specific COVID-19 treatments and data related to their efficacy.We also searched for prior randomized controlled trials of each therapy to assess adverse effects,and we obtained the Food and Drug Administration Approval label for this information.Several drugs have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19,and many more are under study.This includes dexamethasone,remdesivir,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,lopinvir/ritonavir,interferon or interleukin inhibitors,convalescent plasma and several vitamins and minerals.The strongest evidence for benefit is mortality benefit with dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemia,although there is a signal of harm if this is started too early.There are several other promising therapies,like interleukin inhibitors and ivermectin.Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,lopinvir/ritonavir,and convale-scent plasma do not have enough evidence of benefit to outweigh the known risks of these drugs.

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 SARS Drug safety Pharmacotherapy

Mortality of critical care interventions in the COVID-19:A systematic review

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2021年第1期9卷 64-73页

作者： joshua davis Rebecca Leff Anuj Patel Sriram Venkatesan Department of Emergency Medicine VituityWichitaKS 67214United States School of Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8414501Israel College of Osteopathic Medicine University of New EnglandBiddefordME 04005United States College of Medicine Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research InstituteChennai 600116India

BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is associated with a severe disease known as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A small percentage of patients with COVID-19 will require intensive care and possibly mechanical ventilation.The mortality of intensive care interventions in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear.AIM To identify mortality rate of COVID-19 patients receiving different interventions in the critical care unit.METHODS We searched OVID Medline,SCOPUS,MedRxIv,***,and Centers for Disease Control databases from November 2019 to April 10,2020 for articles on COVID-19.Teams of 2 independent reviewers reviewed titles and abstract for studies that reported mortality of human adults with COVID-19 and exposure to a critical care intervention[Intensive care admission,mechanical ventilation,acute hemodialysis,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,or cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)].We used a descriptive analysis and unweighted averages of mortality across studies.RESULTS Our search identified 6973 articles and 20 met inclusion:17 for intensive care,13 for mechanical ventilation,5 for hemodialysis,2 for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,and 1 for CPR.Mortality associated with intensive care admission ranged from 9%-83%,with overall mortality 32.5%(95%CI:32.4%-32.6%).Mortality associated with intubation from 16.7%-100%with overall mortality 64.0%(95%CI:62.4%-65.5%).In patients requiring hemodialysis,mortality ranged from 0%-100%,with average mortality 75.3%(95%CI:72.6%-77.4%).CONCLUSION Patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care have high mortality rates.Authorities can use this data to establish pharmacoeconomic studies to make decisions about allocation of scarce resources if necessary.

关键词： Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Mortality Systematic review Critical care

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拼凑梦想

文学少年(中学) 2015年第11期 2-2,49页

作者： Elissa Matsueda joshua davis 孔令梅

上映时间:2015年01月16日(美国)导演:肖恩·麦克纳马拉主演:阿丽夏·维加玛丽莎·托梅杰米·李·柯蒂斯1.新代课老师弗雷迪是一个经常在科技公司跳槽的物理博士,校长希望弗雷迪可以在社区高中待满3个月。这里的学生很多是非法移民,但在... 详细信息

上映时间:2015年01月16日(美国)导演:肖恩·麦克纳马拉主演:阿丽夏·维加玛丽莎·托梅杰米·李·柯蒂斯1.新代课老师弗雷迪是一个经常在科技公司跳槽的物理博士,校长希望弗雷迪可以在社区高中待满3个月。这里的学生很多是非法移民,但在他们颓废散漫、小偷小摸的行为背后,弗雷迪发现:有些孩子有着被人忽略的天分。

关键词：奥斯卡机器人

未来的葬礼会是什么样你愿意死后化为泥土，结出果实吗

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环球人文地理 2020年第9期 48-57页

作者：乔天翼 L协德 joshua davis Thomas Sandy

英国媒体BBC曾播放过这样一个殡葬广告:在一处鲜花盛开的绿地上,一群人缓缓走来,其中一人手捧一小盆绿植走在最前面,盆上刻着逝者的名字和一句话:"我将自己化作沃土,献给这个承载我一生的星球。"

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Use of a handheld slit beam intraoperatively to assist in big bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期3卷 369-374页

作者： Alexander S.davis Peter Bedard joshua H.Hou Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Dean McGee Eye Institute Oklahoma CityOKUSA Lions Gift of Sight Eye Bank St.PaulMNUSA

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)is preferred over conventional penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)for the treatment of anterior corneal opacities or ectasias due to decreased risk of endothelial rejection.However,DALK remains surgically challenging,largely due to challenges associated with achieving consistent pneumo-dissection of posterior stroma from the underlying pre-Descemet’s or Descemet’s membrane(DM).Air must be injected at sufficient depth in the corneal stroma in order to achieve successful pneumo-dissection,but advancing a needle too deep into the cornea can lead to perforation of DM.We describe here a novel technique using a handheld slit lamp(Eidolon model 510L,Eidolon Optical LLC,Natick,MA,USA)to assist in creation of the big-bubble in DALK surgery.Use of a handheld slit beam intraoperatively is a safe,relatively inexpensive,and effective technique for increasing the success of big-bubble formation in DALK procedures.

关键词： Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK) big bubble technique slit beam

Blood glucose changes surrounding initiation of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2018年第2期9卷 53-58页

作者： Patrick R Wood Evan Manning joshua F Baker Bryant England Lisa davis Grant W Cannon Ted R Mikuls Liron Caplan Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Pennsylvania Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Nebraska Denver Health and Hospital Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado George Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Utah

AIM To determine the scope of acute hypoglycemic effects for certain anti-rheumatic medications in a large retrospective observational study. METHODS Patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry were selected who, during follow-up, initiated treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi's, including etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, or certolizumab), prednisone, or conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs), and for whom proximate random blood glucose (RBG) measurements were available within a window 2-wk prior to, and 6 mo following, medication initiation. Similar data were obtained for patients with proximate values available for glycosylated hemoglobin A1C values within a window 2 mo preceding, and 12 mo following, medication initiation. RBG and A1C measurements were compared before and after initiation events using paired t-tests, and multivariate regression analysis was performed including established comorbidities and demographics.RESULTS Two thousands one hundred and eleven patients contributed at least one proximate measurement surrounding the initiation of any examined medication. A significant decrease in RBG was noted surrounding 653 individual hydroxychloroquine-initiation events(-3.68 mg/dL, P = 0.04), while an increase was noted for RBG surrounding 665 prednisone-initiation events(+5.85 mg/d L, P < 0.01). A statistically significant decrease in A1C was noted for sulfasalazine initiation, as measured by 49 individual initiation events(-0.70%, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analyses, using methotrexate as the referent, suggest sulfasalazine (β =-0.58, P = 0.01) and hydroxychloroquine(β =-5.78, P = 0.01) use as predictors of lower post-medicationinitiation RBG and A1C values, respectively. Analysis by drug class suggested prednisone (or glucocorticoids) as predictive of higher medication-initiation event RBG among all start events as compared to DMARDs, while this analysis did not show any drug class-level effect for TNFi. A di

关键词： Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs Drug toxicity Glucocorticoids Rheumatoid arthritis Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors

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ON KNOWING NATURE

疯狂英语(新策略) 2012年第3期 66-67页

作者： joshua Ogden-davis

To paint of nature,I would need A palette:ten thousand hues To speak of nature,I would need Words:more than I can use

关键词： ON KNOWING NATURE

Glycemic variability:Importance,relationship with physical activity,and the influence of exercise

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第4期3卷 183-193页

作者： joshua R.Sparks Erin E.Kishman Mark A.Sarzynski J.Mark davis Peter W.Grandjean J.Larry Durstine Xuewen Wang Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUnited States Department of Exercise Science Noman J.Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUnited States Department of Health Exercise Scienceand Recreation ManagementSchool of Applied SciencesUniversity of MississippiOxfordMSUnited States

Glycemic variability is a more sensitive assessment of glycemic health as opposed to traditional clinical mea-surements.It considers all blood glucose concentrations over a given period to better account for glucose oscil-lations that occur and provides clinicians with insight into how individuals regulate and/or maintain their glycemic health.The advancement of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)allows for the measurement of free-living glucose concentrations while providing a more reliable assessment of treatment of dysregulated glycemic.CGM coupled with management of lifestyle behavioral factors,such as reduced sedentary behavior and increased physical activity and regular exercise,potentially offers a previously untapped method for promoting improved glycemic health through greater regulation of glucose concentrations.The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the evidence regarding the measurement of glycemic variability and summarize the current under-standing of the relationship between glycemic variability,sedentary behavior,physical activity,the influence of a single exercise session or repeated exercise sessions,and exercise training.This review considers information pertaining to the strengths and limitations for measuring glycemic variability and provides insight into future study designs aimed at evaluating the relationship between sedentary behavior and physical activity with,as well as the influence of exercise on,glycemic variability as a primary outcome.

关键词： Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM) Exercise Glycemic control Glycemic variability Physical activity

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二十秒钟的勇气

疯狂英语（口语版） 2012年第7期 29-37页

作者： joshua Ogden-davis Celia(翻译)

《我家买了动物园》改编自真人真事。单亲爸爸Benjamin Mee（Man Damon饰）为了使自己和孩子们开始全新的生活，买下了一座几近荒废的动物园。他和他的孩子们以及几个留守动物园的工作人员在其中辛勤劳动，最终使得动物固重新开园营业... 详细信息

《我家买了动物园》改编自真人真事。单亲爸爸Benjamin Mee（Man Damon饰）为了使自己和孩子们开始全新的生活，买下了一座几近荒废的动物园。他和他的孩子们以及几个留守动物园的工作人员在其中辛勤劳动，最终使得动物固重新开园营业，而他的家庭也获得了新生。

关键词：勇气动物园工作人员孩子新生