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Inherent Complexities of a Multi-stakeholder Approach to Building Community Resilience

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 32-45页

作者： josephine adekola Denis Fischabcher-Smith Moira Fischabcher-Smith Finance Accounting and RiskGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgow G40BAScotlandUK College of Social Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQScotlandUK

Enhancing community resilience has increasingly involved national and regional governments adopting a multi-stakeholder approach because of the potential interagency benefits. This has led to questions about how best to involve stakeholder groups in translating community resilience policies into practice. This exploratory study contributes to this discussion by addressing two key areas that are fundamental in the concerted effort to build community resilience to natural hazards:(1) stakeholder understanding of community resilience as a concept;and(2) the difficulties associated with the processes of risk assessment and preparedness that stakeholders face locally in building community resilience. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 25 practitioners and experts within Scotland’s resilience community, and were analyzed through an inductive approach to thematic analysis. These data show how the interpretation of community resilience differs across stakeholder groups. Analysis of the data reveals challenges around the nature of the risk assessment and its role in shaping risk perception and communication. Significant complications occur in communicating about low probability-high consequence events, perceived territoriality, competing risk prioritizations, and the challenges of managing hazards within a context of limited resources. The implications of these issues for policy and practice are also discussed.

关键词： Community disaster preparedness Community resilience Multi-stakeholder approach Natural hazards Risk assessment

Strategies to Build Trust and COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Engagement among Minority Groups in Scotland

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第6期13卷 890-902页

作者： josephine adekola Denis Fischbacher-Smith Thelma Okey-Adibe Jamila Audu Adam Smith Business School University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Glasgow School of Business and Society Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgow G40BAUK

As countries continue to deal with the global COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, policymakers recognize that science, technology, and innovation(STI) practices offer a means of addressing many of the health problems that arise from the ongoing pandemic. Such recognition has given rise to many STI policy initiatives across various areas of science and policy, leading to a better understanding of coronavirus and the development of COVID-19 vaccines,treatments, and diagnostics. However, the practical implementation of vaccine and treatment strategies within local communities extends well beyond the laboratory. This study explored how misinformation and trust amplify or attenuate coronavirus and COVID-19 vaccine perceptions of those from ethnic minority groups deemed more susceptible to the impacts of the virus. Primary data in this study were collected in Scotland through semistructured interviews with 26 expert and nonexpert members from Scotland’s minority ethnic communities. The study findings show that risk perception is fluid and dependent on the information and evidential environment in which people find themselves. Misinformation, fake news, conspiracies, and trust or distrust(from prior experiences and historic practices) influence the perception of coronavirus and how risk messages are received, including the acceptance of coronavirus *** article reflects on Scotland’s approach to building trust and COVID-19 vaccine confidence and engagement based on the findings of this study, identifying areas of strength and areas for further improvement or research. The authors believe, as shown by our research, that vaccine engagement will be more impactful if developed by and with the public,and reflects public values, concerns, and priorities.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccine engagement Trust building Minority group engagement Science innovation Scotland

Correction to: Inherent Complexities of a Multi-stakeholder Approach to Building Community Resilience

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第2期12卷 298-298页

作者： josephine adekola Denis Fischbacher-Smith Moira Fischbacher-Smith Finance Accounting and RiskGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAScotlandUK College of Social Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgowG128QQScotlandUK

There was a spelling error in the 2nd and 3rd authors' names in the original publication. The original article has been corrected.

关键词： names corrected Building

Dual activities of a silencing information regulator complex in yeast transcriptional regulation and DNA-damage response

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mLife 2024年第2期3卷 207-218页

作者： josephine Rybchuk Wei Xiao Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Toxicology Program University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae silencing information regulator(SIR)complex contains up to four proteins,namely Sir1,Sir2,Sir3,and *** Sir2 encodes a NAD-dependent histone deacetylase,other SIR proteins mainly function as structural and scaffold components through physical interaction with various *** SIR complex displays different conformation and composition,including Sir2 homotrimer,Sir1-4 heterotetramer,Sir2-4 heterotrimer,and their derivatives,which recycle and relocate to different chromosomal *** activities of the SIR complex are transcriptional silencing through chromosomal remodeling and modulation of DNA double-strand-break repair *** activities allow the SIR complex to be involved in mating-type maintenance and switching,telomere and subtelomere gene silencing,promotion of nonhomologous end joining,and inhibition of homologous recombination,as well as control of cell *** review explores the potential link between epigenetic regulation and DNA damage response conferred by the SIR complex under various conditions aiming at understanding its roles in balancing cell survival and genomic stability in response to internal and environmental *** core activities of the SIR complex are highly conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans,knowledge obtained in the yeast may apply to mammalian Sirtuin homologs and related diseases.

关键词： chromatin remodeling DNA-damage response SiR complex transcriptional silencing yeast

Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori:Current perspectives and implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1280-1286页

作者： Valerie josephine Dirjayanto Jessica Audrey Daniel Martin Simadibrata Faculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaJakarta Pusat 10430DKI JakartaIndonesia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55905United States Nuffield Department of Population Health University of OxfordOxford OX37LFUnited Kingdom

Yu et al’s study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023)introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii(***)for the rescue therapy against Helicobacter pylori(***),a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric *** is a potassium-competitive acid blocker renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression,which is minimally affected by *** to proton pump inhibitors,which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the H+/K+-ATPase pump,Vonoprazan competes with the K+ions,prevents the ions from binding to the pump and blocks acid *** with increasing antibiotic resistance,effects on the gut microbiota,patient compliance,and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for *** studies suggested that *** plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves *** eradication *** an acceptable safety profile,the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile,thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical ***,*** comes in various formulations and dosages,warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue ***,larger,randomized,double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

关键词： Vonoprazan Saccharomyces boulardii Helicobacter pylori Rescue therapy Eradication rate

Simultaneously targeting extracellular vesicle trafficking and TGF-β receptor kinase activity blocks signaling hyperactivation and metastasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 308-325页

作者： Adilson Fonseca Teixeira Yanhong Wang josephine Iaria Peter ten Dijke Hong-Jian Zhu Department of Surgery(The Royal Melbourne Hospital) The University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia Huagene Institute Kecheng Science and Technology ParkPukou DistrictNanjingJiangsuChina Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related *** growth factor beta(TGF-β)signaling drives metastasis and is strongly enhanced during cancer ***,the use of on-target TGF-βsignaling inhibitors in the treatment of cancer patients remains unsuccessful,highlighting a gap in the understanding of TGF-βbiology that limits the establishment of efficient anti-metastatic ***,we show that TGF-βsignaling hyperactivation in breast cancer cells is required for metastasis and relies on increased small extracellular vesicle(sEV)*** sEV’s unique role,TGF-βsignaling levels induced by sEVs exceed the activity of matching concentrations of soluble ligand TGF-β.Further,genetic disruption of sEV secretion in highlymetastatic breast cancer cells impairs cancer cell aggressiveness by reducing TGF-βsignaling to nearly-normal ***,TGF-βsignaling activity in non-invasive breast cancer cells is inherently low,but can be amplified by sEVs,enabling invasion and metastasis of poorly-metastatic breast cancer *** the translational potential of inhibiting sEV trafficking in advanced breast cancers,treatment with dimethyl amiloride(DMA)decreases sEV secretion,TGF-βsignaling activity,and breast cancer progression in *** both the sEV trafficking and TGF-βsignaling by combining DMA and SB431542 at suboptimal doses potentiated this effect,normalizing the TGF-βsignaling in primary tumors to potently reduce circulating tumor cells,metastasis,and tumor ***,this study establishes sEVs as critical elements in TGF-βbiology,demonstrating the feasibility of inhibiting sEV trafficking as a new therapeutic approach to impair metastasis by normalizing TGF-βsignaling levels in breast cancer cells.

关键词： metastasis doses invasion

A simulation study on spatial and time resolution for a cost-effective positron emission particle tracking system

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 312-322页

作者： josephine Oppotsch Matthias Steinke Miriam Fritsch Fritz-Herbert Heinsius Thomas Held Nikoline Hilse Viktor Scherer Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum Institut für Experimentalphysik I44801 BochumGermany Ruhr-Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik44801 BochumGermany

This work is the second part of a simulation study investigating the processing of densely packed and moving granular assemblies by positron emission particle tracking (PEPT).Since medical positron emission tomography (PET) scanners commonly used for PEPT are very expensive,a PET-like detector system based on cost-effective organic plastic scintillator bars is being developed and tested for its *** this context,the spatial resolution of a resting positron source,a source moving on a freely designed model path,and a particle motion given by a discrete element method (DEM) simulation is studied using Monte Carlo simulations and the software toolkit *** not only extended the simulation and reconstruction to a moving source but also significantly improved the spatial resolution compared to previous work by adding oversampling and iteration to the reconstruction ***,in the case of a source following a trajectory developed from DEM simulations,a very good resolution of about 1 mm in all three directions and an average 3D deviation between simulated and reconstructed events of 2.3 mm could be ***,the resolution for realistic particle motion within the generic grate system (which is the test rig for further experimental studies) is well below the smallest particle *** simulation of the dependence of the reconstruction accuracy on tracer particle location revealed a nearly constant efficiency within the entire detector system,which demonstrates that boundary effects can be neglected.

关键词： Positron emission particle tracking Monte Carlo method Time-of-flight Plastic scintillators Silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs)

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel M.Ngui Joseph M.Mwangangi Joachim Richter josephine W.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya Medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-<50 years)from four villages in Mwaluphamba *** specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine ***’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized ***:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 *** patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,*** without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a ***,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary *** bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths Mwaluphamba

Relative carcinogenicity of tacrolimus vs mycophenolate after solid organ transplantation and its implications for liver transplant care

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 650-660页

作者： Dorothy Liu Mark M Youssef josephine A Grace Marie Sinclair Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Victorian Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND De novo malignancy is a leading cause of late morbidity and mortality in liver transplant *** immunosuppression has been shown to contribute to post-transplant malignancy(PTM)*** is emerging evidence on the differential carcinogenic risk profile of individual immunosuppressive drugs,independent of the net effect of *** inhibitors such as tacrolimus may promote tumourigenesis,whereas mycophenolic acid(MPA),the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil,may limit tumour *** transplantation(LT)is relatively unique among solid organ transplantation in that immunosuppression monotherapy with either tacrolimus or MPA is often achievable,which makes careful consideration of the risk-benefit profile of these immunosuppression agents particularly relevant for this ***,there is limited clinical data on this subject in both LT and other solid organ transplant *** To investigate the relative carcinogenicity of tacrolimus and MPA in solid organ *** A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase databases using the key terms“solid organ transplantation”,“tacrolimus”,“mycophenolic acid”,and“carcinogenicity”,in order to identify relevant articles published in English between 1st January 2002 to 11th August *** terms,synonyms and explosion of MeSH terms,Boolean operators and truncations were also utilised in the *** lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed to identify any additional *** duplicates,abstracts from 1230 records were screened by a single reviewer,whereby 31 records were reviewed in ***-text articles were assessed for eligibility based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion *** A total of 6 studies were included in this *** studies were large population registries or cohort studies,which varied in transplant era,type of organ transplanted and immunosuppression protocol us

关键词： Immunosuppression Solid organ transplantation Liver transplantation Carcinogenicity Tacrolimus Mycophenolate