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Development Trends and Evaluation of Egbe Reservoir Water Nutrient Status in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Journal of Life Sciences 2010年第1期4卷 7-16页

作者： josephine bolaji edward Adiaha Aldah Alex Ugwumba Department of Zoology University of Ado Ekiti Ekiti State 0234 Nigeria Department of Zoology＇ University of lbadan lbadan Oyo State 0234 Nigeria

A study about some physicochemical parameters of Egbe reservoir was carried out from September 2005 to December 2006. The parameters include mean temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, TSS, TDS, DO and BOD which have values of 28.7±0.9 ℃ ; 8.3±0.3; 831±172.5 μS/cm; 165.4±18.3 mg/L; 0.06±0.1 mg/L; 0.4±0.6 mg/L; 7.8±2.4 mg/L and 5.2±1.6mg/L, respectively. Temperature and pH were measured in the field using mercury-in-glass thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius and pH meter, respectively. TSS and TDS were measured by grayimetric methods, while alkalinity was measured titrimetrically and DO and BOD were measured by Winkler＇s method. For the nutrients, nitrate was measured color±metrically, phosphate by Stannous Chloride method and sulphate by turbidimetric method. Mean concentration of nitrate, phosphate, and sulphate were 15.6±8.6 rag/L; 42.5±19.4 mg/L and 72.3±14.7 mg/L respectively. Nowadays, eutrophication of natural waters is one of the most significant causes of deterioration of water quality, and nitrates and phosphates are probably the key nutrients in controlling the growth of aquatic plants. Though the mean concentration of nitrates and phosphates in the reservoir water were within the acceptable limit, yet their concentrations in some locations of reservoir were high enough to encourage the growth of aquatic macrophytes which would increase productivities. Hence, it is necessary to check their further increase, and periodic monitoring and preventive measures must be adopted to save the reservoir from eutrophication.

关键词： Physico-chemical parameters development trends nutrients Egbe reservoir.

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Factors Impacting Benefits of Participatory Forest Management in Upper Imenti Forest, Meru County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 183-196页

作者： josephine Kamene Musyoki Lamech Felix Mogambi Ming’ate Joseph Muriithi Mbuvi Tito edward Musingo Joram Kagombe Kenya Forestry Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Environmental Studies and Community Development Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

This study focused on identifying factors affecting the benefits of Participatory Forestry Management (PFM) income generating activities in Upper Imenti Forest and whether they are dependent on status of participation in forest management through membership of Community Forest Association (CFA) or not. Cross-sectional survey research design was applied for collecting quantitative data using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 384 households stratified on the basis of PFM participation status. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions using a checklist and key informant interviews using an interview schedule. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25, Binomial regression with Wald Chi-square was analyzed to identify factors perceived to be significantly influencing benefits for PFM participants and Pearson Chi-square to compare factors perceived to be affecting PFM and non-PFM participants. CFA members participation in PFM was significantly and positively affected by benefits of PFM income generating activities and forest products accessed in the forest. Benefits linked to Plantation Establishment for Livelihood Improvement System (PELIS) for CFA members were significantly reduced by enforcement of moratorium policy since February 2018, diseases and pests, poor PELIS guideline adherence and animal damage. Benefits related to state forest access for firewood by the CFA members were negatively influenced by the moratorium policy. Diseases and pests affected benefits associated with bee keeping significantly. Comparing factors under different PFM participation status, crop production was significantly affected by policy changes, pest and diseases, animal damage and PELIS guideline adherence for CFA members than for Non-CFA members. Policy changes also affected the CFA members significantly in firewood collection and access to fodder in the state forest than the Non-CFA members. Hence, sustainable community participation

关键词： Participatory Forest Management Community Forest Association Sustainable Community Participation Access to Forest Products Moratorium Policy Income Generating Activities

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Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Total Crude Leaf Extract of <i>Phytolacca dodecandra</i>in Wistar Albino Rats

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 259-271页

作者： Loyce Nakalembe josephine N. Kasolo edward Nyatia Aloysius Lubega Godfrey S. Bbosa Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine St Augustine International University Kampala Uganda Department of Medical Physiology Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda

Background: Pain is a common problem encountered in daily life among humans and animal and it is commonly managed conventionally using modern medicines and traditionally by use of medicinal plants. Phytolacca dodecandra is a common herb in Uganda, used traditionally to alleviate pain and inflammatory conditions. However, its activity in alleviating pain and inflammatory diseases has not been fully scientifically evaluated. Aim of Study: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of total crude leaf extracts of P. dodecandra in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: It was a laboratory-based experimental study. Acetic acid-induced writhing test was used to determine the analgesic activity and the histamine-induced paw edema formation for anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. Twenty eight animals were divided into 7 groups each with 4 rats and two (2) sets of data were obtained from each animal per group as per guidance of the refinement rule of 3Rs. For analgesic activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 150.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac sodium (Na) drug (positive control). For anti-inflammatory activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), Group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 300.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na. The percentage mean paw volume inhibition and percentage writhing protection were determined. Results: The mean percentage paw volume inhibitions were 29.1%, 74.2% and 32.3% at doses of 5.0, 40.0 mg/kg bwt and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. The mean percentage writhing protection was 8.9%, 10.4%, 78.5% and 98.7% at doses of 150.0, 600.0, 1000.0 mg/kg of extract and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. Conclusions: Total crude leaf extracts of P. dod

关键词： Phytolacca dodecandra Analgesic Anti-Inflammatory Total Crude Leaf Extract

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Risk Factors for Viral Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV and Major Depressive Disorder in Uganda

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第2期12卷 43-54页

作者： Lilian Bulage Benedict Akimana Justine D. Namuli Seggane Musisi josephine Birungi Micheal Etukoit Ramin Mojtabai Jean B. Nachega edward J. Mills Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu African Field Epidemiology Network Kampala Uganda Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program Kampala Uganda Ministry of Health Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital Kampala Uganda Department of Psychiatry College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Kampala Uganda Department of Mental Health Bloomberg’s School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Departments of Epidemiology Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA Center for Infectious Disease Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Departments of International Health and Epidemiology Bloomberg’s School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics McMaster University Hamilton Canada

Background: Several studies indicate that depression is associated with non-viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, among PLWH with major depressive disorder, factors associated with non-viral suppression remain uncertain. We determined the prevalence and identified the factors associated with viral non-suppression among PLWH with major depressive disorder using ART in Northern Uganda. Method: A total of 30 primary care HIV clinics across three northern districts (Gulu, Kitgum, Pader) participated in the study. Using baseline data from the SEEK-GSP study, a cluster-randomized trial in northern Uganda (2016-2019) that involved 1140 PLWH with mild to moderate major depressive disorder;we examined the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors using standardized questionnaires. Data on viral load was abstracted from clinic records and dichotomized into suppressed (Results: We recruited 1140 PLWH. The viral non-suppression prevalence was 12.2%. In multivariable analysis, the only baseline psychosocial variable independently associated with non-viral suppression was suicide risk (PRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.32, p-value = 0.029). The prevalence odds for non-viral suppression were 56% higher among depressed PLWH with moderate to high suicide risk than those with low suicide risk. Among clinical variables, duration on ART ≥ 4 years was independently associated with non-viral suppression (PRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.32, p-value = 0.015). Conclusions: Suicide risk and longer duration on ART are associated with non-viral suppression among anti-retroviral therapy users with mild to moderate major depressive disorder in Uganda. As ART is scaled up across Sub-Saharan Africa, first-line psychological care for depression and its complications is urgently needed in established HIV treatment centers.

关键词： Depression Suicide Risk Anti-Retroviral Therapy Viral Suppression Uganda

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